教育文档版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 3 Travel journal及解析答案新人教版必修1doc.docx
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教育文档版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 3 Travel journal及解析答案新人教版必修1doc.docx
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教育文档版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit3Traveljournal及解析答案新人教版必修1doc
Unit3Traveljournal
一、阅读理解。
Anewstudyhasfoundtheamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimalsisexpectedtoincreasebytwothirdsoverthenext15years.Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstorisingdemandformeat,milkandeggs.Theresearcherswarnthedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibioticsresistant(耐抗生素的)infections.SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnitedStates.
Expertssaywhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.IncreasingprosperityinAsiahasmeantpeoplethereareeatingnearlyfourtimesasmuchmeat,milkanddairyproductsastheydid50yearsago.
Tomeetthatdemand,farmshaveputmanyanimalsintosmallerspaces.Astheanimalsarecrowdedtogether,oftentheeasiestwaytodealwithsomeoftheproblemsofcrowdingistogivethemantibiotics.It’sclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyinacrowdedenvironmentandgrowfaster.Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually,andtheantibiotics-resistantbacteriacanspreadtopeople.
Doctorsfindthatantibioticsthatonceworkedagainsttheinfectionsnolongerdo.Thebacteriahavelearnedwaystofightthemedicine.Doctorssaytheheavyuseofantibioticsinanimalsisoneofseveralreasonsforthegrowthofantibioticresistanceworldwide.IntheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetdrug-resistantinfectionseachyear.Atleast23,000diefromaninfection.
RamananLaxminarayanheadstheCenterforDiseaseDynamics,EconomicsandPolicy.Hesaystheproblemisexpectedtogetworse.Hebelievestheuseofantibioticsinanimalswillsoonincreasesharply.Hesaysthatwillnotbegoodforhumanhealth.Heandotherresearcherswroteareportonthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheProceedingsofthe NationalAcademyofSciences.TheyuseddatafromtheUnitedNationsthattellhowandwherelivestock(牲畜)areraisedtoday.Theythenpredictedhowsuchproductionwouldchangeby2030.
Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.AndsheaddstheUnitedStatesishopingtopersuadefarmerstostopusingantibioticsforthatpurpose.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Howtokeepfarmanimalshealthy.
B.Theabuseofantibioticsinhumanbeings.
C.Anewwayofraisingfarmanimals.
D.Thedisadvantagesofusingantibiotics.
2.Fromhepassage,wecaninferthatusingantibioticstooofteninfarmanimals______.
A.willleadtoanimals'beinglessactive
B.causesanimalstogetinfectedmoreeasily
C.makesantibiotic-resistantbacteriaspreadtopeople
D.hasanegativeeffectonthegrowthofanimals
3.Whataccountsfortheincreasingamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimals?
A.Theincreasingneedformeat.
B.Theneedforeatingdiversely.
C.Thelesseffectiveantibiotics.
D.Thelimitedfarmtechnology.
4.HowwilltheuseofantibioticsinanimalsaccordingtoRamananLaxminarayan?
A.Itwillsoonstoprising.
B.Itwillsoonincreasesharply.
C.Itwillsoonrisesteadily.
D.Itwillsoonincreaseslowly.
参考答案:
1.D;2.C;3.A;4.B
解析:
1.[纵观全文便知,文章主要介绍了人们使用抗生素来饲养家畜带来的缺点。
如第一段:
Theresearcherswarnthedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibioticsresistant(耐抗生素的)infections.SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnitedStates和第五段等可得答案。
]
2.[推理判断题。
根据第三段最后一句:
Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually,andtheantibioticsresistantbacteriacanspreadtopeople可得答案。
]
3.[事实判断题。
根据第一段:
Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstorisingdemandformeat,milkandeggs和第二段:
Expertssaywhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.]
二、单句语法填空
1.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmoredetermined________(do)something.
答案:
todo bedeterminedtodosth.“下定决心做某事”。
2.TheWorldHealth________(organize)sayshalfofthemwilldieiftheyarenottreated.
答案:
Organization organization“组织”,theWorldHealthOrganization“世界卫生组织”。
3.Butthatisnot________manypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.
答案:
what havesth.inmind“心里记着某事”,设空处是引导表语从句的连接词,在从句中作宾语,故填what。
4.NothavingpersuadedHelen________(change)hermind,herparentshadnochoicebuttoallowhertogotoChinatotravelalone.
答案:
tochange persuadesb.todosth.“劝说某人做某事”。
5.Thegovernment'sattitude________thedevelopmentoftheflyingcarisfavorable.
答案:
to/toward(s) attitudeto/toward(s)...“对……的态度”。
6.Igraduatedfromuniversitytwentyyearsagoand________(teach)inamiddleschooleversince.
答案:
havetaught eversince“自从……以来”,与现在完成时连用。
7.ShegotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginally________(schedule).
答案:
scheduled thanoriginallyscheduled“比起早先的安排”,此处than是连词,其后是比较状语从句,从句主语为it,谓语为was,省略主语和谓语后只剩scheduled。
8.One________(advantage)oflivinginthetownisshortofsafeplacesforthechildrentoplay.
答案:
disadvantage 由isshortof...可知,此处在谈论“生活在小镇的缺点”,因此填disadvantage“劣势;缺点”。
9.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he's________(rely).
答案:
reliable 此处形容词reliable“可靠的;可信赖的”,在句中作表语。
10.Theystudiedthequestion________(care)beforetheymadethedecision.
答案:
carefully 此处副词carefully修饰动词studied。
三、完形填空。
Mymotherwasaresponsibleteacherandsheretired.SoIdecidedtogiveheroneofmyoldcomputerstohelpherpassthetime.Shehadalittlebitofcomputer__1__,soIjustsetitupforherandlether__2__withitonherown.
Astimewenton,I__3__thecomputerwashardlytouched.Shesaidshedidn'tknow__4__touseit.Idecidedtoteachher.Isatand__5__everythingandsheseemedOKwithwhatIsaid.Unfortunately,mysistercalledmeatthatmoment__6__wetalkedonthephoneforanhour.ThenwhenIsawheragain,shewassittinginfrontofthecomputer,lookingquite__7__.Thescreensaver(屏幕保护程序)hadappearedandshedidn'tknowhowto__8__itoff.Shehadtried__9__everykeyanditdidn'twork.Itoldher,“Just__10__themousealittle.”WhatImeantwasthatshejustneededtomovethemousearoundto__11__thecomputerup.Whatshedidwasto__12__themouseandstartshakingitaroundinmidairuntilthe__13__wentcompletelyblack.Icouldn'thelplaughingbecauseofherfunny__14__.ThemoreIlaughedthe__15__shegot.
ShethoughtthatIwasa(n)__16__teacherandshedecidedtofigurethethingoutherself.Well,atleastIhelpedherovercomeher__17__ofbreakingsomethingandencouragedherto__18__alittle.
Aboutaweeklater,Ifoundahomemade__19__cardwithamouseonthefrontmakingafunnyface__20__tomydoor.Itsaid,“Thanksforthecomputerlessons.Love,Mom.”
1.A.theory B.knowledge
C.technologyD.history
2.A.watchB.train
C.playD.see
3.A.foundB.heard
C.thoughtD.ignored
4.A.whyB.when
C.howD.where
5.A.learnedB.described
C.explainedD.discussed
6.A.andB.but
C.becauseD.since
7.A.amusingB.relaxed
C.interestingD.discouraged
8.A.getB.break
C.cutD.turn
9.A.hittingB.feeling
C.changingD.removing
10.A.hangB.shake
C.rubD.push
11.A.cleanB.wake
C.bringD.take
12.A.putupB.cutoff
C.pickupD.putaway
13.A.screenB.curtain
C.coverD.window
14.A.adjustmentB.imitation
C.expressionD.action
15.A.ruderB.happier
C.angrierD.better
16.A.impatientB.humorous
C.carefulD.helpful
17.A.sadnessB.pressure
C.fearD.depression
18.A.replyB.observe
C.answerD.experiment
19.A.invitingB.greeting
C.shoppingD.birthday
20.A.appearedB.stuck
C.combinedD.printed
【解题导语】该文主要讲述了作者教退休的母亲玩电脑的有趣故事。
1.B 根据下文中的“Shesaidshedidn'tknow__4__touseit.Idecidedtoteachher”可推知,作者的母亲对电脑所知甚少,此处指电脑知识(knowledge)。
2.C 根据上文中的“SoIdecidedtogiveheroneofmyoldcomputerstohelpherpassthetime”可知,作者给母亲一台自己的旧电脑是让退休的母亲自己玩。
playwith...“玩……”。
3.A 随着时间的推移,作者发现(found)电脑几乎没被碰过。
4.C 根据下文中的“Idecidedtoteachher”可推知,母亲并不知道怎么(how)使用电脑,于是作者决定教她。
5.C 根据空处前一句“Idecidedtoteachher”和空后的“andsheseemedOKwithwhatIsaid”可推知,作者给母亲讲解(explained)了相关的电脑知识。
6.A 根据语境可知,空处应填连词and,表示“然后,接着”。
7.D 结合语境可推知,母亲不会玩电脑,感到很泄气(discouraged)。
8.D 根据空前的“Thescreensaver(屏幕保护程序)hadappeared”及常识可推知,电脑出现屏幕保护程序,母亲不知道怎么把它关掉。
turnoff“关掉”。
9.A 根据空后的“anditdidn'twork”可推知,母亲因为不懂得怎么关掉屏幕保护程序,于是就按(hitting)了每一个键。
10.B 根据语境可推知,作者教母亲稍微晃动(shake)鼠标即可。
下文中的“startshakingit”也是提示。
11.B 根据语境可推知,作者是让母亲移动鼠标,唤醒电脑。
wakeup“唤醒”,符合语境。
12.C 根据空后的“startshakingitaroundinmidair”可推知,母亲听了作者的话就把鼠标拿起来(pickup),在空中摇晃。
13.A 根据语境可推知,母亲不会玩电脑,拿着鼠标乱晃,结果电脑屏幕(screen)全黑了。
14.D 根据语境可知,作者被母亲搞笑的行为(action)给逗乐了。
15.C 根据语境可知,作者越笑,母亲越生气(angrier)。
16.A 根据空后的“shedecidedtofigurethethingoutherself”可推知,身为老师的母亲对作者教自己玩电脑这件事很有看法,认为作者没有耐心(impatient)。
17.C 根据语境可推知,作者帮助母亲走出了害怕(fear)损坏东西的阴影,鼓励母亲再尝试一下。
18.D 参见上题解析。
experiment“尝试”,符合语境。
19.B 根据语境可知,母亲自己制作了一张贺卡(greetingcard),对作者表示感谢。
20.B 根据语境可知,此处指卡片贴在了作者的门上。
stickto...意为“粘/贴在……”。
四、单句改错
1.Ifyoustandhere,you'llgetbetterviewoftheriver.
________________________________________________________
答案:
get后加a getabetterviewof...“更好地看到……”,view“风景”,为可数名词。
2.Ourteacherinsistedthatthekeywordsworthpayingattentiontobeingunderlinedbeforeclass.
________________________________________________________
答案:
being→be 动词insist表“坚决要求”时,其后宾语从句中谓语动词应使用“(should+)动词原形”的结构。
3.Theoldmanwasstillingoodhealth.Hepreferredtoworkinthegardenratherthansatidly.
________________________________________________________
答案:
sat→sit prefertodoAratherthandoB“宁愿做A而不愿做B”,ratherthan后要接动词原形。
4.Inmyviews,thereisnoneedtocaretoomuchaboutyourclothes.
________________________________________________________
答案:
views→view inon
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