TOEFL 真题2.docx
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TOEFL 真题2.docx
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TOEFL真题2
TOEFL2004年1月真题2
16.Theworld'swaterbalanceisregulatedbytheconstantcirculationofwaterin
ABC
Liquidandvaportomamongtheoceans,theatmospheric,andtheland.
D
17.ThemajorpurposeoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofEducationaretoensure
A
equaleducationalopportunityforallandtoimprovethequalityofeducation.
BCD
18.Massivegainsincomputerspeed,power,andreliablyhavebeenlargelydue
ABC
toadvancesinsilicontec~logicsandmanufacturingprocesses.
D
19.Thesunflower,theofficialstateflowerofKansas,andiswidespreadin
AB
theprairiesofthewesternUnitedStates.
CD
20.LakeSuperior,partoftheUnitedStates-Canadianboundary,isalargest
ABC
freshwaterlakeintheworld.
D
21.Thesnapper,alarge-headedfishwithalongdorsalfin,isnamedtoits
AB
characteristicwayofsuddenly,shuttingitsmouth.
CD
22.Theaimofthedecorativeartsistobeautifuloursurroundings.
ABCD
23.Moderndigitalsynthesizers,basedonmicroprocessors,arevirtuallyunlimited
AB
inthenumberandrangeofmusicalsoundsitcanproduce.
CD
24.Duringtheyearshecomposed,CharlesIveswasisolationfromthemusicworld;
AB
noneofhismajorworkswaspubliclyperformed.
CD
25.Psychoanalysisisaformoftherapythatattemptstoeliminateconflictbyalterthe
ABC
personalityinapositiveway.
D
26.Globally,the1990'sstoodoutasthewarmestdecadeforwhatwehaveweatherrecords.
ABCD
27.Siliconchipsarereliableandcheaptoproduceinlargenumbersandare
A
usedthemincomputers,calculators,programmedhouseholdappliances,and
BC
mostelectronicapplications.
D
28.Becauseitspitchcannoteasilybealtered,theoboeservesasthestandard
AB
whichbythesymphonyorchestraistuned.
CD
29.Bursaearefluid-filledsacsthatformcushionsbetweentendonsandbonesand
ABC
protectthemwhilemovement.
D
30.In1916,UnitedStatessuffragistAlicePaulfoundedtheNationalWoman,sPatty,
A
apoliticalpartydedicatetoestablishingequalrightsforwomen.
BCD
31.Thespicecinnamonandthedrugscascaraandquinineallcomefrombark,the
A
protectiveoutlayerofstemsandrootsofwoodyplants.
BCD
32.Tunasmigratelongdistancesoveralltheworld'soceansandoccupytropical,
ABC
temperate,andevensomethecoolerwaters.
D
33.Tastebuds,smallsensoryorganlocatedonthetongueandpalate,recognizefour
AB
primarytastes:
sweet,sour,saltyandbitter.
CD
34.Astronautsreceiveextensivetrainingtopreparethemselvesbothphysicallyand
ABC
psychologicallyforcomplexityandrigorofaspacemission.
D
35.By1900severalprominenttechnicalinstitutions,includingtheMassachusetts
A
InstituteofTechnology,fashioneditsowneducationalofferingstomeetthe
BC
industrialneedsoftheUnitedStates.
D
36.Someoftheearliestmechanicaldevicesweredesignedtoraisewaterfrom
ABC
streamsfortheirrigateofcrops.
D
37.TheLouisianaPurchaseof1803increasedtheterritoryoftheUnitedStatesby
A
approximate846,000squaremiles,practicallydoublingtheareaoftheUnitedStates.
BCD
38.Amostusefultoolforanalyzingtheelementalcompositionoffossilsisthe
ABC
electronprobe,amodifyelectronmicroscope.
D
39.FewsubstanceonEarthequalthebeautyofgemstonessuchastwinkling
ABC
diamonds,greenemeralds,redrubies,bluesapphires,andmulticoloredopals.
D
40.Forthepurposesofthefineanddecorativearts,metalshavebeenusedeitherin
ABC
theirsimplestateandinuncomplicatedalloys.
D
SectionThree:
ReadingComprehension
Question1-10
After1785,theproductionofchildren'sbooksintheUntiedStatesincreasedbut
remainedlargelyreprintsofBritishbooks,oftenthosepublishedbyJohnNewbery,the
firstpublishertoproducebooksaimedprimarilyatdivertingachildaudience.Ultimate]y,
Linehowever,itwasnotthecheerful,commercial-mindedNewhery,butAnglo-Irishauthor
5MariaEdgeworthwhohadthestrongestinfluenceonthisperiodofAmericanchildren's
literature.Theeighteenthcenturyhadseenagradualshiftawayfromthespiritualintensity
ofearlierAmericanreligiouswritingsforchildren,towardamoregeneralizedmoralism.
Newberynotwithstanding,Americansstilllookedonchildren'sbooksasvehiclesfor
instruction,notamusement,thoughtheywouldacceptamoderateamountoffictional
10entertainmentforthesakeofmoresuccessfulinstruction.Asthechildren'sbookmarket
expanded,then,whatbothpublicandpublisherswantedwasthekindoffictionMaria
Edgeworthwrote:
storiesinterestingenoughtoattractchildrenandmorallyinstructive
enoughtoallayadultdistrustoffiction,
AmericanreactionagainstimportedbooksforchildrensetinaftertheWarof1812
15withtheBritish.Awaveofnationalismpermeatedeverything,andtheself-consciousnew
nationfoundforeignwritings(particularlythosefromtheBritishmonarchy)unsuitablefor
thechildrenofademocraticrepublic,aslateofself-governing,equalcitizens.Publishers
ofchildren'sbooksbegantoencourageAmericanwriterstowriteforAmericanchildren.
Whentheyresponded,thepatternestablishedbyMariaEdgeworthwasathand,attractive
20tomostofthemforbothitsrationalismanditshighmoraltone.Earlyinthe1820's,
storiesofwillfulchildrenlearningtoobey,ofcarelesschildrenlearningtotakecare,
ofselfishchildrenlearningto"tireforothers,"startedtoflowfromAmericanpresses,
successfullyachievingEdgeworth'stone,thoughrarelyherlivelystyle.Imitativeas
theywere,theseearlyAmericanstoriesweequitedistinguishablefromtheirBritish
25counterparts.Fewservantsappearedinthem,andifclassdistinctionshadbynomeans
disappeared,therewasmuchdemocraticinsistenceontheworthinessofeverylevelof
birthandwork.Thecharactersofchildreninthisfictionwereserious,conscientious.
self-reflective,andindependent-testimonytothecontinuinginfluenceoftheearlier
Americanmoralistictraditioninchildren'sbooks.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)ThecareerofMariaEdgeworthasanauthorofchildren'sbooks
(B)Thedevelopmentofchildren'sliteratureintheUnitedStates
(C)Successfulpublishersofchildren'sbooksinBritainandNorthAmerica
(D)BasicdifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanliteratureforchildren
2.ThepublisherJohnNewberyisprincipallyknownforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
(A)HeproducedandsoldbookswrittenbyMariaEdgeworth.
(B)HehadmoreinfluenceonAmericanchildren'sliteraturethananyotherpublisher.
(C)Hepublishedbooksaimedamusingchildrenratherthaninstructingthem.
(D)Hewascommerciallymindedandcheerful.
3.Theword"notwithstanding"inline8isclosestinmeaningto
(A)inspiteof
(B)inadditionto
(C)asaresultof
(D)asapartof
4.Theword"they"inline9refersto
(A)children
(B)Americans
(C)books
(D)vehicles
5.Theword"allay"inline13isclosestinmeaningto
(A)clarify
(B)attack
(C)reduce
(D)confirm
6:
ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAmericanchildren'sbookssoldbefore1785werealmostalways
(A)writtenbyMariaEdgeworth
(B)attractiveandinterestingtochildren
(C)writtenbyAmericanauthors
(D)intendedonlyforreligiousandmoralinstruction
7.Bytheendoftheeighteenthcentury,thepublishersofchildren’slooksintheUnitedStatesweremostconcernedaboutwhichofthefollowing?
(A)Attractingchildrenwithentertainingstoriesthatprovidedlessonsofcorrectbehavior
(B)Publishingliteratureconsistingofexcitingstoriesthatwouldappealtobothchildrenandadults
(C)ExpandingmarketsforbooksinbothBritainandtheUnitedStates
(D)Reprintingfictionalbooksfromearlierinthecentury
8.Theword"permeated"inline15
(A)opposed
(B)improved
(C)competedwith
(D)spreadthrough
9.Accordingtothepassage,Americanchildren'sstoriesdifferedfromtheirBritishequivalentsinthatthecharactersinAmericanstorieswere
(A)childrenwhoshowedachangeofbehavior
(B)childrenwhowerewellbehaved
(C)rarelyservants
(D)generallynotfromavarietyofsocialclasses
10.Theword"testimonyto"inline28isclosestinmeaningto
(A)inspirationfor
(B)evidenceof
(C)requirementfor
(D)developmentof
Question11-21
Lichens.probablythehardiestofallplants,livewherevirtuallynothingelsecan---not
justonruggedmountainpeaksbutalsoonsunbakeddesertrocks.Theyareusuallythe
firstlifetoappearonamountainsidethathasbeenscrapedbarebyanavalanche.
LineUnlikeothermembersoftheplantkingdom,lichensareactuallyapartnershipbetween
5twoplants.Theframeworkofalichenisusuallyanetworkofminutehairlikefungusthat
anchorstheplant,Theothercomponentisanalga(similartothegreenfilmofplantlife
thatgrowsonstagnantpools)thatisdistributedthroughoutthefungus.Beinggreenplants,
algaearecapableofphotosynthesis--thatis,usingenergyfromtheSuntomanufacture
theirownfood.Thefungiarcbelievedtosupplywater,minerals,andphysicalsupportto
10thepartnership.
Lichensarefamousfortheirabilitytosurvive~watershortage.Whenwaterisscarce
(asisoftenthecaseonamountain),lichensmaybecomedormantandremaininthat
conditionforprolongedperiodsoftime.Somelichenscanevengrowwherethereisno
rainatall,survivingononlyoccasionaldew--themoisturethatcondensesonthesurface
15oftheplantsatnight,Andunlikemostotherplants,lichensarelittleaffectedbythestrong
ultravioletraysinthem
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