研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1(10points)
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.
Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.
Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while
2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides
3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined
4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking
5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore
6.[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[D]asif
7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting
8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]dispersed[D]diffused
9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas
10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical
11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses
12.[A]atfirst[B]atall[C]atlarge[D]attimes
13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed
14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient
15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create
16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless
17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired
18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice
19.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable
20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)
Text1
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.
Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.
SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.
Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.
Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.
21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby________.
[A]posingacontrast
[B]justifyinganassumption
[C]makingacomparison
[D]explainingaphenomenon
22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)impliesthat________.
[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals
[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature
[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother
[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions
23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare________.
[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget
[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions
[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament
[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions
24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________.
[A]prefergrapestocucumbers
[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings
[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated
[D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers
25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.
[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.
[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.
[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.
Text2
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?
Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?
Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?
LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.
Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:
“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”
Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:
bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.
Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch--aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”
Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.
26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat________.
[A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath
[B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant
[C]peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife
[D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense
27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas________.
[A]aprotector
[B]ajudge
[C]acritic
[D]aguide
28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,Paragraph4)?
[A]Endlessstudieskillaction.
[B]Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.
[C]Prudentplanninghin
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