高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 254.docx
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高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 254.docx
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高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day254
高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day254
Passage1
Decision-makingunderStress
Anewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.
Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.
“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.”
Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn’tgonethroughthestress.
Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress–atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.
Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.
Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.
Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:
theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.
1.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto______.
A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemory
B.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlessly
C.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequently
D.learnasubjectmoreeffectively
2.Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir______.
A.waysofmakingchoicesB.preferenceforpleasure
C.toleranceofpunishmentsD.responsestosuggestions
3.Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,______.
A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabits
B.menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdown
C.womenfocusmoreonoutcomes
D.menaremorelikelytotakerisks
Passage2
Atechnologycompanyisdevelopingaliedetectorappforsmartphonesthatcouldbeusedbyparents,teachersandInternetdaters.
Theappmeasuresbloodflowinthefacetoassesswhetherornotyouaretellingthetruth.Itsdeveloperssaythatitcouldbeusedfordaterswantingtoseeifsomebodyreallyisinterestedinthem.Parentscoulduseitontheirchildrentoseeiftheyarelyingandteacherscouldworkoutwhichoftheirpupilsaretruthful.
TheappisbeingdevelopedbyTorontostartupNuraLogixandthesoftwareiscalledTransdermal-OpticalImaging.
Theideaisthatdifferenthumanemotionscreatedifferentfacialbloodflowpatternsthatwehavenocontrolover.Thesepatternschangeifwearetellingthetruthortellingalie.Usingfootagefromthesmartphonecamera,thesoftwarewillseethechangesinskincolorandcomparethemtostandardizedresults.Astudyfoundthatangerwasassociatedwithmorebloodflowandrednesswhilesadnesswasassociatedwithlessofboth.
KangLee,whohasbeenresearchingthefieldfor20years,saidthattheliedetectortestwillletyoufindoutthetruth“non-invasively,andremotely,andsometimesitcanbecovertly”
Hesaid,“Itcouldbeveryuseful,forexample,forteachers.Alotofourstudentshavemathanxietybuttheydonotwanttotellus,becausethat’sembarrassing.”
Leeaddedthatthetechnologywouldnotreplaceliedetectorsusedinacourtoflaw.Hesaid,“Theywanttheaccuracytobeextremelyhigh,likegenetictests,andaone-in-a-millionerrorrate.Ourtechniquewon’tbeabletoachieveanextremelyhighaccuracylevel,andbecauseofthatIdon’tthinkit’susefulforthecourts.”
Headdedthatitwillbeafewyearsbeforethedatingappisavailabletoconsumers.
1.Howdoestheappwork?
A.Bymonitoringtheheartbeat.
B.Byanalyzingthebloodflowintheface.
C.Bymeasuringone’sbloodpressure.
D.Bycheckingthewordsonesays.
2.Whomightfindtheappuseful?
A.Aconsumerbuyingasmartphone.
B.Astudentworkingonamathproblem.
C.Ajudgeincourt.
D.Aparentconcernedabouthischild.
3.Theunderlinedword“covertly”probablymeans________.
A.violentlyB.artificially
C.secretlyD.confidently
4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.
A.ittakessometimeforthedatingapptobeputtouse
B.ithasbeenprovedthattheappismoreeffectiveincourtthanatschool
C.theappmatchesgenetictestsinaccuracy
D.theappcomesfromtheideathatwecancontrolourfacialbloodflowpatterns
Passage3
Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.
Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:
Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningexperiencesincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.
Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.
Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone’sfuturedevelopment.
1.What’sthemainideaofParagraph1?
A.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.
B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.
C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.
D.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.
2.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_______.
A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrules
C.usingexamplesD.makingacomparison
3.Accordingtotheauthor,beingabletousemultiplicationtablesis_______.
A.aresultofoverlearning
B.aspecialcaseofcramming
C.askilltodealwithmathproblems
D.abasicsteptowardsadvancedstudies
4.Whatistheauthor’sopiniononcramming?
A.Itleadstofailureincollegeexams.
B.It’shelpfulonlyinalimitedway.
C.It’spossibletoresultinpoormemory.
D.Itincreasesstudents’learninginterest.
Passage4
AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(创业者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.
ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?
”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.
Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.
Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.
AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.
Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermina
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