新高三暑期作业高考复习方法策略15讲第8讲 5个必考点与4种解题方法拨开情态动词的迷雾.docx
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新高三暑期作业高考复习方法策略15讲第8讲 5个必考点与4种解题方法拨开情态动词的迷雾.docx
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新高三暑期作业高考复习方法策略15讲第8讲5个必考点与4种解题方法拨开情态动词的迷雾
第8讲 5个必考点与4种解题方法拨开情态动词的迷雾
备考指导
情态动词是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点,通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。
解决情态动词类题目通常使用的方法是通过语境与语义来判断。
一、需要特别记忆的5个必考点
1.情态动词表猜测时,肯定句一般用must(语气十分肯定)和may(语气不大肯定),疑问句一般用can,否定句一般用can’t(语气肯定)和maynot(语气不大肯定)。
Whocanitbe,doyouknow?
你知道可能是谁吗?
Itcan’tbeMr.Wang.
不可能是王先生。
2.如果表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事,这时多用must。
Itcan’thelp;hemustdothat.没办法,他非要做不可。
Smokingisnotallowedhere,butifyoumust,you’dbettergotothesmokingarea.
这里不许吸烟,但是如果你非要吸的话,你最好去吸烟区。
3.表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,“总是,惯于”,通常用于第三人称,这时通常用will。
Fishwilldieoutofwater.
鱼离开水将会死亡。
Howeverhardhetried,thedoorwouldn’topen.
不管他如何努力,门就是打不开。
4.shall用于第三人称,表示征求对方意见或请求;用于第二、三人称表示命令、威胁、允诺、强制等。
Youshalldoasyourfathersays.
你应该照父亲说的做。
Shallhecomein?
让他进来吗?
5.“情态动词+havedone”的用法
(1)musthavedonesth.表示对过去已经发生的事情的有把握的推测,意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”,只用在肯定句中。
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.
昨天晚上肯定下雨了,因为地是湿的。
(2)can(could)havedonesth.表示对过去发生的动作的怀疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
Hecan’thaveforgottenit.
他肯定还没有忘记那件事。
(3)needn’thavedonesth.表示已完成不需要完成的动作。
Youneedn’thavewakenmeup.Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.
你本不必叫醒我,我今天不必去上班。
(4)didn’tneedtodosth.表示没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事。
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.
不需要我擦窗户,我弟弟擦的。
(5)may/mighthavedonesth.表示对过去已发生的动作的推测,意为“也许/或许已经……”。
I’mnotsure.Hemighthavesaidsoattheconference.
我不确定。
他或许已在会议上说了。
(6)shouldhavedonesth.表示本来应该做某事而实际上未做。
Youshouldhavetoldhimaboutit.
你本应该告诉他那件事。
二、4招帮你解决情态动词相关的题目
方法1 意义判断法
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。
因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。
典例展示
I________worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.
答案 needn’t
解析 needn’t意为“不必”。
句意:
我不必担心我的周末——我总是没等到周末就把计划安排好了。
方法2 句型判断法
有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中,如may表示推测时,往往用在肯定或否定句中;must表示推测只能用于肯定句中。
运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特点,选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。
典例展示
Youmustn’thavetoldhimthenews;heknewitalready.________
答案 mustn’t→needn’t
解析 本句意为“你本来不必要告诉他这条消息的,因为他早就知道了。
”表示“不必”用needn’t,而mustn’t意为“千万不,不允许”。
方法3 语气判断法
情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度,所以在解答此类试题时,一定要注意说话者的语气(这也是解题的难点),这就要求正确理解句子,从说话者的角度去考虑问题,结合具体的语境来分析和判断,最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特定的情感需要。
典例展示
—MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?
—No,you________.Youreaditinhere.
答案 mustn’t
解析 表示禁止,“一定不,不准许”。
方法4 人称判断法
有些情态动词在表达某个意义时,要与特定的人称连用,这为我们选择正确答案提供了方向。
典例展示
Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates________remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.
答案 shall
解析 shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1.They________havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.
2.Ifyou________smoke,pleasegooutside.
3.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?
—Don’tworry.He________notcome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.
4.I________worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.
5.It________bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.
6.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.
—Howunbelievabletogetitback!
Imean,someone________havestolenit.
7.—How’syournewbabysitter?
—We________notaskforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.
8.—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?
—Iamafraidyou________,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.
9.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey________.
10.Ifyou________go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Ifyouneedgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.________
2.Shecouldsangverywellwhenshewasagirl.________
3.You’dbettertowearrubbers,forit’srainingoutside.________
4.Iwouldrathertoworkthanplay.________
5.Iaskedhimwhetherheneedsgothere.________
6.Somethingiswrongwithmycomputeranditneedrepairing.________
7.Icanhavelentyouthemoney.Whydidn’tyouaskme?
________
8.Sheshouldabletogiveusagoodanswer.________
9.Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughtsucceed.________
10.Suchagentlemancoulddothat.________
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Spendingtimeoutdoorsinourcountry’sNationalParksystemcanbringyouclosertonature.Sometimes,itcanbringthenatureclosertoyouthanyoueverexpected.Itisn’tuncommonforParkvisitorstohappenuponbabyanimals,seeminglyhelplessanddefenselessagainstallofthegreatoutdoors.
Animalssuchasbearsandcougars(美洲狮)maylookharmlessandlovelyiftheyarefoundasbabies;itisneveragoodideatogettooclosetothem,eveniftheylookabandoned,becausetheirmothermaynotbefarawayandwillattacktoprotectheroffspring.Incaseslikethese,theonlyoptionistocontactalocalparkranger(管理员),orcontacttheUSFishandWildlifeServiceat1800344WILD,sotheycandirecttheproperauthoritiestohelpthebabies.
Duringthespring,wildlifegroupsareoverwhelmedwiththepubliccallingaboutorphanedbabydeer;thefawns(小鹿)were“rescued”bywellmeaningpeople,butusuallythefawnsdidn’tneedanyhelpatall.Motherdeerwillleavetheirfawntofindfood,andthefawnwillinstinctivelyliedownandtrytoblendintoitssurroundings.Ifyouspotatinyfawnintheunderbrush,pleasedon’tdisturbit.Ifitisremoved,themotherwon’tbeabletofindit,andthefawn’schanceofbeingabletoliveanaturallifeintheoutdoorsisdiminished.
Unlesstheyareveryyoung,foxes,wolves,raccoons,andcoyotescanbedangerousevenasyoung.IfbabiesofthistypearefoundaloneinaNationalPark,itisadvisabletofindaparkrangerforassistance.Inmostinstances,unlessyouaretrainedinwildlifeorzoologicalskills,assistanceisthebestoption;notonlyforyoursafety,butforthewellbeingoftheorphanedorlostanimal.Neverattempttosaveaninjuredadultanimalbyyourself,andnevertrytogetababyanimalawayfromitsmother.
1.Weshouldnotapproachbabybearsandcougarsbecause________.
A.theyareafraidofhumans
B.theydon’tneedhuman’shelp
C.theirmothersmayattackus
D.theyarenotabandoned
2.Whatdoweknowaboutthewellmeaningpeoplewhorescuedthefawns?
A.Theydidsomethinghelpful.
B.Theydidn’thelpthefawnsatall.
C.Theyhandledtheanimalsproperly.
D.Theyshouldhavecalledtheauthoritiesearlier.
3.Whatshouldwedoifwefindafawninthewild?
A.Leaveitwhereitis.
B.Bringittotheauthorities.
C.ContacttheUSFishandWildlifeService.
D.Trytofinditsmother.
4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Babyanimalspresentnothreattohumans.
B.Commonpeoplecansaveaninjuredanimalthemselves.
C.Weshouldleaveaninjuredadultanimalalone.
D.Aninjuredanimalmayhurtpeople.
B
Earthquakesarecommoninnature,makingsoundsbelowEarth’ssurfacethousandsoftimeseveryday.Butmajorearthquakesarelesscommon.Herearesomethingstodotoprepareforanearthquakeandwhattodooncethegroundstartsshaking.
SafetyTips
·Haveanearthquakereadinessplan.
·Consultaprofessionaltolearnhowtomakeyourhomesturdier,suchasfixingbookcasestothewall,usingstronglocksoncupboards,andfixingthewaterheatertothewallfirmly.
·Locateaplaceineachroomofthehousethatyoucangotoincaseofanearthquake.Itshouldbeaspotwherenothingislikelytofallonyou.
·Keepasupplyofcannedfood,anuptodatefirstaidbox,3gallons(11.4liters)ofwaterperperson,dustmasksandgoggles(护目镜),andaworkingbatteryoperatedradioandflashlights.
·Knowhowtoturnoffyourgasandwatermains.
IfShakingBegins
·Dropdown;takecoverunderadeskortableandholdon.
·Stayindoorsuntiltheshakingstopsandyou’resureit’ssafetoexit.
·Stayawayfrombookcasesorfurniturethatcanfallonyou.
·Stayawayfromwindows.Inahighrisebuilding,expectthefirealarmsandsprinklers(洒水车)togooffduringaquake.
·Ifyouareinbed,holdonandstaythere,protectingyourheadwithapillow.
·Ifyouareoutdoors,findaclearspotawayfrombuildings,trees,andpowerlines.Droptotheground.
·Ifyouareinacar,slowdownanddrivetoaclearplace.Stayinthecaruntiltheshakingstops.
5.Ifthegroundisshaking,oneisadvisedtostay________.
A.inthestudyfullofbookshelves
B.inthekitchenwithabottleofgas
C.inthebedroomwithtwobeds
D.inthediningroomwithcupboards
6.Whatshouldpeopledowhileathomeifshakingbegins?
A.Standupandcallforhelpimmediately.
B.Trygettingoutassoonastheycan.
C.Waitforthepossiblechancepatiently.
D.Hidethemselvesbehindthefurniture.
7.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom________.
A.anewsreportB.astorybook
C.acommonnoticeD.asciencemagazine
Ⅱ.语法填空
Lucyisanoutgoinglady.She1.________playmanykindsofmusicalinstruments.Actually,she2.________playthepianowhenshewas8yearsold.Lucyalsokeepstakingexerciseeveryday.Shesaysthatshe3.________dosomesportsbecauseshe4.________keepslim.“You5.________getfatsoonifyoudon’ttakeexerciseeveryday.”Sheusuallysaystoherfriends.
Asforher,anelegantlady6.________trytokeepfit.However,lastweek,shefoundthatshe7.________putonweightandshewasworriedanddecidedtoloseweight.
Andthesedayssheisalwaysthinkingthatshe8.________succeedsoonifshetriesallherbest.However,sheisalwayslackoftimebecauseshe9.________takecareofherchildren.
Onenightaftersupper,shewalkedquicklyinordertogodancingattheTomorrowParkandshewaslate.Onherway,shethoughtthatthedancing10.________(begin),andthecoach11.________(teach)orshownmanynewmoves.Shewasafraidthatherfriends12.________(leave)beforeshegotthere.Shewasregretfulthen.
She13.________(have)supperearlier,orshe14.________(take)ataxi,andindeedshe15.________(take)abathinadvance.Whenshereachedtheparkfinally,shefoundnobodywasthere.Sherememberedsuddenlyth
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