高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解人生百味及解析.docx
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高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解人生百味及解析.docx
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高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解人生百味及解析
高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解(人生百味)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类
1.阅读理解
ButterflyGarden(PermanentExhibit)
Walkamongthefree-flyingresidentsofthiswarmconservatory.ItisawonderfulopportunitytogetclosetoavarietyoflivingbutterfliesfromNewEnglandandacrosstheglobe.The"EmergenceBox"offersawindowintothebutterflybehavior.Lookinsidetoseehangingchrysalids(蝶蛹)transformintoadultbutterflies.Ticketsarerequiredandvisitorsshouldreserveatleasttwoweeksinadvance.
ABird'sWorld(PermanentExhibit)
ThisexhibitfeaturestheMuseum'sextraordinarycollectionofbirds,displayingover300speciesfoundinNewEngland.Here,youcanlearntointerpretthebirdlanguagetakingplacejustoutsideyourwindowathome.
Testyourobservationskillsandseeifyoucangetpastdifferentbirdswithoutthemalerting(发信号)otheranimalstoyourpresence
Learntoidentifybirdsfromadistancebyrecognizinguniqueflightpatterns.PracticeyourflyingtechniqueintheBirdWalk.
HallofHumanLife(PermanentExhibit)
Shouldyouhaveyourbaby'sDNAsequenced?
Whatkeepsyouawake?
StepinsidetheHallofHumanLife,theMuseum'snewbiologyexhibition,andencountersuchfar-reachingquestionsonanamazingjourneyinsidethehumanbody.Throughdigitalmediaandpersonalinteraction,youbecome"partofthestory',asyoucontributeyourowndatainaprocessoflearninganddiscovery.
BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife(TemporaryExhibitNowOpen!
)
BODYWORLDScomestotheMuseumofSciencewithanewchapter,GunthervonHagens'BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife.Don'tmissthistrulyuniqueopportunitytolookwithinyourselfandgainawholenewperspectiveonwhatitmeanstobealive.Morethanonehundredpreservedhumanspecimensrevealthewondersofhumandevelopmentandshowhowpoorhealth,goodhealth,andlifestylechoicescanshapeyourbody.
(1)Whichexhibitdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
A.ButterflyGarden
B.ABird'sWorld
C.HallofHumanLife
D.BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife
(2)WhatcanyoudoinABird'sWorld?
A.Improveyourownflyingtechnique.
B.Communicatewithbirdsinbodylanguage.
C.Watchdigitalmediashowingbirds'history.
D.Seedifferentbirdsfromallovertheworld.
(3)WhatisspecialaboutBODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife?
A.Itisrelatedtohumanbody.
B.Itlastsforonlyalimitedtime.
C.Itisthemostvisitedexhibitionintheworld.
D.Ithassomethingtodowiththegrowthoflife.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了波士顿科技馆的四个展览的相关信息。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据ButterflyCarden部分中的“Ticketsarerequiredandvisitorsshouldreserveatleasttwoweeksinadvance.”游客必须购票,并至少提前两周预订。
可知,参现ButterflyGarden需要提前预订。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据ABird'sWorld部分中的“PracticeyourflyingtechniqueintheBirdWalk.”在BirdWalk中练习你的飞行技巧。
可知,游客在BirdWalk活动中提高自己的飞行技能。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据BODYWORIDS&TheCycleoflife部分中的“TemporaryExhibitNowOpen!
”临时展览现在开始!
可知,BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife这个展览不是永久性的,而是临时的。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.
ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.
ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact
fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.Thentherearetheas-yet-unknownjobsthatwillbecreatedbyAI.
Areyouworriedthatthesethreetypesofjobswon'temployasmanypeopleasAIwillreplace?
Nottoworry,asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:
jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.Thesejobsrequirecompassion,trustandsympathy—whichAIdoesnothave.AndevenifAItriedtofakeit,nobodywouldwantarobottellingthemtheyhavecancer,orarobottobabysittheirchildren.
SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.Thismustbetheresponsibilitynotjustofthegovernment,whichcanprovidefunds,butalsoofcorporationsandthosewhobenefitmost.
(1)Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?
A. Tointroducethetopic.
B. TomentionNigel'sfeat.
C. Tostresstheimportanceofgoodmemory.
D. TosuggesthumansgobeyondAIinmemory.
(2)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"outperform"underlinedinparagraph2?
A. Besuperiorto
B. Beinferiorto
C. Besimilarto
D. Berelatedto
(3)Whichofthefollowingjobsisthemostlikelytobereplaced?
A. Thewriter.
B. Theshopassistant.
C. Thebabysitter.
D. Thepsychologist.
(4)WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscantheauthorgiveaboutjobreplacementofAI?
A. LimittheapplicationofAItoacertaindegree.
B. Getmoresupportfromthegovernment.
C. Applyforthedonationfromcompanies.
D. Upgradepeople'sprofessionalskillsallthetime.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。
因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹(NigelRichards)的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。
但是,他不会说法语。
其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。
而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。
故选A。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类(前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中;以及“itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。
结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。
首先,有创造性的工作。
人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。
也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。
排除A;再根据第四段中的“asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:
jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.”可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。
进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.
Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition(转型).
Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.
Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.
Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.
Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.
(1)Somerichcountriesaretryingto .
A. dematerializemoney
B. getridoftheside-effectsofcash
C. maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspecies
D. promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins
(2)Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow .
A. thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountries
B. thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworld
C. digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestopped
D. Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment
(3)Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause .
A. youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallives
B. suppliersaretryingtoreducec
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