职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案051540.docx
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职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案051540.docx
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职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案051540
职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0515-40
1、ACountry'sStandardofLiving
The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,____firstonitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:
"goodssuchasfoodandclothing",and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.
Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactorsmostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources.Someregionoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhavefertile(肥沃的)soilandafavorableclimate,otherregionspossessnoneofthem.
Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse,ChinaisperhapsasrichastheUSAinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,Forthisandotherreasonsitwasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasions,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,toproducemorewealththanothercountry.
Acountry'sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisdirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplus(剩余的)manufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductswhichwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry'swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providingthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.
【单选题】
A.calls
B.gets
C.depends
D.takes
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题有一定难度,可以先看选项得到信息提示,再用代人法,把可能的选项代入文中,本题考查动词短语dependon,“取决于”,最佳答案是C。
2、Migrant(移民的)Workers
Inthepasttwentyyears,therehasbeenanincreasingtendencyforworkerstomovefromonecountrytoanother.Whilesomecountrieshaverestrictedmostjobstolocalpeople,othershaveattractedandwelcomedmigrantworkers.ThisisparticularlythecaseintheMiddleEast,whereincreasedoilincomeshaveenabledmanycountriestocallinoutsiderstoimprovelocalfacilities.ThustheMiddleEasthasattractedoilworkers______theUSAandEurope.Ithasbroughtinworkersfrommanycountries,includingSouthKoreaandJapan.
InviewofthedifficultlivingandworkingconditionsintheMiddleEast,itisnotsurprisingthatthepayishightoattractsuitableworkers.ManyengineersandtechnicianscanearnatleasttwiceasmuchmoneyintheMiddleEastastheycanintheirowncountry,andthisisamajorattraction.
Sometimesadisadvantagehasacompensating(补偿的)advantage.Forexample,thedifficultlivingconditionsoftenleadtoincreasedfriendshipwhenworkershavetodependoneachotherforsafetyandcomfort.Inasimilarway,manymigrantworkerscansavelargesumsofmoneypartlybecauseofthelackofentertainmentfacilities.Theworkisoftencomplexandfullofproblemsbutthismerelypresentschallengetoengineerswhoprefertofindsolutionstoproblemsratherthandoroutineworkintheirhomecountry.
OnemajorproblemwhichaffectsmigrantworkersintheMiddleEastisthattheirjobsaretemporaryones.Theyarenearlyalwaysoncontract,soitisnoteasyforthemtoplanaheadwithgreatconfidence.Thisistobeexpectedsincenocountrywelcomesalargenumberofforeignworkersaspermanentresidents.Inanycase,migrantworkersacceptthisdisadvantage,alongwithothers,becauseoftheconsiderablefinancialbenefitswhichtheyreceive.
【单选题】
A.from
B.with
C.in
D.of
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
“来自于”哪个国家,英文用from表示。
3、MakingYourselfaGoodRecord
IfyouareanAmericanandyouthinkyoumightneedtoborrowmoneysomeday,thebestthingtodoistostartearly.
That'sbecausejustasmanyemployerswanttohireonlypeoplewithexperience,banksandothercreditorsareusuallyreluctanttolendtothosewithoutaproventrackrecordofpayingback,ontime,themoneytheyhaveborrowed.
Butifyouneedexperiencejusttogetastart,howdoyougetthatstartinthefirstplace?
Withalittlehelpfromyourparentsusually,whileyouarestillfinanciallydependentonthem.Itiseasytogetacreditcardorstudentloanwhenyouareincollege,becausebanksfigureyourparentswillbailyououtifyoufailtopay.
Sojustasstudentstakeoninternshipstobuilduptheirresumes,onesuniversitytimecanbeagoodtimetoworkonanotherimportantpersonalrecord:
thecreditreport
Creditreportsareasummaryofone'spersonalcredithistory,gatheredbyacreditreportingagency,orCRA.
Banks,andcompaniesincludinghospitals,landlordsandinsurancecompanies-regularlyreporttothethreemainCRAsintheUSonhowtheircustomersaredoingatpayingbackthemoneytheyowe.
Anyonewitha"legitimatebusinessneed"hastherighttoorderindividuals'reportsfromtheCRAs.Potentialcreditorsusuallycompiletheinformationinthereportsintoacredit"score",rankingthelevelofcreditworthiness.Lackofexperienceinborrowinginadditiontoabadrecordofdoingso,canresultinalowscore.
Evenifyouarenotconsideringtakingoutaloanforsuchalargepurchaseasahomeorcar,yourcreditreportcanbeimportanttogettingthroughlife.Landlordsoftenaskforthereportstojudgewhetherapersoncanbetrustedtopaytherent.Creditchecksarenecessaryforgettingacreditcard,evenforpurchasingamobilephonecallingplan.
Peoplecanobtainacopyoftheirowncreditreport,usuallyatacostofaroundUS$8-9.Someconsumerorganizationsrecommenddoingthisonceayeartoallowonetocatchanymistakes______haveslippedintotherecordsor,evenworse,tofindoutwhetheranyfraudhastakenplace.Thoughthesystemiscontrolledbylawsmeanttoprotectpeople'sprivacy,itisn'tfool-proof.Sometimespeopletakeoutbadloadsinothers'names,ruiningtheirrecords.
Inasocietyaddictedtocredit,thatcanbeadisaster.
【单选题】
A.these
B.what
C.that
D.those
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
空格所在的结构是跟在名词mistakes后面的定语从句,只有that可以引导定语从句。
故C项为正确答案。
4、DesirableQualitiesinaTeacher
HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:
Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?
Probablynotwopeoplewoulddrawupexactlysimilarlists,butIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerally_____.
First,theteacher'spersonalityshouldbepleasantlyliveandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysicallyplain,orevenugly,becausemanysuchhavegreatpersonalcharm.Iwouldsaythatexcludesallofdullorpurelynegativepersonality.IstillsticktowhatIsaidinmyearlierbook:
thatschoolchildrenprobablysuffermorefromboresthanfrombrutes.
Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaveagreatcapacityforsympathyintheliteralmeaningofthatword;acapacitytotuneintothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,especially,sincemostteachersareschoolteachers,tothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerantnotindeed,ofwhatiswrong,butoffrailty(脆弱)andimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinducepeople,andagainespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.
Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingaplastersaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengths.
【单选题】
A.accepted
B.agreed
C.approved
D.admitted
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
选项B和C都是不及物动词,而选项D意为“承认”,不符合文意.
5、DesirableQualitiesinaTeacher
HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:
Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?
Probablynotwopeoplewoulddrawupexactlysimilarlists,butIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.
First,theteacher'spersonalityshouldbe_____liveandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysicallyplain,orevenugly,becausemanysuchhavegreatpersonalcharm.Iwouldsaythatexcludesallofdullorpurelynegativepersonality.IstillsticktowhatIsaidinmyearlierbook:
thatschoolchildrenprobablysuffermorefromboresthanfrombrutes.
Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaveagreatcapacityforsympathyintheliteralmeaningofthatword;acapacitytotuneintothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,especially,sincemostteachersareschoolteachers,tothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerantnotindeed,ofwhatiswrong,butoffrailty(脆弱)andimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinducepeople,andagainespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.
Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingaplastersaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengths.
【单选题】
A.pleasant
B.pleasantly
C.well
D.satisfactorily
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
只有副词pleasantly可与其后形容词live和attractive搭配,意为“性情开朗、具有魅力”。
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