电子与通信专业英语第二版李霞 课后翻译.docx
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电子与通信专业英语第二版李霞 课后翻译.docx
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电子与通信专业英语第二版李霞课后翻译
第一章
(1>_Thecalculus,aidedbyanalyticgeometry,provedtobeastonishinglypowerfulandcapableofattackinghostsofproblemsthathadbeenbafflingandquiteunassailableinearlierdays.
微积分在解析几何的帮助下,被证明能够有效的解决许多早先无法解决的问题。
(2>Ofthemanyremarkablemathematicaldiscoveriesmadeinthe17thcentury,unquestionablythemostoutstandingwastheinventionofcalculus.
在17世纪的许多重大数学发明中,毫无疑问最杰出的就是微积分。
V(3)Agreatforwardstridewasmadein1821,whentheFrenchmathematicianAugustinLouisCauchydevelopedanacceptabletheoryoflimits,andthendefinedcontinuity,differentiability,andthedefiniteintegralintermsofthelimitconcept.
当法国数学家奥古斯丁*路易斯*柯西发展相互一种可接受的极限理论,并由此定义了连续性,微分和极限概念下的定积分,这成为1821年数学史上的巨大飞跃。
(4)Mathematicalanalysisisoneofthemostimportantdivisionsofhighermathematics;itsmainobjectisstudyingvariablesandtheirrelationships.
数学分析是高等数学中的最重要分支中的一个,它的主要目的是研究变量和他们之间的关系。
(5)Themainpurposeofanaturalortechnicalscienceistoestablishtherelationshipsbetweenthevariablesinvolvedintheprocessunderconsiderationandtodescribeitmathematically.
自然数学或技术科学的-一个主要目的是建立考虑的过程中的变量之间的关系并用数学描述。
y(6>Mathematicalmethodslieinthefoundationofphysics,mechanics,engineeringandothernaturalsciences.Forallofthemmathematicsisapowerfulthereticalandpraticaltoolwithoutwhichnoscientificcalculationandnoenineeringandtechnologyarepssilie
数学方法是物理学、机械学、工程学和其他自然科学的基础,对所有学科来说,数学是有利的理论和应用工具,没有数学就不可能科学计算T学和技术
第二章
(1>Alotofinformationisrequiredtospecifytheexactdistributionofarandomvariable,andevenmoretospecifythejointdistributionoftwoormorevariables.
描述精确的随机变量的分析需要许多信息,而且描述两个或以上变量的联合发布需要更多的信息
2)ThebinomialandPoissonarediscretedistributions,whichhavethewidestapplicationsamongalldiscreterandomvariables.Theprobabilitydistributionisespeciallyusefultoengineersbecauseofitsimportanceinstatisticalqualitycontrol.irom
二项分布和泊松分布在所有离散分布中应用最广泛的,由于他们的概率分布在统计性质控制中的重要(作用),这种概率分布对工程人员来说是非常重要
(3)Foranyrandomvariablethedifferencebetweenthevaluesofthedistributionfunctionattwopointsistheprobabilitythatavalueoftherandomvariablewillliebetweenthosetwopoints(orisequaltotheupperone).
对于任何随机变量,在两个点分布函数的差异是随机变量取这两点间(或端点)的值的概率
<4>Ingeneral,theprobabilitypofarandomeventcanbeinterpretedasmeaningthatiftheexperimentisrepeatedalargenumberoftimes,theeventwouldbeobservedabout100ppercentofthetime.
一般来说,随机事件的概率P在进行大量的重复实验时能以均值来确定,该事件发生的次数是p乘以实验次数
(5>Instatisticsitiscustomarytorefertoanyprocessofobservationasanexperiment.
在统计学中,将任何观察过程叫做实验是-一个习惯
(6)Ifaneventdefinitelycannotoccuruponrealizationofthesetofconditionsitiscalledimpossible.boUOZAsombobeezidlonadmmnonÓ
如果在特定的现实情况下,某时间确定不能发生,那么称之为不可能事件
第三章
(1>Operatonalamplifierscanhaveeitheraclosed-loopoperationoranopen-loopoperation.Theoperation(closed-looporopen-loop)isdeterminedbywhetherornotfeedbackisused.
2)InAj=1+A,FAfiscalledthecloseloopgainoftheopampcircuit,whereasAÍs
theopenloopgain.TheproductA,Fiscalledtheloopgain.Thisisthegainasignalwouldseestartingattheinvertinginputandtravelinginaclockwiseloopthroughtheopampandthefeedback
network.
(3>Althoughitisusefulandeasytotreattheopampasablackboxwithaperfectinput/outputcharacteristic,itisimportanttounderstandtheinnerworkings,sothatonecandealwithproblemsthatwillariseduetointernalparasiticcapacitances,etc.
(4)Whenfeedbackisusedaroundanoperationalamplifier,theclosedloopgainofthecircuitis
determinedbyaratioinvolvingtheinputandfeedbackimpedancesused.
当运放周围有反馈时,输入阻抗和反馈阻抗的比值决定了电路的闭环增益
(5)Inthecaseoftheidealoperationalamplifier,circuitanalysiswassimplifiedbytheidealsummingpointrestraintsofzerovoltageandzerourrentatteinvertinginpu
6b>Theoperationalamlifierisanextremelyeffcientteandersatiledevice.ltsapicationsspanthebroadelectronicindustryflinggrequirementsforsignalcodioningspecialtransferfuncions.analognsotemeuioi.analogompuaio.Adeiaeis
运放是个极为高效和通用的设备,它的应用范围覆盖了广阔的电导工业满足了特殊传输函数,模拟器件,模拟计算和特殊系统设计的需要。
第四章
(1)Iftheinputtoalinearsystemisasinusoidalwave,theoutputwillalsobeasinusoidalwave,andatexactlythesamefrequencyastheinput.
如果一个线性系统的输入是正弦波,输出将也是正弦波,并且输出与输入频率相同。
(2>Justaswecanexpressanysignalasthesumofaseriesofshiftedandscaledimpulses,sotoowecanexpressanysignalasthesumofaseriesof(shiftedandscaled)sinusoidsatdifferentfrequencies.
正如我们能将任何信号解释成一-系列尺度位移变换的脉冲和一样,我们也能将任何信
号分解成一系列不同频率的正弦(尺度和位移变换)的和
(3>Asignalisformallydefinedasafunctionofoneormorevariablesthatconveysinformationonthenatureofaphysicalphenomenon.
一个信号被公式化成一一个包含或多个变量的函数,并用于传达物理现象本质中的信息
Y(4)Nyquistsamplingtheoremstatesthatifthehighest-frequencycomponentofaCTsignalx(t)isfmax,thenx(t)canberecoveredfromitssampledsequencex(nT)ifthesamplingfrequencyfsisdosldsibeealonsmaavaenaaomqiamgasuvaonlargerthan2fmax.
采样定理说明:
如果一个连续信号x(t)的最高频率fmax.那么如果采样频率f大于2fmx,
则x(t)可以由它的采样序列x(nT)完全恢复
(5)Infact,ifadiscrete-timesequenceisabsolutelysummable,thenitsspectrumis,asinthe.nofuoboPensncontinuous-timecase,aboundedandcontinuousfunctionofo.
事实上,如果离散时间序列是绝对可和的,那么在连续事件情况下,他的光谱就是一一个有限且连续的函数。
L(6>Systemsaredefinedtobestableifeveryboundedinputexcitesaboundedoutput.The
conditionfordiscrete-timesystemstobestableisthatallpolesofH(x)lieinsidetheunitcircleonthez-plane.answadongatahncmaunoummuumsmmmayonammQOY
如果每个有界输入都得到一个有界输出,那么系统是稳定的。
如果H(x)的所有极点都在Z域的单位圆内,那么离散时间系统也是稳定的。
第五章
(1>Microwavesarenormallyconsideredtoembracethefrequencyrange109-1012Hzoracharacteristicwavelengthrangeof30cmto0.3mm.
2>Thestudyofelectromagneticradiationisanexactsciencebecauseitcanberepresentedexactlybymathematicalexpressions.
(3)Microwavesarenecessaryforcommunicationwithsatellitesbecausetheycanpassthroughtheionospherewhichreflectslowerfrequencyradiowavesubnoinbooqdos
(4)Therateofmicrowavepowerabsorptioninmostmaterialsisproportionaltoitswatercontent.Thispropertycanbeusedtoprovidemicrowaveheating.Becausethemicrowavesignalpenetratesmostnon-conductors,microwavepowerprovidesamostefficientmeansofapplyingheatuniformlythroughoutabody.
(5>Microwavesarepotentiallyhazardousbecauseoftheirheatingeffect.Theeffectmaynotbefeltuntildamagehasalreadybeendonebecausetheheatingmaybeinternalwhereasourbodyisdesignedtowarnusaboutexternallyappliedheat.
(6)Forseismicsignalstravelingthroughaportionoftheearthandpickedupbyappropriatetransducers,onecanextractfromtheirparticularshapeandappearanceinformationconcerningtheunderlyingstrata.
第六章
(1>Moregenerally,signalprocessingisanoperationdesignedforextracting,enhancinstoring,andtransmittingusefulinformation.Thedistinctionbetweenusefulandunwantinformationisoftensubjectiveaswellasobjective.
(2>SystemusingtheDSPapproachcanbedevelopedusingsoftwarerunningonagenenpurposecomputer.ThereforeDSPisrelativelyconvenienttodevelopandtest,andthesoftware
(3>Digitalsignalprocessinggenerallyapproachestheproblemofvoicerecognitionintwosteps:
featureextractionfollowedbyfeaturematching.
(4>TheFourierdecompositionisthebasisforabroadandpowerfulareaofmathematicscalledFourieranalysis,andtheevenmoreadvancedLaplaceandz-transforms.Mostcutting-edgeDSPalgorithmsarebasedonsomeaspectofthesetechniques.
(5>DSPisthemathematics,thealgorithms,andthetechniquesusedtomanipulaterealworldsignalsaftertheyhavebeenconvertedintoadigitalform.Thisincludesawidevarietyofgoals,suchas:
enhancementofvisualimages,recognitionandgenerationofspeech,compressionofdataforstorageandtransmission,etc.
(6>AbasicpremiseofthisbookisthatmostpracticalDSPtechniquescanbelearnedandusedwithoutthetraditionalbarriersofdetailedmathematicsandtheory.
第七章
(1)InterestincolorimageprocessinghasincreasedsignificantlyinthepastfewyearsasaresultofgrowthintheuseofdigitalimagesforInternetapplications.
(2>Imagerestorationisappliedtotherestorationofaknowndistortionforwhichanobjectivecriterioncanbeapplied.osooiaenvbnoodtoadoto
(3>Massstoragecapabilityisamustinimageprocessingapplications.Animageofsize1024x1024pixels,inwhichtheintensityofeachpixelisan8-bitquantity,requiresonemegabyteofstoragespaceiftheimageisnotcompressed.bnelMbonidmoa
(4>Althoughlarge-scaleimageprocessingsystemsstillarebeingsoldformassiveimagingapplications,suchasprocessingofsatelliteimages,thetrendcontinuestowardminiaturizingandblendingofgeneral-purposesmallcomputerswithspecializedimageprocessinghardware.
(5>Inarcheology,imageprocessingmethodshavesuccessfullyrestoredblurredpicturesthatweretheonlyavailablerecordsofrareartifactslostordamagedafterbeingphotographed.aniesoq
(6>Interestindigitalimageprocessingmethodsstemsfromtwoprincipalapplicationareas:
improvementofpictorialinformationforhumaninterpretation;andprocessingofimagedataforstorage,transmission,andrepresentationforautonomousmachineperception.
第十章
(1)Thecalculus,aidedbyanalyticgeometry,provedtobeastonishinglypowerfulandcapableofattackinghostsofproblemsthathadbeenbafflingandquiteunassailableinearlierdays.
(2>Ofthemanyremarkablemathematicaldiscoveriesmadeinthe17century,unquestionably
themostoutstandingwastheinventionofcalculus.
(3)Agreatforwardstride
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