宁波市高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目 2.docx
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宁波市高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目 2.docx
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宁波市高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目2
宁波市高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•天津)阅读理解
WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?
Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.
Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:
whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?
We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.
Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.
Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.
Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.
Manyofusequate(视……等同于)"commitment"withsuch"caring"occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.
(1)ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.
A. lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity
B. ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal
C. miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate
D. disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess
(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?
A. Endone'sstruggleforliberty. B. Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.
C. Misstheopportunitytosucceed.
D. Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.
(3)WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?
A. Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.
B. Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.
C. Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.
D. Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.
(4)WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?
A. Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.
B. Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.
C. Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.
D. Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.
(5)Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A. Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.
B. Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.
C. Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.
D. Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)D
(5)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,讲述要成功,就需要不断的学习,这样的生活才会有意义。
(1)考查推理判断。
第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸,负债累累,因为战争受伤左手残疾,同时还身陷囹圄,在53岁的时候决定写书,最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》,根据后文可知,所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功,年龄也是如此,故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.”可知,作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人,而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人,故可知runoutofsteam可知,停止学习,故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“welosethesenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知,我们失去了好奇感,但是如果我们愿意学习,机会无处不在,故可知,机会总是留给那些好奇心的人,故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.”可知,我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情,学会避免自怜,也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人,有些人是无法喜欢我们的,这个观点起初让我们苦恼,但是之后会让我们释怀,故可知,本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活,故选D。
(5)考查主旨大意。
本文讲述要成功,就需要不断的学习,这样的生活才会有意义,故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Plasticsludge(污泥)andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.Afilmcrewtraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”
Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehaveplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”
Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets(磁铁).Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.
China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon(黎巴嫩).ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.
(1)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. There'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.
B. Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.
C. TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.
D. Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?
A. Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines. B. Theplasticparticles.
C. Seafood. D. Fattytissues.
(3)Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A. AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.
B. Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.
C. Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,
D. Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.
(4)Whichmay bethetitleofthepassage?
A. PlasticpollutionintheWorld.
B. Plasticpollution—Oceans'Disaster.
C. Waystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.
D. Plasticpollutionandourhealth.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。
主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第一段第三句:
AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知,塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说,我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。
故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重,故选D。
(2)词义猜测题。
根据Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets(磁铁).可知,塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链,有时是明显的,塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金属,药物,工业废物,使其像磁铁一样.it指代的是塑料颗粒。
故选B。
(3)推理判断题。
根据ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.可知,安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染,可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。
故选C。
(4)主旨大意题。
阅读全文,根据文章内容可知,本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇说明类阅读,要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的:
段落、语句,仔细品味,同时根据上下文进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
AgreatnumberofspeciesmaketheirhomeinthevastwatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.Sargassumisanalga(海藻)thatfloatsinmassesthatcancontinueformiles.ThewatersoftheGulfStreampushthewaterinanorthwardmoveintothisarea.Thisconstantmoveandvaryingtemperaturesupporttheaccumulationofthebrown-coloredseaweed.
TheSargassoSeaissoenormousthatonemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem.Researchershaveneededtoemployseveralmethodsofsampling.Methodssuchasdraggingnetsoverthesurfaceofthewaterandvideotapingbeneathareasofsargassumhaveservedscientistswell.InformationcollectedhasshownthattheGulfStreampushesbrownalgaefromopenwaterintotheSargassoSeaarea,creatingadiversefloatinghabitatinanareathatwouldotherwisenotsupportthatwildlife.
InthemostrecentstudyofthesargassumcommunityofftheshoresofNorthCarolina,eighty-onefishspecies
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