届二轮复习阅读理解说明文典题 10篇训练之二含有解析 学案20页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解说明文典题 10篇训练之二含有解析 学案20页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解说明文典题10篇训练之二含有解析学案20页word版
2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文典题10篇训练之二
【一】
Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5'
5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.
Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.
Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.
Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneeda
drink.
32.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?
A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sexpensive.
C.It’scomplex.D.It’sportable.
33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?
A.Thetube.B.Thestill.
C.Thehole.D.Thecup.
34.What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?
A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.
C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.
35.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupform.
A.theplastictubeB.outsidethehole
C.theopenairD.beneaththesheet
【答案】
32.D
33.B推理
判断题。
根据Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞,以提高接水器的工作效率。
接水器指的是在潮湿地方挖洞,在洞的底部放一个杯子,杯子上方用覆盖膜遮挡。
整个装置构成接水器,而不是某个部分。
这一题很容易错选D,但是退一步讲,就算在干燥的地方挖洞,杯子也可以接水,杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化,杯子的工作效率是不变的。
故选B。
34.C细节题。
根据第三段Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.可知最后一步是weightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock“放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间,把它压下去”,故选C。
35.D推理判断题。
结合第四段中的Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup可知地下水蒸发,在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。
覆盖膜是在杯子上面的,水滴落入杯子里。
所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。
故选D。
【二】
SanFranciscoFireEngineTours
SanFranciscoWineryTour
Running:
February1stthroughApril30th
ThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Inclu
dedinticketsprice)
DepartingfromtheCannery:
Telltimeuponrequest.
Duration(时长):
2hours
Price:
$90
BacktotheFiftiesTour
Running:
August16ththroughAugust31st
ThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFrancisco’smostfantasticperiods,the1950s!
EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.
DepartingformtheCannery5:
00pmand7:
00pm
Duration:
2hours
Price:
$90[来源:
学科网ZXXK]
SpookyHalloweenTour
Running:
October10ththroughOctober31st
JoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidiodistrict.Authenticfiregear(服装)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFrancisco
DepartingfromtheCannery:
6:
30pmand8:
30pm
Duration:
1hourand30minutes
Price:
Availableuponrequest
HolidayLightsTour
Running:
December6ththroughDecember23nd
ThistractivefourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancis’smostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.
DepartingfromtheCannery7:
00pmand9:
00pm
Duration:
Ihourand30minutes
Advancereservationsrequired.
21.WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?
A.SanFranciscoWineryTour.
B.BacktotheFiftiesTour.
C.SpookyHallowenTour.
D.HolidayLightsTour.
22.WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTours?
A.GotoTreasureIsland.
B.Enjoytheholidayscenes.
C.Havefreeicecream.
D.VisitthePresidiodistrict.
23.WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?
[来源:
学.科.网]
A.Takesomedrinks.
B.Setoffearlyinthemorning.
C.Wearwarmclothes.
D.Makereservationsinadvance.
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了圣弗朗西斯科的四个旅游活动和路线。
21-23ACD
【三】
Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.
GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.
Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf–grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.
Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.
Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredforeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.
28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.
B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.
C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.
D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?
A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.
30.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?
A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineinthepark’sincome.
C.Preservationofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.
31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?
A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。
因为人类活动影响到灰狼数量逐渐减少,鹿群数量逐渐增加,从而造成植被遭到大量破坏。
28.D。
29.C
30.A细节理解题。
根据第三段内容可知,灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多,从而植被遭到了破坏;而且红狐和海狸也不断减少,由此推断灰狼的消失引起了当地生态的破坏.
31.B推理判断题。
根据文章末段末句可知,作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验,是很值得推广的。
【四】
TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.
Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandw
ell-beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.
LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.
Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:
“Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.”
“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”
DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains,“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeypointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.
“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We’relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.
“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”
32.WhatisthepurposeoftheDrivelAB?
A.Toexplorenew-meansoftransport.
B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.
C.Tofindoutolderdriver`sproblems.
D.Toteachpeop
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