美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题6含答案.docx
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美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题6含答案.docx
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美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题6含答案
美国法学院入学考试LSAT阅读真题6(含答案)
SECTIONI
Time35minutes26Questions
Directions:
Eachpassageinthissectionisfollowedbyagroupofquestionstobeansweredonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.Forsomeofthequestions,morethanoneofthechoicescouldconceivablyanswerthequestion.However,youaretochoosethebestanswer,thatis,theresponsethatmostaccuratelyandcompletelyanswersthequestion,andblackenthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.
Tomanydevelopersoftechnologiesthataffectpublichealthortheenvironment,“riskcommunication”meanspersuadingthepublicthatthepotentialrisksofsuchtechnologiesaresmallandshouldbeignored.Thosewhocommunicaterisksinthiswayseemtobelievethatlaypeopledonotunderstandtheactualnatureoftechnologicalrisk,andtheycancitestudiesassertingthatalthoughpeopleapparentlyignoremundanehazardsthatposesignificantdanger,theygetupsetaboutexotichazardsthatposelittlechanceofdeathorinjury.Becausesomeriskcommunicatorstakethispersuasivestance,manylaypeoplesee“riskcommunication”asaeuphemismforbrainwashingdonebyexperts.
Since,however,thegoalofriskcommunicationshouldbetoenablepeopletomakeinformeddecisionsabouttechnologicalrisks,aclearunderstandingabouthowthepublicperceivesriskisneeded.Laypeople’sdefinitionsof“risk”aremorelikelytoreflectsubjectiveethicalconcernsthanareexperts’definitions.Laypeople,forexample,tendtoperceiveasmallrisktochildrenasmoresignificantthanalargerisktoconsentingadultswhobenefitfromtherisk-creatingtechnology.However,ifaskedtorankhazardsbythenumberofannualfatalities,withoutreferencetoethicaljudgments,laypeopleprovidequitereasonableestimates,demonstratingthattheyhavesubstantialknowledgeaboutmanyrisks.Althoughsomestudiesclaimtodemonstratethatlaypeoplehaveinappropriateconcernsaboutexotichazards,thesestudiesoftenusequestionablemethods,suchasaskinglaypeopletorankrisksthatarehardtocompare.Incontrast,arecentstudyshowedthatwhenlaypeopleweregiventhenecessaryfactsandtime,theyunderstoodthespecificrisksofelectromagneticfieldsproducedbyhigh-voltagepowertransmissionwellenoughtomakeinformeddecisions.
Riskcommunicationshouldthereforebebasedontheprinciplethatpeopleprocessnewinformationinthecontextoftheirexistingbeliefs.Ifpeopleknownothingaboutatopic,theywillfindmessagesaboutthattopicincomprehensible.Iftheyhaveerroneousbeliefs,theyarelikelytomisconstruethemessages.Thus,communicatorsneedtoknowthenatureandextentofrecipients’knowledgeandbeliefsinordertodesignmessagesthatwillnotbedismissedormisinterpreted.Thisneedwasdemonstratedinaresearchprojectconcerningthepublic’slevelofknowledgeaboutrisksposedbythepresenceofradoninthehome.Researchersusedopen-endedinterviewsandquestionnairestodeterminewhatinformationshouldbeincludedintheirbrochureonradon.Subjectswhoreadtheresearchers’brochureperformedsignificantlybetterinunderstandingradonrisksthandidacontrolgroupwhoreadabrochurethatwaswrittenusingadifferentapproachbyagovernmentagency.Thus,carefulpreparationcanhelpriskcommunicatorstoproducebalancedmaterialthattellspeoplewhattheyneedtoknowtomakedecisionsabouttechnologicalrisks.
1.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?
(A)Riskcommunicatorsareeffectivelyaddressingtheproliferationofcomplextechnologiesthathaveincreasingimpactonpublichealthandsafety.
(B)Riskcommunicatorsshouldassesslaypeople’sunderstandingoftechnologiesinordertobeabletogivethemtheinformationtheyneedtomakereasonabledecisions.
(C)Expertswhowanttocommunicatetothepublicaboutthepossiblerisksofcomplextechnologiesmustsimplifytheirmessagetoensurethatitisunderstandable.
(D)Riskcommunicationcanbeperceivedasthetaskofpersuadinglaypeopletoaccepttheimpactofaparticulartechnologyontheirlives.
(E)Laypeoplecanbeundulyinfluencedbysubjectiveconcernswhenmakingdecisionsabouttechnologicalrisks.
2.Theauthorsofthepassagewouldbemostlikelytoagreethattheprimarypurposeofriskcommunicationshouldbeto
(A)explainratherthantopersuade
(B)promoteratherthantojustify
(C)influenceexpertsratherthantoinfluencelaypeople
(D)allaypeople’sfearsaboutmundanehazardsratherthanaboutexotichazards
(E)fosterpublicacceptanceofnewtechnologiesratherthantoacknowledgepeople’sethicalconcerns
3.Accordingtothepassage,itisprobablethatwhichoneofthefollowingwilloccurwhenriskcommunicatorsattempttocommunicatewithlaypeoplewhohavemistakenideasaboutaparticulartechnology?
(A)Thelaypeopleperceivingthattheriskcommunicatorshaveprovidedmore-reliableinformation,willdiscardtheirmistakennotion.
(B)Thelaypeoplewillonlypartiallyrevisetheirideasonthebasisofthenewinformation.
(C)Thelaypeoplefittingthenewinformationintotheirexistingframeworkwillinterpretthecommunicationdifferentlythattheriskcommunicatorshadintended.
(D)Thelaypeoplemisunderstandingthenewinformationwillfurtherdistorttheinformationwhentheycommunicateittootherlaypeople.
(E)Thelaypeoplewillignoreanycommunicationaboutatechnologytheyconsiderpotentiallydangerous.
4.Whichoneofthefollowingismostclearlyanexampleofthekindofriskperceptiondiscussedinthe“studies”mentionedinline8?
(A)Askydiverchecksthelinesonherparachuteseveraltimesbeforeajumpbecausetangledlinesoftenkeeptheparachutesfromopeningproperly
(B)Apersondecidestoquitsmokinginordertolessontheprobabilityoflungdamagetohimselfandhisfamily
(C)Ahomeownerwhodecidestohaveherhousetestedforradonalsodecidesnottoallowanyonetosmokeinherhouse
(D)Apersonwhooftenweavesinandoutoftrafficwhiledrivinghiscaratexcessivespeedsworriesaboutmeteoriteshittinghishouse
(E)Agroupoftownspeopleopposesthebuildingofanuclearwastedumpoutsidertheirtownandproposesthatthedumpbeplacedinanothertown
5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorsofthepassagewouldbemorelikelythanwouldtheriskcommunicatorsdiscussedinthefirstparagraphtoemphasizewhichoneofthefollowing?
(A)laypeople’stendencytobecomealarmedabouttechnologiesthattheyfindneworstrange
(B)laypeople’stendencytocomparerisksthatexpertswouldnotconsidercomparable
(C)theneedforlaypeopletoadoptscientists’adviceabouttechnologicalrisk
(D)theinabilityoflaypeopletorankhazardsbythenumberoffatalitiescausedannually
(E)theimpactoflaypeople’svaluesystemsontheirperceptionsofrisk
6.Accordingtothepassagemanylaypeoplebelievewhichoneofthefollowingaboutriskcommunication?
(A)Itfocusesexcessivelyonmundanehazards.
(B)Itisatoolusedtomanipulatethepublic.
(C)Itisamajorcauseofinaccuraciesinpublicknowledgeaboutscience.
(D)Itmostoftenfunctionstohelppeoplemakeinformeddecisions.
(E)Itslevelofeffectivenessdependsonthelevelofknowledgeitsaudiencealreadyhas.
参考答案:
1-6BACDEB
InApril1990representativesofthePicoKoreaUnionofelectronicsworkersinBuchoncity,southKorea,traveledtotheUnitedStatesinordertodemandjustsettlementoftheirclaimsfromtheparentcompanyoftheiremployers,whoupontheformationoftheunionhadshutdownoperationswithoutpayingtheworkers.Fromthebeginning,theunioncausewaschampionedbyanunprecedentedcoalitionofKoreanAmericangroupsanddeeplyaffectedtheKoreanAmericancommunityonseverallevels.
First,itservedasarallyingfocusforadiversecommunityoftendividedbygeneration,classandpoliticalideologies.Mostnotably,thePicocausemobilizedmanyyoungsecond-generationKoreanAmericans,manyofwhomhadneverbeenpartofapoliticalcampaignbefore,letaloneoneinvolvingKoreanissues.Membersofthisgeneration,unlikefirst-generationKoreanAmericans,generallyfallwithinthemoreprivilegedsectorsoftheKoreanAmericancommunityandoftenfeelalienatedfromtheirKoreanroots.InadditiontoraisingthepoliticalconsciousnessofyoungKoreanAmericans,thePicostrugglesparkedamongthemnewinterestintheirculturalidentity.ThePicoworkersalsosuggestednewrolesthatcanbeplayedbyrecentimmigrants,particularlyworking-classimmigrants.Theseimmigrants’knowledgeofworkingconditionsoverseascanhelptoglobalizetheperspectiveoftheircommunitiesandcanhelptoestablishinternationaltiesonamorepersonallevel,aswitnessedintheespeciallywarmexchangebetweenthePicoworkersandrecentworking-classimmigrantsfromChina.InadditiontobroadeningthepoliticalbasewithintheKoreanAmericancommunity,thePicostrugglealsoledtonewalliancesbetweentheKoreanAmericancommunityandprogressivelaborandsocialjusticegroupswithinthelargersociety—asevidencedinthesupportreceivedfromtheCoalitionofLaborUnionWomenandleadingAfricanAmericanunionists.
Thereasonsfortheseeffectslieinthenatureofthecause.TheissuesraisedbythePicounionistshadsuchastronghumancomponentthatdifferenceswithinthecommunitybecamesecondarytolargerconcernsforsocialjusticeandworkers’rights.Theworkers’demandsforcompensationandrespectwereunencumberedwithstrongideologicaltrappings.TheeconomicexploitationfacedbythePicoworkersunderscoredthecommoninterestsof
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- 美国 法学院 入学考试 LSAT 阅读 答案