专题05阅读理解之议论文解析版.docx
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专题05阅读理解之议论文解析版.docx
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专题05阅读理解之议论文解析版
专题05阅读理解之议论文
一、(湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研)
Mostpeoplethinkthatwomenarenaturallykind,crytoomuchandthinkwiththeirhearts,insteadofusingtheirheadslikemen.Meanwhile,menarethoughttobeborntoberationalcreatureswhonaturallyknowhowtoleadanddomath.However,statisticsonpersonalitytypesreportthat75.5%ofwomenareFeelersand56.5%ofmenareThinkers.So,rightnowweseethatahugenumberofmenabout43%--haveFeelingpreferences.
Accordingtothesenumbers,only25%ofwomenareThinkers.AmajorityofwomentestedareFeelers,butareamajorityofwomenbornasFeelers?
Inmanyregards,womenarestillexpectedtoupholdthefeminine(女性的)goalsofhalfacenturyago-staypretty,havebabies,keepatidyhome,andcookagoodnutritiousmealeverynight.Now,inadditiontothoseoldstandards,mostwomenplanonworkingandhavingcareers.Butevenintheworkplace,showingaThinkingpreferencecanbeproblematic.Womenwhotakechargeoroffercriticismmaybeseen88bossy,
OfcourserthequestiongoestotheThinkingmen.Boyslearnatayoungagethatbeingemotionalorsensitivecanbeseentobelessstrong.Theyhavebeentaughtnottocrytoshowthattheyarebraveenoughtobearanysufferings.Inthatcase,theyaremorelikelytobelessofFeelers.
MaybeFeelerwomenandThinkermenarenotnaturally80.
ThereisnothingwrongwithbeingaFeelerwomanoraThinkerman.BeingaFeelerdoesnotmeanthatyou'rearollercoasterofemotionswhomightknockoveratableatanymoment,nordoesbeingaThinkermeanthatyouareaninfalliblerobotdesignedtomakeheartlessdecisions.Regardlessofgender.yourpersonalityandpreferencesarecompletelyvalid;neitherThinkingnorFeelingisrightorwrong,goodorbad.Andofcourse,people,whopreferaThinkingstylestillhavefeelings,andFeelerscanbeextremelyintelligent.
8.Whatisthecommonbeliefaboutmenaccordingtoparagraph1?
A.Theyprefertobemathteachers.B.Theytendtothinkwiththeirheads.
C.Theyseemruderandmoremerciless.D.Theyareemotionalgroupleaders.
9.WhatmainlymakeswomenbecomeFeelers?
A.Theirworkingexperiences.B.Thesocialexpectations.
C.Theborncharacteristics.D.Theirfamilybackgrounds,
10.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?
A.Personalityisnotnecessarilylimitedtoatype.
B.FeelersandThinkerscanhardlyliveinharmony,
C.AThinkeriscertaintomakeheartlessdecisions.
D.AFeelerisemotionallychangeableallthetime.
11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.DoesPersonalityChangeOvertheTime?
B.IsPersonalityOnlyDeterminedbyGender?
C.AreFeelerWomenandThinkerMenBorntoBeSo?
D.CanFeelersandThinkersGetOnWellWithEachOther?
【答案】
8.B
9.B
10.A
11.C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。
人们通常认为女人天是感受者而男人天生是思考者,然而这并不是绝对的,个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。
8.细节理解题。
根据文章第一段“Mostpeoplethinkthatwomenarenaturallykind,crytoomuchandthinkwiththeirhearts,insteadofusingtheirheadslikemen.Meanwhile,menarethoughttobeborntoberationalcreaturewhonaturallyknowhowtoleadanddomath”(大多数人认为女人天生善良,爱哭,用心思考,而不是像男人那样动脑思考。
与此同时,男人被认为是天生的理性生物,天生知道如何领导和做数学。
)可知,人们通常认为男人是理性思考者。
故选B。
9.推理判断题。
根据文章第二段“Inmanyregards,womenarestillexpectedtoupholdthefeminine(女性的)goalsofhalfacenturyago-staypretty,havebabies,keepatidyhome,andcookagoodnutritiousmealeverynight.Now,inadditiontothoseoldstandards,mostwomenplanonworkingandhavingcareers.Butevenintheworkplace,showingaThinkingpreferencecanbeproblematic.Womenwhotakechargeoroffercriticismmaybeseen88bossy,”(在许多方面,人们仍然期望女性坚持半个世纪前的女性目标——保持漂亮,生孩子,保持家庭整洁,每天晚上做一顿营养丰富的晚餐。
现在,除了那些旧标准,大多数女性计划工作和事业。
但即使在工作场合,表现出思维偏好也是有问题的。
主事或提出批评的女性可能被认为是专横跋扈的,)可推知,主要是社会期望使女性变成了感受者。
故选B。
10.推理判断题。
根据最后一段“BeingaFeelerdoesnotmeanthatyou'rearollercoasterofemotionswhomightknockoveratableatanymoment,nordoesbeingaThinkermeanthatyouareaninfalliblerobotdesignedtomakeheartlessdecisions.”(做一个感觉者并不意味着你是一个随时可能打翻桌子的情绪过山车,做一个思考者也不意味着你是一个绝对正确的机器人,被设计来做无情的决定。
)及“Andofcourse,people,whopreferaThinkingstylestillhavefeelings,andFeelerscanbeextremelyintelligent.”(当然,喜欢思考方式的人仍然有感觉,而“感觉者”可能非常聪明。
)可推知,个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。
故选A。
11.主旨大意题。
大多数人认为女人天生善良,爱哭,用心思考,而不是像男人那样动脑思考。
与此同时,男人被认为是天生的理性生物,天生知道如何领导和做数学。
然而,根据性格类型的统计数据显示,75.5%的女性是“感受者”,56.5%的男性是“思考者”。
可知,本文在探讨“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。
根据最后一段“BeingaFeelerdoesnotmeanthatyou'rearollercoasterofemotionswhomightknockoveratableatanymoment,nordoesbeingaThinkermeanthatyouareaninfalliblerobotdesignedtomakeheartlessdecisions.”做一个感觉者并不意味着你是一个随时可能打翻桌子的情绪过山车,做一个思考者也不意味着你是一个绝对正确的机器人,被设计来做无情的决定。
由此可知,人们通常认为女人天是感受者而男人天生是思考者,然而这并不是绝对的,个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。
所以短文的最佳标题为“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。
故选C。
二、(湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟)
Greenskiniscommoninsciencefiction,butwhatifgreenskinwerenotjustforaliens?
Ithumanshadgreenskin,whatifitgrantedustheabilitytoperformphotosynthesis(光合作用),whichplantsusetoliveoffofsunlight?
Let'sanalyzewhatsciencesaysaboutitandaskaward-winningscience-fictionauthorJohnScalziwhathethinks.
Plantscanliveoffofphotosynthesisbecausetheygrowbroad,flatleavestoharvestasmuchlightaspossible,Theyalsoneedlessenergybecausetheyarefarlessactivethananimals.
AccordingtoLindsayTurnbull,aplantecologistattheUniversityofOxford,iftheskinofawomanwerephotosyntheticlikealeaf,theamountofsurfaceareashehadwouldsatisfyonly1%ofherdailyenergyrequirementstosurvive.Foraphotosynthesizingwomantomeetherenergydemands,shewouldneedalotmoreskin-aboutatenniscourtsworth,Turnbullestimated.
Inaddition,photosynthesisrequirescarbondioxide.Plantshavepores(毛孔)thattheyusetosupplythegastotheircells.Ifphotosynthetichumanshadchloroplasts(叶绿体),theymightneedporousskintoletincarbondioxide,butsuchporesmightletotherthingsleakinorout-forinstance,moisture(水分)-inwaysthatmightproveharmfultothehumanbody.
Onemightwonderifphotosyntheticpeoplemightprefermovingtosunnyclimates.Althoughsuchpeoplemightreceiveasmallincreasefromphotosynthesisiftheymovedtoadesertarea,theywouldlikelybaseotherresourceissuestodealwith,suchasalackofwater.Scalzisaid.“There'salwaysgoingtobetrade-offs(平衡).”henoted.
Andwouldphotosynthetichumanspreferholeornoclothingtoabsorballthoserays?
Insomephotosyntheticsocieties,clothingmightbecomeasymboloftheelite-asigntheygetenoughenergyfromfoodanddonotneedphotosynthesis.Youcanimaginethemsaying."I'mrich,soIcancoverup."Scalzisaid.
SowouldScalziwantphotosyntheticskinforhimself?
"Probablynot.”hesaid.“Idon’tseethebenefitfromitbeingsogreatthatIwouldcompletelychangethewayI’dlooktobenefitfromit.”
32.Whycan'thumansliveoffofphotosynthesisaccordingtoLindsayTurnbull?
A.Becausewearelessactive.B.Becausewewearclothes.
C.Becausewedon’thavegreenskin.D.Becauseourskinareaisnotlargeenough.
33.Ifphotosynthetichumanshadpores,whatwouldbethedisadvantage?
A.TheywouldabsorbtoomuchCO2.
B.Theywouldreleasesomeusefulsubstances.
C.Theywouldbetoosmallforhumanbeings.
D.Theywouldkeepgasesfromenteringthehumanbody.
34.WhatmightbethereasonwhyScalzisaysnotophotosyntheticskinforhimself?
A.Hewastooconservativetoacceptthat.
B.Hewouldn'tliketomovetosunnyclimates.
C.Hebelievedthereweremorerisksthanbenefits.
D.Hethoughtclothingwassimplyasymbolofupperclass.
35.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?
A.Byprovidingresearchresults.B.Bydescribingaprocess.
C.Bymakingclassifications.D.Byfollowingthetimeorder.
【答案】
32.D
33.B
34.C
35.A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。
主要讨论了人类能不能够依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
32.推理判断题。
根据文章第四段中“Foraphotosynthesizingwomantomeetherenergydemands,shewouldneedalotmoreskin-aboutatenniscourt’sworth,Turnbullestimated.”(Turnbull估计,要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求,她需要的皮肤要多得多——大约相当于网球场的价值。
)可知,LindsayTurnbull指出,人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。
故选D项。
33.推理判断题。
根据文章第五段中“Ifphotosynthetichumanshadchloroplasts(叶绿体),theymightneedporousskintoletincarbondioxide,butsuchporesmightletotherthingsleakinorout-forinstance,moisture(水分)-inwaysthatmightproveharmfultothehumanbody.”(如果光合人类有叶绿体,他们可能需要多孔的皮肤来吸收二氧化碳,但是这些毛孔可能会使其他东西渗入或渗出,例如水分,这可能对人体有害。
)可知,如果光合作用的人类有毛孔,缺点是会释放有用的物质。
故选B项。
34.推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段中Scalzi所说的话“Idon’tseethebenefitfromitbeingsogreatthatIwouldcompletelychangethewayI’dlooktobenefitfromit.”(我不认为它带来的好处如此之大,以至于我将完全改变我从中受益的方式。
)可知,Scalzi拒绝光合作用皮肤的原因是因为风险比益处大得多。
故选C项。
35.推理判断题。
根据第四段中“AccordingtoLindsayTurnbull.aplantecologistattheUniversityofOxford,iftheskinofawomanwerephotosyntheticlikealeaf.theamountofsurfaceareashehadwouldsatisfyonly1%ofherdailyenergyrequirementstosurvive.Foraphotosynthesizingwomantomeetherenergydemands,shewouldneedalotmoreskin-aboutatenniscourtsworth.Turnbullestimated.”(根据LindsayTurnbull的说法。
牛津大学的植物生态学家,如果女人的皮肤像叶子一样是光合作用的。
她的表面积仅能满足她每天生存所需能量的1%。
一个光合作用的女人要满足她的能量需求,她将需要更多的皮肤。
)并结合全文理解可知,本文通过分析一些研究结果来解答人类依靠皮肤光合作用的可行性。
故选A项。
三、(江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调)
“It’sabighammertocrackanut.”Thisishowoneangryparentdescribedtherecentcrackdown(严厉的打击)byLondonpoliceonparentswhodroptheirkidsoffatschoolbycar.Yes,youreadthatcorrectly—theverymodeoftransportationthatmanyAmericanschoolsinsististheonlysafewaytodeliverkidstoschoolisnowconsideredillegalintheUK.
ThedecisiontofineanyvehiclesseendroppingofforpickingupkidswithinaparticularzoneofeastLondoncomesfromcitycouncillors’(议员)long-termeffortstomaketheareasaferandlesscrowded.Theysaythey’vebeentryingforyears“toencourage
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