《英语写作基础教程》练习.docx
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《英语写作基础教程》练习.docx
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《英语写作基础教程》练习
《英语写作基础教程》(ABasicCourseinWring),主编:
丁往道、吴冰等,高等教育出版社1998年版。
Chapter1UsingProperWords
Exercises
1Readthefollowingpassages,pickoutfromthemafewcommon,formalandnon-standardwords,andsayforwhatpurposesthesethreetypesofwordsareused.
“You’reth’Professorhere,ain’tyou?
”saysPa.
“Yes,”saysProfessorHerbert,“andyouareDave’sfather.”
“Yes,“saysPa,pullingouthisgunandlayingitontheseatinProfessorHerbert’soffice.ProfessorHerbert’seyesgotbigbehindhisblack-rimmedglasseswhenhesawPa’sgun.Colorcameintohispalecheeks.
“JistafewthingsaboutthisschoolIwanttoknow,”saysPa.“I’mtryin’tomakeascholarout’nDave.He’stheonlyoneout’nelevenyounginsI’vesenttohighschool.Herehecomesinlateandleavesmeallth’worktodo!
Hesaidyou’salloutbughuntin’yesterdayandbrokeacherrytreedown.Hehadtostaytwohoursafterschoolyesterdayandworkoutmoneytopayonthatcherrytree!
Isthatright?
”
JesseStuart:
SplitCherryTree
Achild,ingrowingup,maymeetandlearnfromthreedifferentkindsofdiscipline.ThefirstandmostimportantiswhatwemightcalltheDisciplineofNatureorReality.Whenheistryingtodosomethingreal,ifhedoesthewrongthingordoesn’tdotherightone,hedoesn’tgettheresulthewants.Ifhedoesn’tpileoneblockrightontopofanother,ortriestobuildonaslantingsurface,histowerfallsdown.Ifhehitsthewrongkey,hehearsthewrongnote.Ifhedoesn’thitthenailsquarelyonthehead,itbends,andhehastopullitoutandstartwithanother.Ifhedoesn’tmeasureproperlywhatheistryingtobuild,itwon’topen,close,fit,standup,fly,float,whistle,ordowhateverhewantsittodo.Ifhecloseshiseyeswhenheswings,hedoesn’thittheball.Achildmeetsthiskindofdisciplineeverytimehetriestodosomething,whichiswhyitissoimportantinschooltogivechildrenmorechancestodothings,insteadofjustreadingorlisteningtosomeonetalk(orpretendingto).Thisdisciplineisagreatteacher.Thelearnerneverhastowait
longforhisanswer;itusuallycomesquickly,ofteninstantly.Alsoitisclear,andveryoftenpointstowardtheneededcorrection;fromwhathappenedhecannotonlyseethatwhathedidwaswrong,butalsowhy,andwhatheneedstodoinstead.Finally,andmostimportant,thegiveroftheanswer,callitNature,isimpersonal,impartial,andindifferent.Shedoesnotgiveopinions,ormakejudgments;shecannotbewheedled,bullied,orfooled;shedoesnotgetangryordisappointed;shedoesnotpraiseorblame;shedoesnotrememberpastfailuresorholdgrudges;withheronealwaysgetsafreshstart,thistimeistheonethatcounts.
JohnHolt:
KindsofDiscipline
Thepostwarerawitnessedthebirthofperhapsthemostpowerfulmediumofmasscommunicationinhistory:
television.Experimentsinbroadcastingpictures(alongwithsound)overtheairwaveshadbegunasearlyasthe1920s,butcommercialtelevisiondidnotcomeintoexistenceuntilshortlyafterWorldWarII.Itexperiencedaphenomenallyrapidgrowth.In1946,therewereonly17000setsintheentirecountry[theUnitedStates];by1953,twothirdsofallAmericanhomeshadtelevisionsets;andby1957,therewere40milliontelevisionsetsinuse—almostasmanysetsastherewerefamilies.Morepeoplehadtelevisionsets,accordingtoonereport,thanhadrefrigerators....
TheimpactoftelevisiononAmericanlifewasrapid,pervasive,andprofound.Televi-sionnewshadbytheendofthe1950sreplacednewspapers,magazinesandradiosasthenation’smostimportantvehicleofinformation.Televisionadvertisingexposedtheentirenationtonewfashionsandproducts.Televisionentertainmentprogramming,al-mostallofitcontrolledbythethreenationalnetworks(theNationalBroadcastingCom-pany,theColumbiaBroadcastingSystem,andtheAmericanBroadcastingCompany)createdacommonimageofAmericanlife—animagethatwaspredominantlywhite,middle-class,andsuburban.Televisedsportseventsgraduallymadeprofessionalsportsoneoftheimportantsourcesofentertainment(andoneofthebiggestbusinesses)inAmerica.
RichardN.Currenteta!
:
AmericanHistory
Myfatherwas,Iamsure,intendedbynaturetobeacheerful,kindlyman.Untilhewasthirty-fouryearsoldheworkedasafarmhandforamannamedThomasButterworthwhoseplacelaynearthetownofBidwell,Ohio.Hehadthenahorseofhisown,andonSaturdayeveningsdroveintotowntospendafewhoursinsocialintercoursewithotherfarmhands.IntownhedrankseveralglassesofbeerandstoodaboutinBenHead’ssaloon—crowdedonSaturdayeveningswithvisitingfarmhands.Songsweresungandglassesthumpedonthebar.Atteno’clockfatherdrovehomealongalonelycountryroad,madehishorsecomfortableforthenight,andhimselfwenttobed,quitehappyinhispositioninlife.Hehadatthattimenonotionoftryingtoriseinthewood.
SherwoodAnderson:
TheEgg
2Choosethemoresuitablewordfromthetwoprovidedforeachblankinthefol-lowingsentences,andgivereasonsforyourchoice.
1.Weallwenttotheexhibition________(besides,except)thedirector,whoWash)obusytogo.
2.Manypeopleherehavegototherincome________(besides,except)theirwages.
3.Shelikestosit_________(besides,beside)thewindow.
4.Theinternalsituationofacountryusually________(effects,affects)itsforeignpolicy.
5.Theirhardwork________(effected,affected)rapidprogressinthework.
6.Alarge(amount,number)ofcementwasusedforthisproject.
7.Alarge(amount,number)ofpeoplevolunteeredtodothisdifficultjob.
8.Thechairmanmadesome________(complementary,complimentary)remarksaboutthespeakers.
9.Hisstrongpointsandhersare________(complimentary,complementary).
10.Sheisan________(eminent,imminent)artistinthiscity.
11.Asaresultofoverproduction,adepressionseems_______(eminent,imminentinthisrichcountry.
12.Therewillbe_______(farther,further)changesintheitinerary.
13.Thisgroupofexplorerswent________(farther,further)inthedesertthanthatone.
14.Shecannowspend(less,fewer)timepreparingherlessonsthanbefore.
15.Shespent_______(less,fewer)daysinthecitythanplanned.
16.Manybeautifulpaintingswere______(hung,hanged)onthewalls.
17.Itisreportedthatsomeoftheleadersofthecoupinthatcountrywere(hung,hanged).
18.Hetried_______(hard,hardly)butfailedtofinishhisworkintime.
19.Theinterpretercould________(hard,hardly)catchupwiththefluentspeaker.
20.Whattheministerhassaid________(implies,infers)thattherewillheachangeintheeconomicpolicy.
21.Fromhisstatementthelisteners_______(imply,infer)thattherewillbeachangeintheeconomicpolicy.
22.Heputallhisthings____(in,into)hissuitcase.
23.AUhisthingswere_______(in,into)hissuitcase.
24._________(Its,It’s)Jimwhohashelpedme.
25.Ilikethecutofthejacket,but!
don’tlike________(its,it’s)color.
26.He_______(lay,laid)hispenonthedeskandbeganreading.
27.He_______(lay,laid)onthegrass,lookingatthesky.
28.Shetreatstheorphan(as,like)herson.
29.________(As,Like)afriendIwouldadviseyoutostopsmokingatonce.
30.Theinspector____(maybe,maybe)hereanyday.
31._______(Maybe,Maybe)Jesseknowswheresheis.
32.Hishorsejumpedandhefell_______(of,off)it.
33.At80hedied______(of,off)aheartattack.
34.Oneofher_______(principals,principles)isthathonestyisthebestpolicy.
35.The_______(principal,principle)oftheschoolwillresignbecauseofpoorhealth.
36.Riceisthe________(principal,principle)foodoftheinhabitantsofthisarea.
37.Thedirectorisavery(practical,practicable)man;hehasnofancifulideas.
38.Theseplansaregoodand________(practised.practicable).
39.He(rose,raised)fromhisseattogreettheguests.
40.He________(rose,raised)hisvoiceandsaid,‘~No~’
41.1(amused,used)toworkingataquicktempo.
42.1_______(amused,used)towork11hoursaday,butIcan’tdothatanymore.
43.Sheis_______(proud,arrogant)ofthesuccesshergrouphaswon.
44.Thataristocratoftenspeaksin_______(aproud,anarrogant)tone.
45.Oneofher_______(questions,problems)isthatsheispressedfortime.
46.Thespeakersaidattheendofhistalkthat________(questions,problems)werewelcome.
47.Thedaywas_______(typical,representative)ofdeepwinterhere:
itwassnowingheavilyandanorthwindwasblowing.
48.Thismaybeconsideredhis_________(typical,representative)novel.
49.Shewishesshewereas________(thin,slim)asJane.
50.Shehadonlytwo________(thin,slim)slicesofbreadforbreakfast.
51.Heillustratedhistheorywithconvincing(examples,samples).
52.Herearetwo_________(examples,samples)ofstudentcompositions.
53.Chineseculturehasa_________(continual,continuous)historyof5000years.
54.The_______(continual,continuous)rainsloweddowntheconstruction.
55.Thechairmantalkedaboutfutureplans(at,toward)theendofhisreport
56.Theyhadsnacks_______(at,toward)theendofthemeeting
57.Wewaitedforalongtime.________(Finally.Atlast)shecame.
58.Thechairmansummeduptheresultsofthediscussion.(Finally.Atlast)hethankedalltheparticipantsforcoming.
59.Thissalesmanmadefrequent(trips,travels)tonearbycities.
60.Heenjoys(makingtrips,traveling)toforeigncountries.
61.1________(hope,wish)shewillrecoverquicklyfromherillness.
62.I_______(hope,wish)shewereherewithus.
63.Theaudienceclappedloudlyto________(request,require)moresongs.
64.Studentswhohaveborrowedbooksfromth
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