高中语文 形容词基本定义和用法.docx
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高中语文 形容词基本定义和用法.docx
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高中语文形容词基本定义和用法
形容词基本定义和用法
一,形容词的类别--按结构分类
1.单一形容词许多形容词是单一的词。
2.–ing形容词即词尾是ing的形容词。
1)由及物动词的现在分词转化而来,其中许多是品质形容词,有时能用于最高级,如:
mostdisappointing,mostexciting等。
2)由不及物动词的现在分词转化而来,不能用于比较级,而且只能做定语,如existing,rising等。
3)加有短小副词前缀的由现在分词转化来的形容词,
如:
ongoing,outstanding,incoming等。
4)与动词的现在分词无关的ing结尾的形容词,如:
neighbouring
3.–ed形容词即词尾是ed的形容词。
1)由及物动词的过去分词转化而来。
A.多为品质形容词,具有被动含义,如:
amused,bored,等。
B.有些是类属形容词,不能用于比较级,如:
required,infectedarmed,fixed,cooked等。
2)由不及物动词的过去分词转化而来,不能用于比较级,而且只能做定语,如existed等。
3)加有副词前缀的过去分词转化来的形容词,如:
well-equipped,powerfully-built,highly-developed等。
4)与过去分词无关的ed结尾的形容词,如:
beloved。
5)名词+ed构成的形容词,如:
winged,flowered,salaried等。
4.复合形容词
1)形容词-名词ed:
soft-heartednarrow-minded
2)副词-过去分词:
low-paidpoorly-written
3)形容词-现在分词:
nice-lookingfine-sounding
4)副词-现在分词:
hard-workinglong-standing
5)名词-现在分词:
labour-savingheart-breaking
6)形容词-名词:
white-collarfull-time
7)名词-过去分词:
tree-linedroad
8)名词-形容词:
duty-feeshop9)过去分词-副词:
cast-offshoes
10)副词-副词:
all-outattempt11)动词-副词:
take-homepay
12)数词-名词:
two-piecesuit
还有由短语、短句转化而成的三个词或更多的词构成的复合形容词:
heart-to-hearttalkout-of-the-wayplace(alonelyplace)
二,形容词的类别--按作用分类
1.表语形容词只用作表语的形容词/在一定的结构中用作表语的形容词
这类词有些也可以做定语,但意义不同(如ill,ready等)
1)a-为字首的形容词:
afraid,asleep,alive,alone,ashamed等
2)其它字母为首的形容词:
content,due,glad,likely,ready,sorry等
3)表示身体健康的形容词:
ill,well,unwell,faint等
4)后接to的形容词组:
devotedto,closeto,nextto,nearto等
5)后接of的形容词组:
awareof,fullof,fondof,capableof等
6)后接其它介词的形容词组:
responsiblefor,dependenton,lackingin等
7)后接其它不定式或that从句的形容词组。
A.接其它不定式:
liabletodo…,fittobe….
B.接that从句:
confidentthat….,happythat….
2.定语形容词只用作定语的形容词。
1)全部强调形容词:
total,pure,real,true等。
2)多数颜色形容词。
Red,brown,blue,white等
3)大量类属形容词:
east,west,indoor,outdoor,woolen等。
4)个别表语形容词
A.sure:
asurethingB.glad:
gladnews
C.sorry:
sorryoneD.fond:
fondhopes
E.ill:
illcommentsF.ready:
readyanswer
3.补语形容词宾语补语在本质上是表语,所以表语形容词均可做补语:
Ifoundherill.Ihopetoseeyouwellsoon.
4.状语形容词状语形容词通常引导一个短语,在本质上是表语,实际上是一个省略了主语和系词的句子。
Shegraspedmyhands,unabletosayanything.
5.同位语形容词某些形容词可做同位语.
1)类似后置定语:
Hereadallkindsofbooks,ancientandmodern,ChineseandEnglish.
2)类似表语:
IfoundJim,unconscious,afewhourslater.
6.名词化形容词
1)the+形容词。
A.表示一类人:
thepoorthelazytheoldtheyoungthedead
B.表示一类事物:
thedifficulttheimpossibletheunexpected
C.表示一类品质:
thenew
2)介词+形容词构成的固定词组:
frombadtoworseforsureforcertainforfreeforshort
inshortingeneralinfullatleastatmost
副词
副词的类别
1.按对象分类
1)修饰动词
A.时间副词:
nowrecentlyB.频度副词:
alwaysoften
C.地点副词:
nearbyinatD.方式副词:
clearlybadlygently
E.程度副词:
almostpoorlyF.强调副词:
simplytrulyquite
G.方位副词:
insidebackwards
H.方面副词:
morallysocially
2)句子副词,用于修饰整个句子,可以同enough配合使用,如maybe,actually,fortunately,surely,luckily,funnily等。
3)引导句子
A.疑问副词:
whenwherehowwhy引导特殊疑问句
B.连接副词:
whenwherehowwhy引导状语从句
C.关系副词:
whenwherehowwhy引导定于从句
副词在句子中的作用
1.做状语,修饰各种形式的动词。
2.做表语,只限于那些既可做介词,又可做副词的小品词inoutupdownback等。
Thelightisstillon.Areyouthrough(withyourwork)?
3.做宾语补足语,只限于上述的小品词。
Keepyourcoatonifyoufeelcold.Iwantitbacknow.
4.做定语,只限于上述的小品词。
Writeyournameintheplacebelow.
Thebuildingaroundwerebadlydamaged.
5.做短语动词的一部分,只限于上述的小品词:
giveoffgoongeton
副词在句子中的位置
副词在句子中的位置多变,基本取决于其修饰对象在意义表达上的需要。
1.后置
1)多数副词在动词之后:
Heworkshard.
2)多数副词动在宾语之后:
He’llcomeandseeyoutomorrow.
2.中置
1)副词在主语和动词之间。
A.宾语较长,为避免副词离动词过远:
Hecarefullypickedupallthebitsofthebrokenglass.
B.含义为关于性格、智力的副词:
Ifoolishlyforgotmypassport.Hewarmlywelcomedus.
2)出于表达意义的需要,下列副词中置。
suddenly,soon,nearly,surely,almost,just,still,really等
A.在主语和动词之间:
Ialmostforgotaboutit.Shesuddenlyfellill.
B.在系词和表语之间:
Themeetingisjustover.
3.前置
1)副词在句首
A.强调.如:
recently,indeed,really,apparently,indoors,等:
RecentlyIhaven’tbeenfeelingwell.
Indoorsitwasniceandwarm.
B.疑问副词:
Howarethingsgoing?
Surelyyou’llstayfordinner.
Luckily,shewasinwhenIcalled.Honestly,Idon’tknow.
Funnilyenough,Imetheronlyyesterday.
2)程度副词放在其所修饰的词的前面:
Iwasn’tmuchsurprised.
3)only和even放在于其意义最密切相关的词的前面,是逻辑中心。
OnlyheknowssomeEnglish.Hecanonlyread;hecan’tspeak.
ShespeaksonlyFrench.I’llstayonlyfortwodays.
Evenhedoesn’tknowthisword.Sheevenhelpedustodothat.
Evenatnightheseldomrelaxed.ItwascoldeveninAugust.
练习
1.Johnhasthreesisters.Maryisthe___ofthethree.(MET88)
A.mostcleverest B.moreclever C.cleverest D.cleverer
2.Thestudentsare___youngpeoplebetweentheageofsixteenandtwenty.(MET88)
A.most B.almost C.mostly D.atmost
3.Shetoldus___storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.(MET88)
A.suchaninteresting B.suchinterestinga
C.soaninteresting D.asointeresting
4.Itisimpossibleforso___workerstodosoworkinasingleday.(MET88)
A.few,much B.few,many C.little,much D.little,many
5.Thehorseisgettingoldandcan'trun___itdid.(MET88)
A.asfasteras B.sofastthan C.sofastas D.asfastas
6.Thestorysounds___.(MET89)
A.tobetrue B.astrue C.beingtrue D.true
7.I'dbeenexpecting___lettersthewholemorning,butthereweren't___forme.(MET89)
A.some;any B.many;afew C.some;one D.afew;none
8.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced___grain___theydidlastyear.(MET89)
A.asless;as B.asfew;as C.less;than D.fewer;than
9.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.(MET90)
A.astwicemany B.asmanytwice
C.twiceasmany D.twicemanyas
10.Thepianosintheothershopwillbe,but______.(MET90)
A.cheaper;notasbetter B.morecheaper;notasbetter
C.cheaper;notasgood D.morecheap;notasgood
11.---CanIhelpyou?
---Well,I'mafraidtheboxis___heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.(MET90)
A.so B.much C.very D.too
12.---Excuseme,isthisMr.Brown'soffice?
---I'msorry,butMr.Brown___workshere.Heleftaboutthreeweeksago.(MET90)
A.notnow B.nomore C.notstill D.nolonger
13.Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith___moneyand___people.(MET90)
A.less;less B.fewer;fewer C.less;fewer D.fewer;less
14.Oh,John.___yougaveme!
(MET90)
A.Howapleasantsurprise B.Howpleasantsurprise
C.Whatapleasantsurprise D.Whatpleasantsurprise
15.---Howdidyoufindyourvisittomuseum?
---Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas___thanIexpected.(MET91)
A.farmoreinteresting B.evenmuchinteresting
C.somoreinteresting D.alotmuchinteresting
16.Canadaislargerthan___countryinAsia.(NMET91)
A.any B.anyother C.other D.another
17.Thoseorangestaste___.(MET91)
A.good B.well C.tobegood D.tobewell
18.Theexperimentwas___easierthanwehadexpected.(NMET91)
A.more B.muchmore C.much D.moremuch
19.___foodyou'vecooked!
(NMET91)
A.Howanice B.Whatanice
C.Hownice D.Whatnice
20.Goandgetyourcoat.It's___youleftit.(MET92)
A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere
21.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes___.(MET92)
A.open B.tobeopened C.toopen D.opening
22.---Areyoufeeling___?
---Yes,I'mfinenow.(NMET92)
A.anywell B.anybetter C.quitegood D.quitebetter
23.Whichis___country,CanadaorAustralia?
(MET92)
A.alarge B.larger C.alarger D.thelarger
24.---WillyougivethismessagetoMr.White,please?
---Sorry,Ican't.He___.(MET92)
A.doesn'tanymoreworkhere B.doesn'tanylongerherework
C.doesn'tworkanymorehere D.doesn'tworkhereanylonger
25.Howcanyoufinishthedrawing?
(MET92)
A.often B.soon C.long D.rapid
26.___terribleweatherwe'vebeenhavingthesedays!
(MET92)
A.Howa B.Whata C.How D.What
27.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain.It's___byroad. (MET93)
A.quick B.thequickest C.muchquick D.quicker
28.___fromBeijingtoLondon!
(MET93)
A.Howlongwayitis B.Whatalongwayisit
C.Howlongwayisit D.Whatalongwayitis
29.Shedoesn'tspeak___herfriends,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.(MET93)
A.aswellas B.asoftenas C.somuchas D.asgoodas
30.---Mum,IthinkI'm___togetbacktoschool.
---Notreally,Mydear.You'dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.(NMET93)
A.sowell B.sogood C.wellenough D.goodenough
31.---Ifyoudon'tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.
---OK,butdoyouhavesize___inblue?
Thisone'sabittightforme.(NMET93)
A.abig B.abigger C.thebig D.thebigger
32.Johnplaysfootbal___,ifnotbetterthan,Davi.(NMET94)
A.aswell B.aswellas C.sowell D.sowellas
33.Weallwrite___,evenwhenthere'snetmuchtosay.(NMET94)
A.nowandthen B.byandby C.stepbystep D.moreorless
34.---Doyouremember___hecame?
---YesIdo,hecamebycar.(NMET94)
A.how B.when C.that D.if
35.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.(NMET94)
A.thehappiesttime B.amorehappiertime
C.muchhappiesttime D.amuchhappiertime
36.---Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?
---No,I'llfinishin___tenminutes.(NMET95)
A.another B.other C.more D.less
37.---I'dlike___informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.
---Well,youcouldhave___wordwiththemanager.Hemi
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