全国自考《英语阅读一》试题.docx
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全国自考《英语阅读一》试题.docx
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全国自考《英语阅读一》试题
全国2021年4月自考《英语阅读
(一)》试题
全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试
英语阅读
(一)试题
00595
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
本试卷共14页,满分100分,考试时间150分钟。
I.CAREFULREADING
Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2pointseach)
Passage1
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Aheadtrackcoach,BillBowerman,designedapairoflightershoeswithbettersupportandgreaterstrengthandsentthedesigntoleadingsporting-goodscompanies.Theyallturnedhimdown.
TherejectionsbroughtBowermanfacetofacewithhisownphilosophyof”competitiveresponse.”Hehadtaughthissportsmentovaluecompetitionnotsomuchforitsprizesasforitsintellectualandspiritualsatisfaction.Thiswastrueofhisdeterminationtomaketheshoeshimself.
Hemadehisfirstpairoftrackshoeslightandgraceful.Hisrunnerswoninhishand-madeshoes.Butwhowouldliketomanufacturesuchshoes?
In1962,Knight,oneofBowerman’ssportsmen,offeredtotraveltoJapanandcalledononeofJapan’sbestmanufacturersofsportsshoes.ThemanufacturerpromisedtoproduceshoesofhisdesignandKnight’scompanywouldbetheironlydistributorintheU.S.Ayearlater,ashipmentof200BowermanshoesarrivedinOregon.
Atfirst,KnightandBowermanworkedwithasmallteamandwentsellingoutofcarsattrackmeets.Butslowly,therunningworldgottoknowthesecretoftheirproduct.
Thenin1972,theJapanesecompanycutoffallsuppliestotheircompanyandestablishedaseparatedistributionnetworkintheU.S.In30daysKnightsucceededinfindinganewmanufacturer.Andtodaythecompanytakesthelargestshareintheshoebusiness.Youaskmethebrandnameoftheshoes?
It’sNike,namedaftertheGreekGoddessofVictory.
Bowerman,KnightandtheNiketeamhaveafirmbeliefthatasharedresponsibilityrequiresoutstandingindividualperformanceandawillingnesstocontributethatperformancetothegroup.
1.ThenewtrackshoesdesignedbyBowerman______.
A.helpeddevelophisteam’sathleticskills
B.helpedimprovehisrunners’performance
C.openeduptheJapanesesportsshoesmarket
D.openeduptheAmericansportsshoesmarket
2.Bowerman’sresponsetocompetitionisrelatedtosportsmen’s______.
A.teamspiritB.spiritualneeds
C.materialrewardsD.prizewinning
3.Accordingtothepassage,Bowermanshoeswerefirstsoldby______.
A.theshoemanufacturerinJapan
B.Knight,Bowermanandtheirteam
C.aleadingsporting-goodscompanyinJapan
D.aleadingsporting-goodscompanyinAmerica
4.ThedifficultyKnightranintoin1972arosefrom______.
A.therejectionoftheshoedesign
B.thequalityproblemoftheshoes
C.thecompetitionfromothercompanies
D.theJapanesecompany’snewdecision
5.ThesuccessoftheNiketeamliesin______.
A.themanufacturer’sphilosophy
B.thefashionabledesignoftheshoes
C.theircooperationwithaforeigncompany
D.theirindividualperformanceandteamwork
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctional,carryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincreased,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouses.
Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefttocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Thereareanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuildersincoloniallibraries,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplayedawiderangeoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.
Increasingwealththroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stoneorbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffireforcedpeopletousemoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaanditsneighboringareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.Anincreaseduseofbricksisnoticeablein
VirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthemostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,eveninthecrowdedtownofCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouses.
Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthegrayglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweresometimeselaboratelydecorated.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblue,yellow,greenandgraycolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.
6.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.
A.theimproveddesignofthe18thcenturycolonialhouses
B.theroleofcarpentersinbuildingthe18thcenturyhouses
C.thevarietiesofdecorationsusedinthe18thcenturyhouses
D.acomparisonofthe18thcenturyhousesandmodernhouses
7.Thoseresponsiblefordesigninghousesinthe18thcenturyNorthAmericawere______.
A.customersB.carpenters
C.interiordecoratorsD.professionalarchitects
8.Stoneswerecommonlyusedtobuildhousesin______.
A.VirginiaB.Boston
C.CharlestonD.Pennsylvania
9.Theword”predecessors”(para.4)refersto______.
A.colonistsinthe17thcentury
B.woodenhousesinCharleston
C.housesbeforethe18thcentury
D.interiorimprovementsinhouses
10.Itcanbeinferredfromthe4thparagraphthatbefore1730______.
A.patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused
B.pattemedwallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouses
C.wallpapersamplescouldbefoundinlibraries
D.wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaints
Passage3
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Theuniversitiesfromwhichtoday’suniversitiesaredescendentswerefoundedintheMiddleAges.Theywereestablishedeitherbycorporationsofstudentswantingtolearn,asinItaly,orbyteacherswantingtoteach,asinFrance.Corporationsthathadspeciallegalorcustomaryprivilegesforthepurposeofcarryingouttheintentionsoftheincorporatorswerecommoninthosedays.TheuniversitycorporationsoftheMiddleAgesattheheightoftheirpowerwerenot
responsibletoanybody,andcouldnotbepunishedbyanyauthorities.Theyclaimed,andmadegoodtheirclaim,completeindependenceofallreligiousandnonreligiouscontrol.TheAmericanuniversitywas,however,atfirstacorporationformedbyareligiousgrouporbythestateforthepurposesofthegroup.
TheAmericanuniversityintheseventeenthcenturywasmuchclosertotheAmericanuniversitytodaythantotheuniversityintheMiddleAges.ThePuritancommunitiesneededministersandprofessionalmenandsotheyestablisheduniversitiestoprovidethem.Later,religiousgroupsbuiltuniversitiesinordertoextendtheirowninfluence.Forexample,theUniversityofChicagowasfoundedbydevout(虔诚的)BaptiststocombattherisingtideofMethodismintheMiddleWestandShakersintheEast.ThepresidentandthetrusteesoftheUniversitywererequiredtohavetheproperreligiousrelationsinordertokeeptheUniversityontherightpath.Fortunately,thecombinationofJohnD,Rockefeller,WilliamRaineyHarper,andtheenlightenedwingoftheBaptistChurchpreservedtheuniversityfromtoonarrowaninterpretationofitspurpose.
11.FrenchuniversitiesintheMiddleAgeswerefoundedby______.
A.thegovernmentB.groupsofscholars
C.theCatholicChurchD.studentswantingtolearn
12.Puritanssetupuniversitiesprimarilyforthepurposeof______.
A.trainingschoolteachers
B.influencingthegovernment
C.providingministersandprofessionals
D.supplyingprofessionalsforcorporations
13.TheUniversityofChicagowasestablishedby______.
A.ShakersB.Puritans
C.MethodistsD.Baptists
14.ThewritermentionsJohnD.RockefellerandWilliamRaineyHarpertoshowthat______.
A.theywereimportantfoundersoftheuniversity
B.theywereextremelyfaithfulintheirreligiousbeliefs
C.theybroadenedtheoriginalgoaloftheuniversity
D.theystucktothefoundingprinciplesoftheuniversity
15.EarlyuniversitiesintheU.S.werefoundedmostlyfor______.
A.economicreasonsB.politicalreasons
C.religiouspurposesD.academicpurposes
Passage4
Questions16to20arebasedonthefoliowingpassage.
Ifyouarelookingforanexplanationofwhywedon’tgettoughwithcriminals,youneedonlylookatthenumbers.EachyearalmostathirdofthehouseholdsinAmericaarevictimsofviolenceortheft.Thisamountstomorethan41millioncrimes,manymorethanweareabletopunish.Therearealsotoomanycriminals.Wedon’thaveroomforanymore!
Thepainfulfactisthatthemorecrimethereis,thelessweareabletopunishit.Wethinkthatpunishmentpreventscrime,butitjustmightbetheotherwayaround.Whenthereissomuchcrimeitissimplyimpossibletodealwithitorpunishit.Thisisthesituationwefindourselvesintoday:
thegradualincreaseinthecriminalpopulationhasmadeitmoredifficulttogetintoprison.Someof
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