高中英语状语从句用法详细解析.docx
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高中英语状语从句用法详细解析.docx
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高中英语状语从句用法详细解析
高中英语状语从句用法详细解析
一、定义:
在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号,放在句尾时不用。
二、分类
根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:
①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句
三、时间状语从句
(一)引导时间状语从句的连词有:
as,when(whenever),before,after,assoonas,until(till),since,everytime,once.
(二)、“as”as,when,while都有“当……的时候”,可以互用
Whenshewasachild.
Whileshewasachild.SheLivedinParis.
Asshewasachild.
as有“一边…一边”的意思
Hesangashewalked.
“when”
Whentheclockstrucktwelve,allthelightswentout.
Iwassleepingwhenshecamein.动补
Whenwearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.
“while”主、从句动作或状态同时发生。
用while引导的从句用延续性动词,常表示较长的时间或一个过程。
Whilewewerehavingsupper,allthelightswentout.
Pleasekeepquietwhileothersarestudying.
WhileIwaswritingletterslastnight,hewaswatchingTV.
when,while并列连问。
when和while都可用作并列连问,连接并列分句。
When表示“就在……的时候”,while意反而,可是,表示转折。
OneeveningBeethovenwaswalkinginastreet,whenhesuddenlystoppedoutsidealittlehouse.
并列连词引导并列句,意思是就在那时。
(三)、主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句是过去将来时,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时,主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去时。
1.I'llcallyouwhenIgetthere.
2.Theysaidtheywouldleavewhentheygotthenew.
3.Theyleftassoonastheygotthenew.
Whenever无论什么时候,随时
1.Wheneversomeonethrowsinsomerubbish,thetruckproducesapieceofmusic.
每当有人扔进一些垃圾时,它(汽车)就放一段音乐。
2.Wheneverwe'reintrouble,theywillhelpus.
3.Igotothetheatre,wheneverIamfree.
4.Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.你随时来看我。
till和until(表示“直到……”)句首多用until
1、在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”,主句谓语动词要用延续性动词。
Iwaswaitinguntil/tillhearrived.
2、在否定句中表示“直到……才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词,这时until和till常被before替换。
Ididn'tleavetill/untilshecameback.
since:
主句用完成时,从句用一般过去时,since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时。
ItistwoyearssinceIhavestudiedEnglish.
1.Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.
2.Wehavebeenfriends(eversince)sincewemetatschool.
3.Itis……(一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子。
Itistwoyearssincemysistermarried.
……(一段时间)have/haspassedsince+一般过去时态句子
Twosistershave/haspassedsincemysistermarried.
Since+时间点
1.Ihavebeenathomesincethreeo'clockthisafternoon.
2.MariahasbeeninChinasincetwoyearsago.
*everytime,eachtime,nexttime
Everytimeyougetbackatnight,youdropyourbootsonthefloor.
EverytimeIcatchcold,Ihavepaininmyback.
(everytime分写不可以合写)比较everyday(adj)日常的,普通的
everyday是名词短语,每天,天天
NexttimeIgothere,Iwillvisitthem.
*once一旦…就
Onceyoubegin,youmustgoon.你一开了头,就应该继续下去。
四、地点状语从句
地点状语从句用where,wherever引导
Weshouldgowherethepeopleneedus.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方。
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. 有志者,事竟成。
Wherevertheywent,theyreceivedawormwelcome.
无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。
Shefollowhimwhosehegoes.他无论到哪里她总跟着。
五、原因状语从句
原因状语从句用because(因为),since(既然),as(由于)引导
1、字母由多到少,语气由强到弱。
2、由why提问必须用because回答。
Since,as不回答why的提问,而且从句一般放在句首,because一般放在主句之后。
3、beforeof+名词
Becauseoftherain,wedidn'tgotothepark.
4、because和so不可连用,只能选其一。
(另有although,but)
Whydidn'thecometoschool?
Becausehewasill.
SinceImustdie,Imust.既然我一定要死,我一定这样做。
Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnaChance.
5、for并列连词,不能放在句首,主要放在两个并列句之间。
For所提供的理由为一个补充说明,而且前面常有逗号隔开。
Thedaysweshort,foritisDecembernow.
*改错Becauseheisillisthereasonwhyhecan'tcome. (Because改为that)
六、目的状语从句
目的状语从句用so(常用于口语),that,sothat,inorderthat引导
目的状语从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词。
1.We'llsitnevertothefrontsowecanhearbetter.
2.Hestudiedhardsothathemightsucceed. 他努力学习,以便成功。
3.I'llspeakslowlysothatyoucantakenotes. 我慢慢讲,以便你们能做笔记。
4.Theyhurriedtothestationinorderthattheycouldcatchthetrain.
他们急忙赶往火车站,以便能赶上火车。
5.ItookataxisothatIcouldgetthereearlier.
6.I'mgoingtothelectureearlysothatImaygetagoodseat.
我打算早些去听讲座,以便找个好座位。
七、条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if,unless,(so)aslongas(只需)引导
在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时(与时间状语从句相同)
Wewillmissthetrainifyoudon'thurry.
Hesaidwewouldmissthetrainifwedidn'thurry.
Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.(ifyoudon'tstudyhard)
Hewon'tcomeunlessheisinvited.(ifheisn'tinvited)
Eatlessfoodunlessyouwanttobecomefatter.(ifyoudon'twanttobecomebetter)
Aslongasyouarenotafraidofdifficulties,youaresuretosucceed.
Aslongasyoudon'tloseheart,youwillsucceed.
八、结果状语从句
结果状语从句由such…that,so….that,sothat,that引导
1.such…that的常用句型
such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that
such+形容词+可数名词单数+that
Such+形容词+可数名词复数(不可数名词)+that
注意somany(much,few,little)+名词,suchalotof(或lotsof)+名词是惯用法,不可乱用。
Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatwealllikeher.
Theyweresuchbeautifulflowerthatweboughthome.
Itwassuchdeliciousfoodthattheyateitup.
2.so+形容词或副词+that
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that
Heissorichthathecanbuylotofthingsforhimself.
Heworkssohardthathedideverythingwell.
Itwassohotadaythatweallwentswimming.
Itwassuchagooddaythatweallwentswimming.
3.sothat,that都可以引导结果状语从句
Hedidn'tstudyhard,(so)thathefailedtheexam.
4.too…to,enough…to可以引导结果状语从句与so…that替换,so…that结构可以用too…to替换必须具备两个条件,一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致,二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could)not.
Sheisyoungthatshecan'tgotoschool.
Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.
Sheisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.
九、让步状语从句
although,though
eventhough=evenif,whether…or
however=nomatterhow
whatever=nomatterwhat
whoever=nomatterwho
whenever=nomatterwhen
wherever=nomatterwhere
*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although更正式,多用于句首,而though用于句中,二者都可与yet,still连用,但不与but连用
Although/Thoughtheyarepoor,theyoftenhelpothers.
Theyarepoor,buttheyoftenhelpothers.
Althoughhehasfailedmanytimes,hedoesn'tgiveuptrying.
Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.
Nomatterwhatyousay,Idon'tcare.
Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherulesofourschool.
Howeverhardhetried,hefailedagain.
Nomatterwhattheweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersoutridingthewaves.
十、方式状语从句
方式状语从句由as(如同,按照),asif(though)引导
*as和like都有“像”的意思,as是连词,后面连接句子,like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语。
Ididtheworkasothersdid.相当于Ididlikeothers.
YoumustdoasIdo.
asif(though)两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,但实现可能性较大,则用连接词。
Itseemsasif/thoughit'sgoingtorain.
Theyaretalkingasif/thoughtheywereoldfriends.
ShetreatsmeasifIwereherbrother.
Whenyouareinhome,doastheRomansdo.
例Youmustdo______Itoldyou.
A.afterB.beforeC.whereD.as(D)
Thestudentsmustdo______theteachertoldthem.
A.asB.beforeC.afterD.if(A)
十一、比较状语从句
比较状语从句由as…as,notas(so)…as,than,the+比较级,the+比较级引导
Heswimsaswellasyou.(do)
Hedoesn'tswimaswellasyou(do).
Hegothereearlierthanyou.(did)
Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.
英语语法状语从句类型综述
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。
一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。
尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。
状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。
现分别列举如下:
1.时间状语从句
常用引导词:
when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until
rid免除rid/riddedrid/ridded 特殊引导词:
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when
Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.
WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.
Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)themomenttheysawtheguard.
NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.
EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.
shoot射击shotshot 2.地点状语从句
常用引导词:
where
特殊引导词:
wherever,anywhere,everywhere
teach教taughttaught Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.
Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.
build建造builtbuilt 3.原因状语从句
常用引导词:
because,since,as,since
overtake超车,赶上overtookovertaken 特殊引导词:
seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas
MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.
Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.
Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.
Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.
4.目的状语从句
常用引导词:
sothat,inorderthat
特殊引导词:
lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat
Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.
Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.
5.结果状语从句
常用引导词:
so…that,so…that,such…that,
特殊引导词:
suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,
lead引导ledled Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.
It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.
Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.
bleed流血bledbled 6.条件状语从句
pay支付paidpaid 常用引导词:
if,unless,
特殊引导词:
as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat
We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.
Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.
Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.
7.让步状语从句
melt融化meltedmelted/molten 常用引导词:
though,although,evenif,eventhough
特殊引导词:
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever
get得到gotgot MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.
尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议。
Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.
Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.
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