本科毕业论文当前广州外贸出口存在的问题及对策教育学学士.docx
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本科毕业论文当前广州外贸出口存在的问题及对策教育学学士.docx
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本科毕业论文当前广州外贸出口存在的问题及对策教育学学士
Abstract
TheworldeconomiccrisishasseriousinfluenceontheChineseeconomy,especiallyonitsexports.ThispaperstartsfromthecurrentsituationofforeigntradeinGuangzhou,andfocusingontheimpactoftheworldeconomiccrisisonGuangzhou’sforeigntradeandaboutpoliciesandstrategiestosolvethepresentproblemsofforeigntradeadoptedbyGuangzhougovernment.Withthegradualimprovementofworldeconomiccrisis,economicdevelopmentinourcountryisgettingbetterandbetter.Inordertosolveitsproblemsinforeigntrade,Guangzhougovernmenthasadoptedsomeeffectivepoliciesandstrategiesandtheresultisgood.Furthermore,withthebetterdevelopmentofrelativepoliciesandstrategiestobefurtherimplemented,Guangzhouwillcompletelysolvethepresentproblemsofforeigntrade.
Undoubtedly,Guangzhouwillgooutofdifficultiesofpresentforeigntrade.WehavethereasonstobelieveGuangzhouwillbecomeoneofthetopcitiesforforeigntradeandwillmakemorecontributiontotheeconomicaldevelopmentofourcountry.
Keywords:
Guangzhou;foreigntrade;financialcrisis;problems;strategies
中文摘要
世界经济危机对中国经济造成了严重的影响,特别是对外贸出口造成了不利的影响更大,本文从当前广州外贸出口情况入手,重点介绍世界经济危机对广州对外贸易的影响以及广州市政府为解决这些问题所制定的方针和策略。
随着世界经济危机的逐渐好转,我国的经济发展越来越好,在这种大好形势中广州市政府正在贯彻执行一系列行之有效的方针政策解决目前广州外贸中存在的问题,效果越来越好。
随着这些方针与策略的进一步全面落实,广州将逐步解决目前外贸出口中存在的问题。
毫无疑问,广州将走出目前外贸出口的困境,重振雄风,成为我国外贸出口的大户,为我国的经济发展和外贸出口作出更大的贡献。
关键词:
广州,对外贸易,金融危机,问题,对策
1.Introduction
Guangzhou,asthefirstcityofforeigntradedevelopmentinChina,hasalonghistoryandanimportantpositionintheworld.Guangzhouhasitsuniqueadvantagesinforeigntrade,relyingonitscheaplaborcosts,rawmaterialsandpriceadvantages,andthecoreofthePearlRiverDelta(PRD)industrybase,andtheinternationalexportmarket.China'sexportsranktopfortheuniquegeographicalandcommercialadvantage,especiallysincethereformandopeningup,Guangzhouhasfirmlygraspedthisopportunitytoformamoredevelopedlightindustryandheavyindustry,comprehensiveproductdevelopmentcapacityandexportcapacityofstrongexport-orientedtradesystem,thisoccupiesaleadingpositioninexports.Butinrecentyears,Guangzhouisimpactedbythefinancialcrisis,andasthetraditionaladvantagesofGuangzhou'sexporttradeovertheyears,it’smoreobviousinweakeningadvantagesofthemarket.It’sshownonblockinGuangzhou'sforeigntradeinexports,andleadstoreduceofmanyorderstoforeigntradeenterprises,corporatelayoffs,salaryreductionsandjob’ssharpdropinbusiness,andresultsinalargenumberofworkersretrenchedorforcedindefiniteleaveandthusrisingunemployment.Fromviewsofinternationalenvironment,appreciationofRMB,thefinancialcrisis,overseasmarkets’(especiallyEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmarket)shrinkingdemand,popularofprotectionism,andthestatetoadjustexporttaxrebateadjustmentsandotherfactors,makesGuangzhouforeigntradepricesarenotavailable.FromviewofForeignTradeenterprises’exporters,thetensionoflandandlaborandrawmaterialspricesrosebringexportenterprisesgreatpressure.ThefollowingcontentwillintroducetheGuangzhouforeigntradeanditsexportsanditsforeigntradeproblems,analysisoftheimpactofforeigntradeinGuangzhouandthecausesandtoproposestrategies.
2.GeneralDescriptionofForeignTradeexportinGuangzhou
AnalysisonGuangzhoutradecompetitivenessindexshowedthatthecompetitivenessofGuangzhou'sforeigntradeisnotstrongstill.ThemainreasonisthatGuangzhou’smostofindustriesintheinternationalindustrialdivisionoflaborareinadisadvantageousposition,andthey’reextensivemodelofeconomicgrowth.ToenhancethecompetitivenessofGuangzhou'sforeigntrade,wemustdevelopandimplementsustainabledevelopmentstrategiestofurtherpromotetheforeigntradesystem’sinnovation,andvigorouslypromotetheupgradingandtransformationofforeigntradestructure,establishandimprovetradefacilitationsystemandindependentinnovationsystem,andenhanceinternationalcompetitiveness.ThispaperanalyzesthecompetitivenessofGuangzhou'sforeigntradesituationanditsproblems,andonthisbasisgivesresponseandreflection.
2.1ThestructureofforeigntradeexportinGuangzhou
Generaltradeandprocessingtrade,especiallytheprocessingtradeaccountsforthemostinGuangzhou'sexport.Sincethereformandopeningup,Guangzhoucontinuestobringinforeigninvestments,useofcoastalgeographicaladvantages,andtakeadvantageofabundantlaborresources,intheendformafull-scaleprocessingmanufacturingbaseoflightindustryproducts.AutomotiveindustryisoneofthepillarindustriesinGuangzhou,itintroducesthreeautomakers,namelyToyota,NissanandHyundai,andtheconstructtheHondaexportbase,occupyastrongcomparativeadvantageinexportingthevehicle.AsthesmallareaofagriculturallandinGuangzhou,theagriculturalpopulationisrelativelysmall,andpoorinmineralresources,soitschemicalindustryandmetalindustryexportsareincomparativedisadvantage.Mechanicalandelectrical,audio-visualequipment,thoughtheyareatacomparativedisadvantage,butinrecentyears,theyhavebeendominatedfirstinexport.jewelry,shoes,hats,plasticproducts,paperproducts,leatherproducts,automobiletradeanditscloserprocessingproductsareGuangzhou’sstrongexportproducts,whilemetalproducts,chemicalproducts,minerals,etc.duetonaturalconstraintsofresourcesandheavyindustry,areatadisadvantagestage.Inrecentyears,jewelry,carsandelectricalproductsareimprovingsteadily.TheexportmarketinGuangzhouconcentratesinHongKong,Japan,theUnitedStatesandtheEuropeanUnionhasreachedmorethan70%,whichdominatedHongKong.
Guangzhou’sexportmaybedividedintothreeparts:
(1)Bymajortradepattern:
generaltrade;processmaterialssuppliedbycustomers;processwithimportedmaterials
(2)Bymajoreconomictype:
state-ownedenterprises,foreignfundedenterprises,collectiveenterprises,privateenterprises
(3)Bymajorcommoditypoints:
mechanicalandelectricalproducts,high-techproducts,bulkexportcommodities,steeletc.
Totalvalueofmerchandiseexportsin2007
Unit:
(millionU.S.dollars)
Item
2007
Increaseordecreaseoverthepreviousyear(%)
Total
3790230
17.1
Bymajortradepattern
#generaltrade
1692184
25.3
processmaterialssuppliedbycustomers
594581
6.5
processwithimportedmaterials
1427951
13.6
Bymajoreconomictype
#state-ownedenterprises
847536
11
foreignfundedenterprises
2214449
12.4
collectiveenterprises
67479
40.5
privateenterprises
657092
44.9
Bymajorcommodity
#mechanicalandelectricalproducts
1921067
18
high-techproducts
664740
8.3
bulkexportcommodities
Apparelandclothingaccessories
401666
15.3
Automaticdataprocessingequipmentandparts
189028
-6
Textileyarn,fabricsandrelatedproducts
170944
7.8
shoes
124413
8.3
PrintedCircuit
127254
15.3
Pearls,preciousstonesandsemi-preciousstones
106591
9.4
Steel
90719
7.5
Preciousmetalsorcladwithpreciousmetaljewelry
94769
17.2
Automaticdataprocessingequipment,spareparts
71548
-9.3
Furnitureandpartsthereof
91417
26.8
Bymajorcountries(regions)
#HongKong
1008479
12.6
Japan
211044
23.8
UnitedStates
739058
0.1
EuropeanUnion
671578
16.2
AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations
260468
27.5
Source:
BasedonThePeople'sRepublicofChinaMinistryofCommercenetworkandGuangzhouCustomsrelevantdata.
2.2CharacteristicsoftheGuangzhoutradeexportstructure
Basedontheabovetwodiagrams,Guangzhou'sexportshavethefollowingcharacteristics:
2.2.1OptimizestructureofGuangzhoutradeexportcommodities
Theproportionofmechanicalandelectricalproductsinexportsisanimportantsigninthemeasureofacountry(region)levelofexportcommoditystructure.Afterthereformandopeningup,Guangzhouhasadoptedandimplementedexport-orientedstrategy,whichgreatlypromotedtheexportofelectromechanicalproducts,andacceleratedexportgrowthofmechanicalandelectricalproductsandhigh-tech.
2.2.2RationalizestructureofGuangzhouexportmarket
Withtheemergenceofnewtradeprotectionism,internationaltradefrictionsandtradedisputesareontheincrease.Inresponsetothiscomplexsituation,andtoresolveinternationaltraderisks,Guangzhouhasactivelyimplementedstrategyoftheexportmarketdiversificationandcontinuouslyexpandingthespaceoftrade,suchasJapan,EuropeanUnionandAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations.Theemergingexportmarketshavebeenstrong.
2.2.3DiversifiedbusinessentitiesofGuangzhoutradeexport
Withthegradualliberalizationofexportoperationrights,andtheinvestmentexpansionofthescale,agrowingnumberofcollectiveenterprises,privateenterprisesandforeign-fundedenterprisesaregraduallyjoinedtheranksofexporttrade.Themainstructureofbusinesshasformeddiversifiedpattern,includingthestate-ownedenterprises,foreign-fundedenterprises,collectiveenterprisesandprivateenterprises
2.2.4DiversifiedtradepatternsofGuangzhoutradeexport
Atthebeginningofreformandopeningup,Guangzhou’sForeignTradepatternwasthegeneraltrade,whileprocessingtradeandotherformsoftradewasrelativelysmall.Inrecentyears,undertheencouragementofnationalpolicyandundertheguidingideologyofgivingfullplaytoChina'scomparativeadvantageinlaborcostsonforeigntrade,processingtradeinGuangzhouhasgraduallydevelopedasingleapproachtothecoexistenceofavarietyofways.
3.TheimpactoffinancialcrisisonGuangzhou’sforeign
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