On Jane Austens Views of Marriage in Sense and Sensibility论简.docx
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On Jane Austens Views of Marriage in Sense and Sensibility论简.docx
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OnJaneAustensViewsofMarriageinSenseandSensibility论简
论简•奥斯汀在《理智与情感》中的婚姻观
OnJaneAusten’sViewsofMarriageinSenseandSensibility
Acknowledgements
Iwouldliketothankallthosewhohavegivenmetheirgeneroushelp,commitmentandenthusiasm,whichhavebeenthemajordrivingforcetocompletethecurrentpaper.
Mydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttomysupervisor,forherconstantencouragementandguidance.Shehaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisthesis.
Also,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhohavegivenmehelpduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.
摘要
简•奥斯汀(1775-1817)是英国文学史上杰出的现实主义小说家。
其中,奥斯汀出版的第一部小说——《理智与情感》,属于奥斯汀最富于幽默情趣的作品之一。
在这部小说中,奥斯汀生动地描写了现实与理想、理智与情感之间的冲突。
她始终强调,在婚姻和爱情上,人们只有谨慎从事,才会得到幸福,或者至少是成功;感情用事,往往只会带来痛苦,而不会有理想的结果。
本文透过《理智与情感》创作的时代背景,并结合奥斯汀本人的经历,把文章共分为了六个部分。
第一部分是对作者和有关小说的当前研究作了简短的介绍;第二部分是对《理智与情感》的社会历史分析;第三部分描写了奥斯汀及小说中不同人物表达的婚姻观;第四部分探讨了奥斯汀婚姻观形成的社会及个人原因;第五部分是《理智与情感》中婚姻观的现实意义即一定的局限性;最后一部分是对整篇文章的总结。
关键词:
奥斯汀;婚姻;理智;情感
Abstract
JaneAusten(1775-1817)wasanoutstandingnovelistofrealisminthehistoryofEnglishliteratureinnineteenth-century.SenseandSensibility,thefirstnovelshepublished,isoneofhermosthumorousworksrichinfun.Inthiswork,Austenhasshownvividlytheconflictbetweenrealityandideals,senseandsensibility.Shehasstressedthatinthefieldofmarriageandlove,peoplewhoonlyactwithprudence,willbehappy,oratleastsucceed;beingemotionalwillcausepain,ratherthanleadtothedesiredresults.
Thewholethesisconsistsofsixparts,basedonthebackgroundoftimewhentheauthorcreatedSenseandSensibility,andcombinedwithAusten’sownexperiences.Thefirstpartwillgiveabriefintroductionoftheauthor,andsomeresearchesonthenovelfromdifferentaspects.AndthesecondpartisgoingtogiveasociohistoricalanalysisofSenseandSensibility.Inthethirdpart,viewsofmarriageinthenovel,bothdifferentcharacters’andtheauthor’swillbefurtherdiscussedandthefourthpartwilldigintotherootcausesofAustin’sviewsofmarriage.Thenthefifthpartistotalkaboutthetopic’ssignificanceandalsosomelimitationsintherealsociety.Andsumupthewholepaperinthelastpart.
KeyWords:
Austen;marriage;sense;sensibility
TableofContents
AcknowledgementsI
摘要II
AbstractIII
TableofContentsIV
Introduction4
PartOneASociohistoricalAnalysisofSenseandSensibility4
1.1ShortSummaryofSenseandSensibility4
1.2SenseandSensibility’sSocialBackground4
PartTwoViewsofMarriageinSenseandSensibility4
2.1DifferentCharacters’ViewsofMarriageinSenseandSensibility4
2.2Austen’sViewsofMarriageinSenseandSensibility4
PartThreeReasonsforAusten’sViewsofMarriage4
3.1SocialReason4
3.2IndividualReason4
PartFourSignificanceofViewsofMarriageExpressedbyAusteninSenseandSensibility4
4.1RealisticSignificance4
4.1.1MarriageBasedonMorality4
4.1.2Women’sPrudence4
4.1.3SignificanceofMoneyonMarriage4
4.2LimitationofAusten’sViewsofMarriage4
4.2.1Austen’sConservativeViewsofMarriage4
4.2.2WomenWithoutCareer4
Conclusion4
WorksCited4
Introduction
JaneAusten(1775--1818)wasoneofthegreatestandbestlovednovelistsinEnglishliterature.Inherbriefbutbrilliant42-yearcareer,shehascreatedsixnovels:
PrideandPrejudice,SenseandSensibility,NorthangerAbbey,MansfieldPark,EmmaandPersuasion.Thesesixnovelsareallaboutloveandmarriage.
SenseandSensibilitywaspublishedin1811,whichwasthefirstpublishednovelandoneoftherepresentativenovelstoshowAusten’sviewonmarriage.ThestoryrevolvedaroundtheDashwoodsisters,ElinorandMarianne.Elinorissensibleandrational,whileMarianneisromanticandemotional.Thesistershavemetalotofdifficultiesonmarriage.Finally,theybothhaveahappyandsuccessfulmarriage.
Manypeoplehavedonesomeresearchesonthenovelfromdifferentaspects.Forexample,ZhouQingsaidthatSenseandSensibilitywasthemosttypicalnovelthatrevealedAusten’spointofviewonmarriageandhadrealisticmeaninginmoderntimes(80).LiuXiamintalkedaboutthedifferentcharactersoftheDashwoodsisterswhenanalyzingtheartofcharacterizationinSenseandSensibility.ElinorrepresentedgoodsensewhileMariannerepresentedsensibility,buttheycouldgetalongwellwitheachother(79).WangXinchunandKangChunyanhavefocusedonanalyzingMarianne’scharacterchangingfromsensibilityandemotiontogoodsenseandrealism,becauseofElinor’sinfluenceandherownsuffering(110).
Besides,somepeoplehavedonesomeresearchesonAusten’sviewsofmarriageinothernovels.Forinstance,YangYuehasanalyzedAusten’sviewsofmarriageinPrideandPrejudice
(1).JieJingdongheldtheopinionthatthreefactorsplayedanimportantpartinAusten’sviewonmarriageinPrideandPrejudice:
marriageneededenoughmoneytoaffordeverydaylife;theequalityinsocialstatuswouldmakethemarriagemorepossible;goodmannersandconsideredmannerswereimportantinconditioningamarriage(186).
However,fewpeoplehavedirectlytalkedaboutviewsofmarriageAustenexpressedinSenseandSensibility.ThepaperfocusesonAusten’sviewsonmarriageinSenseandSensibilitythroughanalyzingDashwoodsisters’complicatedmarriages,anddescribingthereasonsleadingtoAusten’ssuchviewsofmarriage,inorderthatpeoplecanknowmoreaboutthisnovelandmarriage.
PartOneASociohistoricalAnalysisofSenseandSensibility
1.1ShortSummaryofSenseandSensibility
Nineteen-year-oldElinorandseventeen-year-oldMarianneDashwoodaresisters,oneprudent,theotherromantic.Onthedeathoftheirfathertheyareleftwithlittlemoneyorstatus,andmovewiththeirmotherandyoungestsistertoahumblecottageontheDevonshireestateofarichrelation,SirJohnMiddleton.HereMarianneissoonsweptoffherfeetbythehandsome,dashingWilloughby,whileElinorquietlynursesherpreferenceforEdwardFerrars,asensiblebutstrangelymelancholicyoungmanwhoseaffectionstowardsherselfisquietandunassuming,soitmakesherstruggletounderstand.MeanwhileColonelBrandon,aseriousmanofthirty-five,isevidentlymuchattractedtoMarianne,thoughhisgravemannercannotcompetewithWilloughby’scharm.Thingsgowrongforbothsisterswhenself-servingLucySteeleconfidesinElinorthatshehasbeensecretlyengagedtoEdwardforfouryears,andWilloughbysuddenlyleavestheneighbourhoodwithoutexplanation.Theconductofthesistersiscontrasted,ElinorkeepinghermiserytoherselfwhileMarianneindulgingherselfinstronggriefandyeantoWilloughby.ThenthescenemovestoLondon,wherethesistersareguestsofMrs.Jennings,thevulgarbutkindlymother-in-lawofSirJohn.InthehighlyartificialworldofLondonsociety,Marianne’sopenpursuitofWilloughbycanonlyleadtomoreheartbreakforherselfashespurnsherandbecomesengagedtoanheiress.Lucy’ssisterNancybetrayshersecret,whereuponEdward’ssnobbish,domineeringmothercutsoffhisallowanceandhedecidestobecomeordained.ColonelBrandonkindlyoffershimamodestlivingonhisestate,Delaford,inDorset.AsthisisnotsmartenoughforLucy,sherapidlytransfersheraffectionstoEdward’sbrotherRobertandpersuadeshimtoelope.Meanwhile,stayingwithMrs.Jennings’marrieddaughterinSomersetonthewaybacktoDevon,Mariannefallsseriouslyillthroughself-neglect.ColonelBrandonridesofftocollectMrs.Dashwood,andWilloughby,nowamarriedman,makesacontriteappearance.EdwardisnowfreetoproposetohistrueloveElinor,andbeforetoolongarecoveredandchastenedMarianne,despiteherearlierscornforsecondattachments,freelyagreestobecomethewifeoftheworthyColonelBrandon.
1.2SenseandSensibility’sSocialBackground
JaneAustensetSenseandSensibilityinthetimeoftheendofeighteenthcenturyandthefirstdecadeofthenineteenthcentury,whichisalsothetransitiontimefromrationalismtoromanticisminEnglishliterature.Soherthoughtisdeeplyinfluencedbythethoughtsinthe18thcenturyinmanyaspects,andchallengedinthe19thcentury.InAusten’sworks,theconflictbetween“reason”and“emotion”istheeternalandcontradictoryunifyingtheme.Inherearlyworks,sheunderlinesthepowerofreason,suchasthecontradictionbetweenElinorandMarianne.Inherlaterworks,itistheromancethatbringstheheroinestremendousvitalityanddistinctivepersonality,suchasthecontradictorycharacterbetweenElizabethinPrideandPrejudizeandAnneinPersuasion.TheseallreflectAusten’scomplexandcontradictorypsychologyinthetransitiontimeofBritain.
MostthingsAustendescribesinhernovelsarefamiliarscenesoflife:
thedanceamongupperclasses,tourismandleisureactivitiesinsidethelivingroom,aswellasgossipamongthosemarriedwomen(Gillie135).However,suchdepictionoftrivialthingsinlifeprofoundlyreflectssocialrealityatthattime,anditisjustthoseordinarythingsthatshowherexcellentwritingskills.Austenalwaysemphasizestheimportanceofsocialandeconomicrelationsonthemaritalproblem,andhermostconcernedthingsisabouthowtohelptheheroineinhernovelstofindadesirablehusband.
InthepatriarchalsocietywhenAustenlived,theownershipofthepropertydeterminedaperson’svalue,whilethepropertywasonlyformaleheirs,sofromthebeginningwomenwereatadisadvantageedge,onlysubordinatetomen.Besides,Womenwerefrequentlyignoredbymen.Theyweretrea
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