计算机专业英语keyterm chapter 4.docx
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计算机专业英语keyterm chapter 4.docx
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计算机专业英语keytermchapter4
KeyTerms-Chapter4
AddaDeviceWizard
AWindowswizardthatprovidesstep-by-stepguidanceforselectingandinstallinganappropriateprinterdriverforanewprinter.
Android
MobileoperatingsystemoriginallydevelopedbyAndroidInc.andlaterpurchasedbyGoogle.
antivirusprogram
Autilityprogramthatguardsacomputersystemfromvirusesorotherdamagingprograms.
background
Otherprogramsrunningsimultaneouslywiththeprogrambeingusedinanoperatingsystem.Seeforeground.
BackupandRestore
AutilityprogramincludedwiththemanyversionsofWindowsthatmakesacopyofallfilesorselectedfilesthathavebeensavedontoadisk.
backupprogram
Autilityprogramthathelpsprotectyoufromtheeffectsofadiskfailurebymakingacopyofselectedorallfilesthathavebeensavedontoadisk.
BlackBerryOS
MobilephoneoperatingsystemoriginallydesignedfortheBlackBerryhandheldcomputer.
booting
Startingorrestartingyourcomputer.
ChromeOS
AnoperatingsystemdesignedbyGooglefornetbookcomputersandInternetconnectivitythroughcloudcomputing.
coldboot
Startingthecomputerafterithasbeenturnedoff.
computersupportspecialist
Specialistsincludetechnicalwriters,computertrainers,computertechnicians,andhelp-deskspecialistswhoprovidetechnicalsupporttocustomersandotherusers.
desktop
Thescreenthatisdisplayedonthemonitorwhenthecomputerstartsup.Allitemsandiconsonthescreenareconsideredtobeonyourdesktopandareusedtointeractwiththecomputer.
desktopoperatingsystems
Seestand-aloneoperatingsystem.
devicedriver
Everydevicethatisconnectedtothecomputerhasaspecialprogramassociatedwithitcalledadevicedriverthatallowscommunicationbetweentheoperatingsystemandthedevice.
diagnosticprogram
Seetroubleshootingprogram.
dialogbox
Providesadditionalinformationandrequestsuserinput.
DiskCleanup
AWindowstroubleshootingutilitythateliminatesnonessentialfiles.
DiskDefragmenter
AWindowsutilitythatoptimizesdiskperformancebyeliminatingunnecessaryfragmentsandrearrangingfiles.
driver
Seedevicedriver.
embeddedoperatingsystem
AnoperatingsystemthatiscompletelystoredwithintheROM(read-onlymemory)ofthedevicethatitisin;usedforhandheldcomputersandsmallerdeviceslikePDAs.
file
Acollectionofrelatedrecordsthatcanstoredataandprograms.Forexample,thepayrollfilewouldincludepayrollinformation(records)foralloftheemployees(entities).
filecompressionprogram
UtilityprogramsthatreducethesizeoffilessotheyrequirelessstorageonthecomputerandcanbesentmoreefficientlyovertheInternet.ExamplesofsuchprogramsareWinZipandWizard.
folder
Anamedareaonadiskthatisusedtostorerelatedsubfoldersandfiles.
foreground
Thecurrentprogramwhenmultitaskingorrunningmultipleprogramsatonce.
fragmented
Storagetechniquethatbreaksuplargefilesandstoresthepartswhereverspaceisavailableinadjacentsectorsandclusters.
gesturecontrol
Theabilitytocontroloperationswithfingermovements,suchasswiping,sliding,andpinching.
graphicaluserinterface(GUI)
Specialscreenthatallowssoftwarecommandstobeissuedthroughtheuseofgraphicsymbols(icons)orpull-downmenus.
guestoperatingsystem
Operatingsystemthatoperatesonvirtualmachines.
Help
Afeatureinmostapplicationsoftwareprovidingoptionsthattypicallyincludeanindex,aglossary,andasearchfeaturetolocatereferenceinformationaboutspecificcommands.
hostoperatingsystem
Operatingsystemthatrunsonthephysicalmachine.
icon
Graphicobjectsonthedesktopusedtorepresentprogramsandotherfiles.
iOS
PreviouslyknownasiPhone,mobileoperatingsystemdevelopedforApple’siPhone,iPodTouch,andiPad.
iPhoneOS
SeeiOS.
languagetranslator
Convertsprogramminginstructionsintoamachinelanguagethatcanbeprocessedbyacomputer.
Launchpad
AfeatureofMacOS10.7thatdisplaysandprovidesdirectaccesstoallappsinstalledonyourcomputer.
Linux
TypeofUNIXoperatingsysteminitiallydevelopedbyLinusTorvalds,itisoneofthemostpopularandpowerfulalternativestotheWindowsoperatingsystem.
Lion
AlsoknownasMacOS10.7,thisoperatingsystemintroducedLaunchpad,MissionControl,andgesturesupport.
MacOS
OperatingsystemdesignedforMacintoshcomputers.
MacOSX
MacintoshoperatingsystemfeaturingauserinterfacecalledAqua.
menu
Listofcommands.
MissionControl
AfeatureofMacOS10.7thatdisplaysallrunningprogramsatonetime.
mobileOS(mobileoperatingsystem)
Embeddedoperatingsystemthatcontrolsasmartphone.
multitasking
Operatingsystemthatallowsasingleusertorunseveralapplicationprogramsatthesametime.
networkoperatingsystem(NOS)
Interactivesoftwarebetweenapplicationsandcomputerscoordinatinganddirectingactivitiesbetweencomputersonanetwork.Thisoperatingsystemislocatedononeoftheconnectedcomputers’harddisks,makingthatsystemthenetworkserver.
networkserver
Seenetworkoperatingsystem.Thiscomputercoordinatesallcommunicationbetweentheothercomputers.PopularnetworkoperatingsystemsincludeNetWareandWindowsNTServer.
opensource
Afreeandopenlydistributedsoftwareprogramintendedtoallowuserstoimproveuponandfurtherdeveloptheprogram.
operatingsystem
Softwarethatinteractsbetweenapplicationsoftwareandthecomputer,handlingsuchdetailsasrunningprograms,storingandprocessingdata,andcoordinatingallcomputerresources,includingattachedperipheraldevices.Itisthemostimportantprogramonthecomputer.Windows7,WindowsVista,andMacOSXareexamplesofoperatingsystems.
platform
Theoperatingsystem.Applicationprogramsaredesignedtorunwithaspecificplatform.Seeoperatingsystem.
pointer
Withinanetworkdatabase,pointersareadditionalconnectionsbetweenparentnodesandchildnodes.Thus,anodemaybereachedthroughmorethanonepathandcanbetraceddownthroughdifferentbranches.
RIMOS
MobileoperatingsystemoriginallydesignedfortheBlackBerryhandheldcomputer.
sector
Sectionshapedlikeapiewedgethatdividesthetracksonadisk.
softwareenvironment(softwareplatform)
Operatingsystem,alsoknownassoftwareplatform,consistingofacollectionofprogramstohandletechnicaldetailsdependingonthetypeofoperatingsystem.Forexample,softwaredesignedtorunonanApplecomputeriscompatiblewiththeMacOSenvironment.
stand-aloneoperatingsystem
Alsocalleddesktopoperatingsystems;atypeofoperatingsystemthatcontrolsasingledesktopornotebookcomputer.
systemsoftware
“Background”softwarethatenablestheapplicationsoftwaretointeractwiththecomputer.Systemsoftwareconsistsoftheoperatingsystem,utilities,devicedrivers,andlanguagetranslators.Itworkswithapplicationsoftwaretohandlethemajorityoftechnicaldetails.
tab
Usedtodividetheribbonintomajoractivityareas,witheachtabbeingorganizedintogroupsthatcontainrelateditems.
track
Closed,concentricringonadiskonwhichdataisrecorded.Eachtrackisdividedintosectionscalledsectors.
troubleshootingprogram
Autilityprogramthatrecognizesandcorrectscomputer-relatedproblemsbeforetheybecomeserious.Alsocalleddiagnosticprograms.
UNIX
Anoperatingsystemoriginallydevelopedforminicomputers.Itisnowimportantbecauseitcanrunonmanyofthemorepowerfulmicrocomputers.
userinterface
Meansbywhichusersinteractwithapplicationprogramsandhardware.Awindowisdisplayedwithinformationfortheusertoenterorchoose,andthatishowuserscommunicatewiththeprogram.
utilities
Performsspecifictasksrelatedtomanagingcomputerresourcesorfiles.NortonUtilityforviruscontrolandsystemmaintenanceisagoodexampleofautility.Alsoknownasserviceprograms.
utilitysuite
Aprogramthatcombinesseveralutilitiesinonepackagetoimprovesystemperformance.
virtualmachine
Asoftwareimplementationofacomputerthatexecutesprogramslikeaphysicalcomputer.
virtualization
Aprocessthatallowsasinglephysicalcomputertosupportmultipleoperatingsystemsthatoperateindependently.
virtualizationsoftware
Softwarethatcreatesvirtualmachines.
virus
Hiddeninstructionsthatmigratethroughnetworksandoperatingsystemsandbecomeembeddedindifferentprograms.Theymaybedesignedtodestroydataorsimplytodisplaymessages.
warmboot
Restartingyourcomputerwhilethecomputerisalreadyonandthepowerisnotturnedoff.
WebOS
AmobileoperatingsystemthatsupportsHewlett-Packard’ssmartphonesandtabletcomputers.
window
Arectangularareacontainingadocumentormessage.
Windows
AnoperatingenvironmentextendingthecapabilityofDOS.
Windows7
OSfrom2009thathasatraditionaluserinterfacesimilartopreviousversionsofWindows.Itprovidesenhancedfeaturesincludingimprovedhandwritingrecognitionandadvancedsearchingcapabilitiesforfindingfilesandothercontentonyourcomputer.
Windows8
OSfrom2012thatisdesignedtobetterintegrateMicrosoft’sdesktopOSwithitsmobileOS.Itprovidessupportforgestures,cloudintegration,andapps.
WindowsPhone8
Introducedin2012byMicrosofttosupportavarietyofmobiledevicesincludingsmartphones.Ithastheabilitytorunmanypowerfulprogramsdesignedfordesktopandlaptopcomputers.
WindowsUpdate
AutilityprovidedintheWindowsplatformthatallowsyoutoupdatethedevicedriversonyourcomputer.
KeyTerms-Chapter4
AddaDeviceWizard
AWindowswizardthatprovidesstep-by-stepguidanceforselectingandinstallinganappropriateprinterdriverforanew
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