论刑事责任年龄On age of criminal responsibility.docx
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论刑事责任年龄On age of criminal responsibility.docx
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论刑事责任年龄Onageofcriminalresponsibility
论刑事责任年龄(Onageofcriminalresponsibility)
Onageofcriminalresponsibility
Releasetime:
2010-04-3009:
27:
23
Theageofcriminalresponsibility[1]isanimportantsubjectinthetheoreticalsystemofcriminallawinchina.Inrecentyears,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofsociety,newsocialproblemsemergeatthesametime,Chinacriminallawtheoristsonthisissueismoreextensiveandin-depthdiscussion,andputsforwardanewtheoreticalperspective.ThisarticleonlydiscussesthepresentsituationofthecriminalliabilityageinChina'scriminallawanddiscussesthetopicwiththesocialreality.
I.anoverviewoftheageofcriminalresponsibility
Theageofcriminalresponsibilityisoneofthegeneralrequisitestoidentifythesubjectofanaturalperson.[2]theageofresponsibilityhasbeenstipulatedinthecriminallegislationatalltimesandinallcountries.Themodernworldcriminallegislationresponsibilityageisdifferent,butgenerallyaccordingtotheneedsoftheactualgrowthoftheirchildrenandfightagainstcrimes,agradualdevelopmentprocessaccordingtoapersonfromthepartdonothavetohave,havetheabilitytorecognizeorcontroltheirownbehavior,thecriminaltheageofresponsibilityisdividedintoseveralstages,themethodofdivisionisnotexactlythesame.
(1)provisionsontheageofcriminalresponsibilityinChineseandforeigncriminallaw;
Asearlyasinthecriminallawoftheslavesociety,therewasastipulationabouttheinfluenceofageonthecriminalresponsibility.Suchas"Zhou"intheftprovisions"wherethereisatitle,andseventy,andtheurn,arenotasslaves",atthesametime,"ZhouLi"inthe"threesins"system,thereistworemissionwasestablishedbyage,therefore,inancientChina,peopleareveryearlyunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweentheageandthecriminalresponsibilityability.
TheTangDynastyisthepeakperiodofChina'sfeudalsociety,"Tang"ontheageofcriminalresponsibilitytoanswerdetailedprovisionsandscience,canbesummedupasfollows:
(1)15to70yearsoldiscompletelynegativephaseoftheageofcriminalresponsibility.
(2)10to15yearsofageand70to80yearsofageisanageofcriminalresponsibilityreduction.(3)7to10to80to90yearsisrelativelynegativephaseoftheageofcriminalresponsibility,theageofpeople,onlybearcriminalresponsibilityforsomeseriouscriminalcrimessuchasmurder,inverse,robbers,andcangivequarter.(4)under7yearsofageand90yearsofage,thereisnoageforcriminalresponsibility.China'sfirstmoderncriminallaw"newcriminallaw"willbetheageofcriminalresponsibilityisdividedintothreestages
(1)under17yearsofageforcriminalresponsibilityisnotage.
(2)12yearsofage,under16yearsofage,or80yearsold,toreducetheageofcriminalresponsibility.(3)over16yearsofageandunder80yearsofage,theageoffullcriminalresponsibility.
Inforeigncriminallaw,thereisalongtimeabouttheageofcriminalresponsibility.In451-450BCinancientRome's"Twelvecopperwatchlaw",forindividualcrimes,thereisapreliminaryprovisiononage.In534yearsofancientRomeEmpire"Justiniancode"doesnotexistinthestudents'badboy,alsomaynothavethebasisofhopelesschildrentheory,establishedtherequirementsforchildrenmaynotpremeditatedcrime,andaccordingly:
male14yearsold,female12yearsoldageforcriminalresponsibility."Accordingtoreports,theRomelawalsodistinguishseveralstagesofliabilityage:
under7yearsoldchildren'sbehaviorwasnotdeemedacrime;hasover7yearsofageundertheageof14,isregardedastheabilitytodiscernwhetherreachtheageofresponsibility;hasover14yearsofageforcriminaladults.
Inmoderntimes,ineighteenthCentury,manycountriesestablishedtheageofresponsibilityforminorsaccordingtothelawoftheRome.In1810the"Frenchpenalcode"articlesixty-sixth:
"felonydefendantsundertheageofsixteen,andthecrimethathappenedtodistinguishrightfromwrong,shouldbeexemptfrompunishment."Thecodeofsixty-seventhandsixty-ninthalsostipulatesthathastheabilitytodistinguishrightandwrongfortheimplementationoffelonyminorsundertheageof16andundertheageof16,thedefendantshouldbesentenced,amisdemeanor,butshouldreducethepunishment.TheprovisionsoftheFrenchCriminalCodehaveanimportantinfluenceonthecriminallawlegislationinwesterncountriesintheearlynineteenthCenturyandtheearlytwentiethCentury.
Inmodernsociety,becauseofthehistory,culture,politics,economyandlegaltraditionandotheraspectsofthedifferentcountries,determinedtominorsageroughlythefollowing:
(1)theuncertaintyboundsofminorsage.LatinAmericancountriessuchasCuba,Columbia,Peruandsoon.
(2)thecriminallawdoesnotspecifytheboundariesoftheageofminors,whicharedeterminedbythecourtinaccordancewiththeKoran,basedonthedegreeofphysicalandpsychologicalmaturityoftheindividual.SuchasSaudiArabiaandYemen.(3)theminimumlimitforminorsisstipulatedaswellastheminimumandminimumlimitsforminorsfrom7to16.Theupperlimitrangesfrom15to21years,whichisstipulatedinthecriminallawofthevastmajorityofcountries.
Thus,theageofcriminalresponsibilityisstipulatedinthecriminallegislationatalltimesandinallcountries.Therearedifferentregulationsontheageofcriminalresponsibilityincriminallawlegislationofmoderncountriesallovertheworld,
Butgenerallyaccordingtotheactualgrowthoftheirchildrenandfightagainstcrimesneeds,agradualdevelopmentprocessaccordingtoapersonfromthepartdonothavetohave,fullyequippedwiththeabilitytoidentifyandcontroltheirbehaviortodividetheageofcriminalresponsibilityinthesame.
(two)thepresentsituationofcriminalresponsibilityageinChina'scriminallaw.
Thecriminallawofourcountryaccordingtoourcountryalwaysonchildren'sharmfulbehaviortoeducation,supplementedbypunishmentpolicyguidance,fromthepolitical,economicandculturaleducationinourcountry,thegrowthofchildrenandallkindsofcrimessuchasreality,anddrawlessonsfromthelegislativeexperienceofothercountries,consideringthedevelopmenttrendofthecriminallaw.Inthecurrentpenalcodeof17totheageofresponsibilityprovidesmoreconcentrated,thedivisionoftheageofcriminalresponsibilityistotallynotcriminallyresponsibleage,therelativeageofcriminalresponsibilityandcompletelynegativeperiodoftheageofcriminalresponsibility.
1,completelywithoutcriminalresponsibilityagestage.
Inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheseventeentharticleofthecriminalcode,under14yearsofageiscompletelynoncriminalagestage.Accordingtothecurrentcriminallawtheory,peopleundertheageof14arestillintheirinfancyandhavenoabilitytorecognizeandcontroltheirownactions,i.e.,theyarenotcapableofbeingabletodoso.Thelaw,theimplementationofsocialharmforpeopleunder14yearsofagethebehavior,nocriminalresponsibility;butwhennecessary,shallbeorderedtoparentsorguardianstodiscipline,mayalsoneedtocloseto14yearsofage,asapersonundertheageof12-13takeninbythegovernment.
2,therelativeageofcriminalresponsibility.
Inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheseventeenthparagraphofthecurrentpenalcode,second,hasfull14yearsofage,lessthan16yearsofage,isarelativelynegativeageofcriminalresponsibility.Attheageoftheperson,haveacertaindiscriminationandtheirabilitytocontrolmajormajorissuesissuesofrightandwrongbehavior,namelyforsomeseriousharmsocialbehaviorhavetheabilitytoidentifyandcontrolthe.Therefore,thelawrequiresthemtoseriouslyharmthesocietytoimplementtheirownbehaviorthatis"intentionalhomicide,intentionalinjurycausingseriousinjuryordeath,rape,robbery,drugtrafficking,arson,explosion,investmentandapplicationofthecrimeofdangeroussubstances"criminalresponsibility.[3]oftheNationalPeople'sCongressPartyCommitteeLawCommitteeinAugust2002,madethereplyoftheSupremePeople'sProcuratorateonthescope,hasreachedtheageof14peopleunder16yearsofageofcriminalresponsibilityproblemspointedout:
"theeightprovisionsofthesecondparagraphofarticleseventeenthofthecriminallawcrime,referstothespecificcrimeratherthanspecificcharges."
3,fullyresponsiblefortheageofcriminalresponsibility.
Inaccordancewithparagraphfirstofthecurrentcodeseventeenthexpressly,hasreachedtheageof16peopleintoacompletelynegativestageoftheageofcriminalresponsibility,thecurrentcriminallawthathasover16yearsofageminorsphysicalandintellectualequaldevelopment,hascertainsocialknowledge,istheconceptandthelegalconceptofgrowthtoachievecertainprocedures,thegeneralcanaccordingtonationallawandsocialmoralrequirementstorestrainthemselves,sotheyhavethebasicmeaningofthecurrentcriminallawonthedebateandtheabilitytocontroltheirownbehaviour.Therefore,thecurrentcriminallawofourcountryconfirmsthatpeoplewhohavereachedtheageof16constituteallthecrimesinthecriminallawandrequirethemtobearcriminalresponsibilityforallharmfulactsprohibitedbythecriminallaw.
4,reducetheageofcriminalresponsibility.
Thethirdparagraphoftheseventeentharticleofthecriminallawstipulatesthat"thosewhohavereachedtheageof14andunder18yearsofageshallbegivenalighterormitigatedpunishment."."
TheaboveisthehistoryofChineseandforeigncri
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