熟肉.docx
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熟肉.docx
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熟肉
AnAnalysisofTheRedBadgeofCourage
Author:
XuXiaomin
Supervisor:
DAIKuihua,AssociateProfessor
(CollegeofForeignLanguages,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai’an271018)
Abstract:
TheRedBadgeofCourageisan1895warnovelbyAmericanauthorStephenCrane.ItisconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialworksinAmericanliterature.Thenovel,adepictiononthecrueltyoftheAmericanCivilWar,featuresayoungrecruitwhoovercomesinitialfearstobecomeaheroonthebattlefield.ThebookmadeCraneaninternationalsuccess.Althoughhewasbornafterthewarandhadnotatthetimeexperiencedbattlefirsthand,thenovelisconsideredanexampleofAmericanNaturalism.
KeyWords:
civilwarcrueltyfearhero
评析《红色英勇勋章》
摘要:
《红色英勇勋章》是美国作家斯蒂芬•克莱恩于1895年创作的一部战争小说。
这部小说被认为是美国文学中最有影响力的作品之一。
此小说通过描写一名年轻的入伍新兵如何从起初怯懦到最终成为战地英雄的不平凡历程,反映了美国南北战争的无比残酷。
这本书使克莱恩名响海外。
虽然他出生于战后,并没有关于战争的第一手经历,他的小说却被认为是美国自然主义文学的一个代表。
关键词:
战争残酷怯懦英雄
1.Introduction
1.1AnIntroductiontoStephenCrane
StephenTownleyCranewasbornon1November1871at14MulberryPlaceinNewark,NewJerseyintothelargefamilyofMaryHelenPeck(1827-1891)andJonathanTownleyCrane(1819-1880),Methodistminister.Afterhisfather'sdeaththeCranesmovedto508-4thAvenueinAsburyPark,NewJersey.Thehomeisnowpreservedasamuseum.Afterattendingpublicschool,CraneattendedtheCollegeofLiberalArtsatSyracuseUniversity,butdidnotgraduate.Formanyyearshehadbeenwriting,buthisfirstnovel,whichhepublishedhimself,Maggie,aGirloftheStreets:
aStoryofNewYork(1893)wasunsuccessful.ThegrimstoryofaprostituteandtenementlifedidhowevergainthenoticeofeditorandauthorWilliamDeanHowells.
AfterschoolCranebeganwritingsketchesandshortstoriesfornewspapers,livinginNewYork'sbowerydistrict.Startedasaserial,TheRedBadgeofCouragegainedCranealmostinstantfameandtheesteemofBacheller.Crane'sensuingtravelsinspiredfurtherworksincluding"TheBlackRidersandOtherLines"(1895),"TheLittleRegiment"(1896),"TheBrideComestoYellowSky"(1897),TheThirdViolet(1897),"TheBlueHotel"(1898),"WarIsKind"(1899),TheMonsterandOtherStories(1899),ActiveService(1899),and,saidtobehisfinestshortwork,"TheOpenBoat"(1898),afictionalisedaccountofhisownharrowingexperienceadriftinaboataftertheCommodoresank.
CranemetCora(Howorth)Taylor(1865-1910),ownerofabrothelinFlorida,andinstantlyfellinlove.TheymovedtoEngland,firstlivingatRavensbrookHouseinOxted,Surrey,thenBredePlaceinNorthiam,Sussex.ThesameyearthatWoundsintheRain(1900)andWhilomvilleStories(1900)werepublished,Cranebecamegravelyillagain.HewenttoasanatoriumintheBlackForestofBadenweiler,Germany.Attheageoftwenty-eight,StephenCranediedon5June1900,andnowrestsinthefamilyplotattheEvergreenCemeteryinHillside,UnionCounty,NewJersey.Corasurvivedhimbytenyears.
1.2AnIntroductiontotheNovel
TheyoungsoldierHenryFlemingsurvivesabattlebyrunningawayandweareledthroughhisemotionaljourney,ashetriestomakesenseoftherealityofbattleandhisownrolewithinit,oftenreachingratherself-servingandegocentricconclusions.Heescapesintotheforestandmeetsupwithagroupofinjuredmen.The"TatteredSoldier"asksHenrywhoisoftenreferredtoas"TheYouth"whereheiswoundedandheisembarrassedthathedoesnothaveanywounds.Henrywandersthroughtheforestanddecidesthatrunningwasthebestthing,andthatheisasmallpartofthearmyresponsibleforsavinghimself.
Henryfeelsincrediblyguiltywhenhelearnsthathisbattalionhaswonandthatitwasn'tasuicidemissionafterall.Hereturnstohisbattalionandisinjuredbyanotherfleeingsoldierwhohitshimontheheadwithhisrifle.Whenhereturnstocamp,theothersoldiersseehiswoundandthinkthathewasharmedbyabulletgrazinghiminbattle.Afterwards,hegoesintobattleforthethirdtimethenextmorning.Whilelookingforastream,hefindsthathisregimenthasahorriblereputationfromthecommandingofficer.TheofficertalkscasuallyaboutsacrificingHenry'sregimentbecausetheyarenothingmorethan"muledrivers"and"muddiggers."Withnoregimentstospare,thegeneralordershismenforward.Inthefinalbattle,Henrybecomesoneofthebestfightersinhisbattalionaswellastheflagbearer.Manyreadershavefeltthatbymasteringhisfearandeventuallyleadingacharge,youngHenryhasbecomeaman.
1.3Background
ByMarch1893,StephenCranehadalreadypublishedhisfirstnovel,Maggie:
AGirloftheStreets,attheageof21.Maggiewasnotasuccess,eitherfinanciallyorcritically.MostcriticsthoughttheunsentimentalBowerytalecrudeorvulgar,andCranewasforcedtopublishtheworkprivatelyafteritwasrepeatedlyrejectedforpublication.
Cranequicklyfoundinspirationforhisnextnovel,however,whilespendinghourslounginginafriend'sstudioandhavinghisportraitpaintedregularly.HebecamefascinatedwithissuesofthemagazineCenturythatwerelargelydevotedtofamousbattlesandmilitaryleadersfromtheCivilWar.Frustratedwiththedrylywrittenstories,Cranestated,"Iwonderthatsomeofthosefellowsdon'ttellhowtheyfeltinthosescraps.Theyspoutenoughofwhattheydid,butthey'reasemotionlessasrocks."Cranereturnedtothesemagazinesduringsubsequentvisitstothestudio,andeventuallytheideaofwritingawarnovelovertookhim.Hewouldlaterstatethathe"hadbeenunconsciouslyworkingthedetailofthestoryoutthroughmostofhisboyhood"andhadimagined"warstorieseversincehewasoutofknickerbockers."
2.TheAnalysisofMajorCharacters
YoungSoldier/TheYouth(HenryFleming)—an18-year-oldfarmboy.Hasreadextensivelyaboutbattlesinthepast,particularlytheworksofHomer,buthasneverbeeninbattlebefore.Henrywishestobecourageousinbattlebecausehefearsforhisreputationaboveallelse,andwantsotherstothinkhighlyofhim.
TallSoldier(JimConklin)—thearmygossip.Astrong,self-reliantpragmatist,he'sproudtodohisduty,talksmuchbutcomplainslittle,andenjoyseating.Afterheisshotinbattle,hewishestodiealone,andwandersoffintothefieldbeforefinallycollapsinganddying.
LoudSoldier/Friend(TomWilson)—veryloud,boisterous,butultimatelydynamiccharacterwhoatthebeginningofthenovelboaststhathe'snotafraidofbattle,butbeforethefirstbattleevenstarts,henervouslygiveshislettersandpersonaleffectstoHenryforsafekeeping.WhenHenryreturnstotheregimentwiththeheadwound,WilsoncaresforHenryandletshimhavehisblanket.Hisdemeanoralsochangestooneofgenerosityandquiet,andfortherestofthenovelhe'sreferredas"his[Henry's]friend"ratherthan"theloudsoldier".
Mother—Henry'smother,likelyawidow.ShediscouragesHenryfromjoiningthearmy,butassentsafterHenrymakeshisdecision.Beforehegoes,shegiveshimpracticaladvice,suchasfollowingthecommandsofhisofficers,notkeepingcompanythatwouldbeabadinfluenceonhim,nottoshirkhisduties,avoidingalcohol,andsendinghissocksbackhometobemendedassoonastheygetholesinthem.Justthesame,shecriesasHenryleaves.
TatteredSoldier—amanthatHenrymeets,woundedinhisheadandarm.Heiscoveredwithdust,blood,andburntgunpowderfromheadtofoot.He'ssoft-spokenandfriendly,butbadgersHenrywithquestionsaboutthefightandwhereHenryiswounded.SoonafterJimdies,theTatteredSoldierstartsactingdeliriousfromhisheadwound,wanderingaroundinafield.Henryleavestheman,afactwhichlaterhauntshimwithguilt.
Manwiththecheeryvoice—asoldierthathelpsHenrybacktohisregimentafterhe'shitonthehead,andtalkswithhimastheywalk.AfterthemanreturnsHenrytohisregiment,itoccurstoHenrythatduringtheentirewalkheneverbotheredtolookattheman'sface.
AshorterversionofCrane'smanuscriptwasfirstserializedinThePhiladelphiaPressinDecember1894.ThisversionofthestorywasthenreprintedinnewspapersacrossAmerica,establishingCrane'snotoriety.AlongerfinalrevisionofthemanuscriptwasprintedinbookformbyD.Appleton&CompanyinOctober1895.W.W.Norton&Companypublishedtheunrevisedmanuscriptversionin1982.
3.TheThemeofNovel
ThestoryissetduringanunnamedbattleoftheAmericanCivilWarwhichbearsnumerousparallelstothehistoricalBattleofChancellorsville.[6]18-year-oldHenryFlemingjoinstheUnionArmydespitediscouragementfromhismother(hehasnofathermentionedinthebook,savethathismothersayshisfatherneverdrankalcohol),andbecomesaprivateinthe(fictional)304thNewYorkRegiment.Intheweeksanddaysleadinguptotheconflict,Henrymusesaboutwhetherhe'llbebrave,orwillturnandrun.Duringhisfirstbattle,Confederatesoldierschargehisregiment,butarerepelled.Afewminuteslater,theyregroupandattackagain.Thistime,whenHenryseessomeotherpeoplerunningandhashisownfearsthatthebattleisalostcause,hedesertshisbattalion.However,whenhegetstotherearofthearmy,heoverhearsageneralsayingthatthearmywonanyway,andrealizesheranfornothing,andashamed,hespendstherestofthedayawayfromhisregiment.
Escapingintoanearbyforest,hefindsadeadmandecaying,aloneinaclearingofthewoods,andsocomesfacetofacewiththehorrorofdeath.Hefleestheforest,andfindsagroupofinjuredmenreturningfrombattle.Onememberofthegroup,the"TatteredSoldier",asksHenry(whoisoftenreferredtoas"TheYouth")whereheiswounded,butHenrydodgesthequestion.Healsomeetsoneofhisfriends,JimConkli
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