艺术生文化课百日专用学案文档 2.docx
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艺术生文化课百日专用学案文档 2.docx
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艺术生文化课百日专用学案文档2
2013年济南晨露教育
艺术生文化课百日专用学案
——英语
第一部分语法
第一章词类
第一节名词冠词数词
英语中有十大词类:
名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、动词和叹词。
一、名词
1、名词的分类:
2、名词的数
(1)可数名词
1)可数名词复数的规则变化
一般情况加–s,
以s,x,sh,ch等结尾加–es
以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es
以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加–es.
★下面这些词尽管以f或fe结尾,但仍然直接加—s
以o结尾的名词一般加—es/s
2)可数名词复数的不规则变化
3)特殊的复数形式
集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
people,police,cattle,goods,clothes等本身就是复数,
以s结尾,仍为单数的名词:
学科名词maths,politics,physics.news为不可数名词。
theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。
以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
有些集体名词单数表集体,复数表个体.
family家庭(集体),家庭成员(个体),class班级(集体),全体学生(个体)enemy,team,government,army.
有的名词含义不同,复数形式不同。
fish表种类复数为_____,表条数时,_____,指“鱼肉”时,为_______。
People指“人,人们”时,是______,指“民族”时,复数为
Work表示“工厂”时,为______,单复数同形;表示“著作”时单数为_____,复数为_______.
下列词总是用复数形式:
glasses,trousers,shorts,clothes,gloves,shoes,goods,scissors剪刀
(2)不可数名词
常见的不可数名词
advice,information,news,knowledge,equipment,仪器,设备furniture家具,progress,bagggage行李(美),luggage,luck,fun,change零钱,music,space,wealth,health,work,money,traffic,waste,grass,hair,ink,air,gas,water,cotton,paperwood,cloth,sand,chalk,glass,weather,rain,snowwind,wsmoke,fire,light,food,breadcoffee,fruit,grainmeat,tea,rice,wheatetc.
可转化为可数名词的物质名词
★有些物质名词在表达不同意义时,可转化为可数名词,前面可用不定冠词
beer----abeer一瓶啤酒coffee-----acoffee一杯咖啡tea----atea,一杯茶rain----arain一场雨
snow----asnow一场雪wind---awind一场风
★有些物质名词的复数形式有其特殊的含义
Foods,fruitsglassessandswaterswoodswindsnows
可转化为可数名词的抽象名词
beautycomfortdeathdangerenvyfailurehonorjoypleasurepitysuccesssurpriseshockshametroubleworrywonder
此外:
experience,exercisepaperorangeroom
3.名词所有格
(1)表示有生命的名词的所有格构成及用法如下:
(2)表示无生命的名词的所有格的构成一般用“of+名词”
(3)双重所有格:
“of+‘s名词所有格或名词性物主代词”
4.名词的修饰语
5.常用名词辨析
(1)affair,matter,business
(2)power,strength,force,energy
(3)habit,custom,customs
(4)award,reward
(5)sight,view,scene,scenery
二、冠词
1、分类:
2.用法
1)不定冠词的用法:
Thisisacomputer.
Motherboughtmeapresentforapresent.
AMrSmithiswaitingforyou.
Hehasseenthemovieonce,buthewantstoseeitasecondtime.
用在某些固定词组中如haveacold/haveatry/havearest/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/onceinawhile/keepaneyeon/allofasudden/ataloss.等。
2)定冠词的用法
Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.
Closethewindow,please.
Thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld
Theeast,theright
Thefirstthetallest
Thesickthewounded
theUnitedStated,theUnitedNations
thePacifictheRedSea
TheSmiths
playthepianoplaytheviolin
Thecompass(指南针)wasinventedinChina.
Helivedinthecountrysideinthe1970s.
用在某些固定词组中:
intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedaybeforeyesterday, thenextmorning,
inthesky(water,field,country)inthedark, intherain, inthedistance,
inthemiddle(of), intheend,onthewhole, bytheway, gotothetheatre
3)零冠词的用法
Childrenlovecartoons.Failureisthemotherofsuccess
WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFridayMancannotlivewithoutwater.
WearestudyingEnglish.
Shelikesspringmost.
Whatshallwedonext,Mother?
Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?
PeoplegivegiftstoeachotheronChristmasDay.
Sheisfondofplayingbasketball.
Youngandoldarminarmsidebyside
Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.
Oh,it’smostbeautiful.
Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage.
havebreakfast,playchess。
bybus,bytrain。
用在固定词组中:
如at(the)first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast,atnoon,atlast,atwork,atwar,byhand,infact,indanger,insurprise,introuble,onfoot,catchsightof,keepinmind,loseheart,loseweight.
有些短语有无冠词含义不同:
inhospitalinthehospital
infrontofinthefrontof
outofquestionoutofthequestion(不可能)
inchargeof(负责)inthechargeof(由。
。
负责)
inpossessionof(拥有)inthepossessionof(由。
。
拥有)
gotoschool/church/bedgototheschool/church/bed
冠词表示“泛指”和“特指”
1.Inordertofind_________betterjob,hedecidedtostudy_________secondforeignlanguage.
A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the
2..---Didyousee______MP4Iputonthedeskafewminutesago?
---I’venoidea,butIpickup___MP4underthedeskjustnow.Isityours?
A.an;theBtheanCananDthethe
冠词表示类别
1.Thewarmthof___sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof____woolused.
AthetheBthe\C\theD\\
2.Whenheleft____college,hegotajobas__reportinanewspaperoffice.
A\aB\theCatheDthethe
3.Thebiggestwhaleis_________bluewhale,whichgrowstobeabout29meterslong–theheightof_________9-storybuilding.
A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a
冠词考点:
冠词的泛指与特指;抽象名词具体化时冠词的使用;固定搭配中冠词的使用。
3.冠词位置
1)不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。
注意:
a.位于such,what,many,half等形容词之后。
Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.。
b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.
c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可,如:
ratheracoldday/arathercoldday。
2)定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,threetimes等词之后,名词之前。
例如:
Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.
三、数词
1、分类
2、基数词
inhisthirties
3、序数词
thesecondasecond
4、分数表示法的构成:
onethirdfivesixthsone\ahalfaquarter\onefourth
真题演练:
名词部分
1.【2011江苏卷,27】Teachershavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional_____.
A.consequenceB.independenceC.competenceD.intelligence
2.【2011福建卷,26】Thelackofeco-friendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobeamajor____ofglobalclimatechange.
A.resultB.causeC.warningD.reflection
3.【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway,Ican’tcheathim—it’sagainstallmy____.
A.emotionsB.principlesC.regulationsD.opinions
4.【2011四川卷,13】Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsasknivesoutofchildren’s.A.touchB.sightC.reachD.distance
5.【2011湖北卷,21】“Tommy,run!
Bequick!
Thehouseisonfire!
”themothershouted,with______clearlyinhervoice.
A.angerB.rudenessC.regretD.panic
6.【2011湖北卷,22】Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull-timeeducationwasabig________,butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.
A.projectB.commitmentC.competitionD.ambition
7.【2011湖北卷,30】Whenaskedabouttheiropinionsabouttheschoolmaster,manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepaside_________youngermen.
A.intermsofB.inneedofC.infavorofD.inpraiseof
8.【2011江西卷31】What’sthe_____,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?
A.sympathyB.themeC.objectD.point
9.【2011山东卷,34】There’sa_____inourofficethatwhenit’ssomebody’sbirthday,theybringinacakeforusalltoshare.
A.traditionB.balanceC.concernD.relationship
10.【2011江苏卷,32】We’dbetterdiscusseverything_______beforeweworkouttheplan.
A.indetailB.ingeneralC.onpurposeD.ontime
11.〖10安徽〗Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyond_______
A.hearingBstrengthC.recognitionD.measure
12.〖10江西〗Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicensereached200,000,a(n)______of40,000peryear.
AaverageBnumberCamountDquantity
13.〖10山东〗Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget______fromthismedicine.
A.reliefB.safetyC.defenseD.shelter
14.〖10天津〗Jamestookthemagazinesoffthelittletabletomakeforthetelevision.
A.roomB.areaC.fieldD.position
15.〖10江苏〗Thedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,sohehasaverygood_____.
A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilization
16.〖10湖北〗Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswideoffoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.A.divisionB.areaC.rangeD.circle
17〖〗Aftertheearthquake,thefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovideforthehomelessfamilies.A.accommodationB.occupationC.equipmentD.furniture.
18.〖10浙江〗Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblembuttheydon’tgiveyouanydirect______.A.solutionB.targetC.measureD.function
19.〖09安徽〗Chinahasgotagoodforfightingagainstthefluwithitscarefulandsmoothorganization.A.reputationB.influenceC.impressionD.knowledge
20.〖09福建〗TheWorldHealthOrganizationgaveawarningtothepublicwithoutany____whenthevirusofH1N1hitMexicoinApril,2009.
A.delayB.effortC.scheduleD.consideration
CBBCDBCDAACAAABCAAAA
冠词部分
1.【2011全国卷,33】Itisgenerallyacceptedthatboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeman.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填
2.【2011全国卷II,16】Ashereachedfrontdoor,Jacksawstrangesight.
A.the;不填B.a;theC.不填aD.the;a
3.【2011山东卷,21】Takeyourtime—it’sjust_____shortdistancefromhereto_____restaurant.
A.不填;theB.a;theC.the;aD.不填;a
4.【2011浙江卷,2】Expertsthinkthat___recentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybe____Picsso.
A.the;不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a
5.【2011四川卷,18】Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“fifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”
A.不填;AB.不填;TheC.the;TheD.a;A
6.【2011重庆卷,26】Incommunication,asmileisusually_____strongsignofafriendlyand_______openattitude.A.the,/B.a,anC.a,/D.the,an
7.【2011陕西卷,13】Asisknowntoall,People’sRepublicofChinaisbiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.
A.the;不填B.不填;theC.the;theD.不填;不填
8.【2011江西卷22】——It’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000_____year.
——Right,hewillalsogetpaidby_____week.
A.the;theB.a;theC.the;aD.a;a
9.〖1
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