上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试题360度全方位解析已经校对.docx
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上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试题360度全方位解析已经校对.docx
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上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试题360度全方位解析已经校对
2016学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷
高三英语一模试题2016.12
SectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
Pleasemindthesilence
Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTube地铁inLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Anunwrittenruleencouragingsilence,mixedwithclassicBritishreserve,meansthat(21)eventhough/ifyou’repackedintoanenclosedspacewithhundredsofotherpeople,themorningcommute(上下班)canleaveyoufeelingsomewhatisolated.21题思路路线:
meansthat后面的宾语从句出现两个句子:
you’repacked....和themorningcommute.....中间没有并列连词,说明一定是主从句,并且一定不是定语从句,从空格的位置可以看出来。
所以一定是状语从句。
考查从属连词。
由两个句子的意思可以看出来,前后相背,需要让步连词,两个词一定是eventhough/if.
OneLondonresident,however,istryingtochangethis.
“YougetontheTubehereandifscompletelysilentandifsweird,"saysJonathanDunne,42,
anAmericanlivinginLondon,whohas,ironically具有讽刺意味的,started(22)aworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges(徽章)withtheslogan标语,口号“Tubechat?
”lastmonth,encouragingcommutersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.“Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhourinacityof8million,expectingmanyrefusalsandmostofthem(23)tobethrown(throw)away,butafterabout24hoursitcompletelysnowballed,”hesays.
23题第一种思路:
第一步看清handedout是句子谓语动词,expecting就是非谓语动词作状语。
第二步throw作expecting的宾语manyrefusalsandmostofthem的补足语,推出throw是非谓语动词。
第三步非谓语动词做宾补,三种形式都可以,其中只有不定式表目的和将来,由expect的词义:
渴望,说明用不定式。
第四步看throw和宾语manyrefusalsand...的关系,是被动的,所以为不定式的被动形式:
tobedone.
第二种思路:
知道expect的用法中有一个是:
expectsb/sthtodosth.确定用不定式,然后根据意思确定不定式被动形式。
Dunneandhis“Tubechat”campaign活动(24)havefeatured.(feature)inmediaacrossthe
worldeversince,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrazilandtheUK,aswellascountlesswebsite,
newspaperandmagazineappearances.
24题答案是本处原文出处为havesincefeatured,其中since为副词:
后来。
进入一模题后,将原
文since处置在后面变成eversince“从那时到现在”句子中有eversince,主句通常用现在完成时。
feature在此作为不及物动词,表示“作为主要角色,是...的重要组成,主演”。
本句译为:
邓恩和
他的“地铁聊”活动成为世界各地的媒体纷纷报道的内容,如瑞典...
AlthoughDunnesayshe’sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhis
sentiment感觉,感情,观点,想法.LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignof(25)his【源自词组:
介词+one’s+own】own,handingout500badgeswiththewords“Don’teventhinkaboutit还是别痴心妄想了”onthem.“I(26)can【后面stand谓语动词为原形,考虑情态动词】hardlystandtheideaofhavingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywaytowork,”hetoldtheBBC.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.“BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoand(27)from【前面to为介词,后面有and,说明并列的是介词】work.Itdoesn’tneedtobespoiled破坏,溺爱,掠夺bypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou,”hesays.WhileLondonhasitsseeminglyantisocialsetofregulationstofollow,noteverywherelacksasenseofcommunity.
虽然伦敦的规矩似乎有些抵触社交,但不是所有地方都缺乏社区意识。
DoesDunnehopethatsomeofthiscommunityspirit(28)willbemirrored【将来时是由hope词义和后面的intheUKfollowinghiscampaign推出来的】(mirrorv反射,反映)intheUKfollowinghiscampaign?
【译:
在他的活动后,英国能够效仿这种精神吗?
】“PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,(29)whichIdon’t,butit’sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,”【译:
人们认为我只是过去和陌生人聊天,但其实并不是这样。
这是一种很棒的方式,能让我遇见很多以前根本不会交谈的人】hesays.“OnMonday,Oct10,thecurator(馆长)oftheLondonTransportMuseumhadmeoverfortea.”【译:
在周一,10月10日,伦敦运输博物馆的馆长还邀请我前去喝茶。
】
Soifyoueverendup(30)using【介词后面用动名词。
原因是因为语法中规定介词后接名词或代词,如果遇到动词,要+ing,变成名词】(use)publictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?
Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.
endup到头来,结束,最终【译:
所以,如果有一天你在西方搭乘公交,
何不向你身边的人问声好呢?
但首先要确定,那人带着一个徽章。
】
SectionB
Directions:
Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.overtook
B.promising
C.likelihood
D.ridiculous
E.sharedF.controlled
Gbeliefs
H.reasonable
I.trend
J.tracked
K.demonstrated
overtookv.赶上,压倒,超过likelihoodn.可能,可能性ridiculousadj.可笑的,荒谬的beliefn.相信,信赖,信仰reasonableadj.合理的,通情达理的
trackv.追踪n.轨道,足迹demonstrated证明,展示,论证
Theriseinstoriesdescribingeventsthatneverhappened,ofteninvolvingfakepeopleinfakeplaces,hasledtoFacebookandGoogle’s(31)Bpromising【首先此处在名词所有格后面,应该是名词,注意考虑名词时,动名词不要漏掉】todealwiththem.Butarewereallysoeasytofool?
Accordingtoseveralstudies,theanswerisyes:
eventhemostobviousfakenewsstartstobecomebelievableifit’s(32)Eshared【此处首先要看出it是指代news,从时态来看,’s应该是is的缩写。
由后面的enoughtimes可是推出一定不是形容词,而是动词+ed的被动形式,然后根据意思选择一个过去分词】enoughtimes.
Inthemonthsrunningupto跑到,达到,积累到theUSelectiontherewasasurge(大浪)infakenews.AccordingtoananalysisbyCraigSilverman,ajournalist,duringthistimethetop20fakestories【词组:
thetopstory头条】incirculation(33)Aovertook【此处缺谓语动词,从上句时态来看是一般过去时,再由前面的stories,可以看出是两类头条之间的对比】thetop20storiesfrom19mainstreampublishers.
PaulHorner,acreativepublisheroffakenews,hassaidhebelievesDonaldTrumpwaselectedbecauseofhim.“Mysites网站werepickedupbyTrumpsupportersallthetime…Hisfollowers追随者don’tfact-checkanything-they’llposteverything,believeanything,”hetoldtheWashingtonPost.华盛顿邮报
Silvermanpreviously(34)Jtracked【由后面的andfound可以看出此处为动词一般过去时,并列句中的动词有并列和递进两种关系,结合found的意思找出tracked】rumourscirculatingonlinein2014andfoundthatsharesandsocialinteractionsaroundfakenewsarticlesdwarfed(使...相形见绌)thoseofthearticlesthatexposedthem.【译:
对假消息的分享和社会互动胜过对揭露假消息文章的分享和社会互动。
】AccordingtoSilverman,fakenewsstoriesareengineered设计,策划,精明处理toappealto引起...;要求;呼吁;向...上诉people’shopesandfears,andaren’t(35)Fcontrolled【首先看清本句是and引导并列句,结构一致,由areengineered推出此处为过去分词,再结合并列递进关系根据意思推出controlled】byreality,whichgivesthemtheedge优势;边缘increatingshareablecontent.
Youmightthinkyou’reimmune免疫的tofallingfortheselies,butawealthof很多的,大量的(修饰可数或不可数名词)researchdisagrees.Backinthe1940s,researchersfoundthat“themorearumouristold,themore(36)Hreasonable合理的,有道理的【此处由系动词sounds可知,为形容词,再结合前句,最终确定为reasonable】itsounds”.Theysuggested认为;建议;暗示thismeansthatarumourbornout源于ofmildsuspicion不过分的怀疑;半信半疑的can,bygainingcurrency流通;货币,shiftpublicthinkingandopinion.
【整段翻译:
你可能认为你对陷入这些谎言欺骗具有免疫力,但是大量的研究证明你是错的。
在十九世纪四十年代,研究人员发现流言传播的越多,听起来越合理。
他们认为这意味着源于半信半疑的流言通过流转能够转变大众的想法和观点。
】
Thisfalseimpressionoftruthwas(37)Kdemonstrated论证【此处有两种可能,一是动词的被动,一是形容词。
由when后面的意思来确定最终的demonstrated.】practicallyin1977whenresearchersintheUSquizzed进行测验collegestudentsontheactuality事实ofstatementsthattheyweretoldmaybetrueorfalse.Theresearchersfoundthatsimplyrepeatingthestatementsatalaterdatewasenoughtoincreasethe(38)Clikelihood可能性【确定下是名词,再根据of后面的意思来确定likelihood】ofthestudentsbelievingthem.
Lastyear,LisaFazioatVanderbiltUniversityinTennesseeandherteamfoundthatstudentsbecomemorelikely副词,很可能tobelieveastatementthattheyknowmustbefalseifitisrepeated.“Ourresearchsuggeststhatfalsenewscanandlikelydoesaffectpeople’s(39)Gbeliefs信念【名词所有格后面应该是名词,再根据people’s这个定语人们所有的,来确定下beliefs】.Evenifpeopleareconscious意识到的thataheadlineisfalse,readingitmultipletimeswillmakeitseemmoretrustworthy可靠的,可信赖的,”Faziosays.
Reassuringly安慰地,令人安慰地,theteamfoundthataperson’sknowledgestillhasalargeinfluenceovertheirbeliefs,butit’sstillaworrying(40)Itrend趋势【由前面冠词推出此处为名词,并且是单词,再在名词中根据意思确定下来】giventhat假定;考虑到falsehoods说慌;假话appearrepeatedlyinournewsfeeds新闻供应everyday.
II.ReadingComprehensionSectionA
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearcfourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Twokeyclimatechangeindicators指标,指示物—globalsurfacetemperaturesandArcticseaiceextent范围,程度—havebrokennumerousrecordsthroughthefirsthalfof2016,accordingtoNASA美国宇航局analysesofground-based陆基的;以地面为基础的observationsandsatellitedata.Eachofthefirstsixmonthsof2016setarecordasthewarmest(41)Brespective单独的,各自的【此处是由前面each来决定出来的】monthgloballyinthemoderntemperaturerecord,which(42)Cdatesbackto追溯到【此处由后面的宾语1880年份推出来的】1880,accordingtoscientistsatNASA'sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudies(GISS)inNewYork.Thesix-monthperiodfromJanuarytoJunewasalsotheplanet'swarmesthalf-yearonrecord,witha(n)(43)Aaverage平均的【因为是6个月中取值,一定是平均值】temperature1.3degreesCelsius(2.4degreesFahrenheit)warmerthanthelatenineteenthcentury.
Fiveofthefirstsixmonthsof2016also(44)Bwitness见证【主语是时间,根据四个选项与主语的搭配,确定witness.】thesmallestrespectivemonthlyArcticseaice(45)Dextent定期的,有规律的【此处在文章第二行早有出现过iceextent】sinceregularsatelliterecordsbeganin1979,accordingtoanalysesdevelopedbyscientistsatNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,inGreenbelt,Maryland.Theone(46)_Dexception例外_【前面都在说最高级,本句出现thesecondsmallest,最终确定下exception】___,March,recordedthesecondsmallestforthatmonth.
(47)Awhile尽管,虽然【由后一句的more读出是让步状语从句】thesetwokeyclimateindicatorshavebrokenrecordsin2016,NASAscientistssaiditismoresignificantthatglobaltemperatureandArcticseaicearecontinuingtheirdecades-longtrendsofchange.Bothtrendsareultimatelydrivenbyrising(48)Cconcentrations浓度,集中,浓缩,专注【此处既是rise提高的宾语,又是后面气体修饰的中心词,根据意思推出concentrations】ofheat-trapping吸收热量的carbondioxide二氧化碳andothergreenhousegases温室气体intheatmosphere.
TheextentofArcticseaiceatthepeakofthesummermeltseason酷热的夏季nowtypically(49)Bcovers覆盖【由后面的百分比推出covers】40percentlessareathanitdidinthelate
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