复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案解析.docx
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复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案解析.docx
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复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案解析
复旦大学2008年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
PartIVocabularyandStructure(15%)
Directions:
Threeare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetⅠwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
1.Althoughitisonlyasmallbusiness,its_________issurprisinglyhigh.
A.turn-upB.turn-overC.turn-aboutD.turn-out
2.Unfortunatelynotallofusobtainourjust_________inthislife.
A.demandsB.gainsC.desertsD.wins
3.Thatcontractaboutwhichwehadadisagreementlastmonth,hasnowgone__________.
A.throughB.downC.overD.around
4.The_______oftwohousesprovedsuchafinancialburdenthattheywereforcedtosellone.
A.upsurgeB.upshotC.upturnD.upkeep
5._________throughtheatticandseeifyoucanfindanythingforthejumblesale.
A.LeashB.RummageC.FlutterD.Scrape
6.Howaboutaglassoforangejuiceto________yourthirst.
A.quashB.quellC.quenchD.quieten
7.Becausethechildrenkeepinterruptingherwhenevershereadsabook,sheisalways___________herplace.
A.missingB.slippingC.botheringD.losing
8.Shewasputtingonherwatchwhenthe_________brokeanditfelltotheground.
A.beltB.stringC.tieD.strap
9.Iwashedthisdressandthecolor_________.
A.flowedB.escapedC.ranD.removed
10.Therecenteconomiccrisishasbroughtabouta_________inworldtrade.
A.sagB.tiltC.droopD.slump
11.Althoughwedecoratedtheroomonlysixmonthsago,thepaintontheceilingisalready_________becauseofthedamp.
A.crumblingB.flakingC.disintegratingD.splintering
12.Thefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,buttheydidnot_________tocloseexamination.
A.putupB.keepupC.standupD.lookup
13.Theyweremakingenoughnoiseatthepartytowakethe___________.
A.deadB.livingC.lunaticD.crippled
14.Ifyouwouldliketosendadonation,youcan________achequetotheorganizationFeedtheChildren.
A.makeupB.makeforC.makeoutD.makeoff
15.Thestudentsvisitedthemuseumandspentseveralhourswiththe________,whowasveryhelpful.
A.curatorB.bursarC.commissionerD.steward
16.Theaccusedmanwasabletoprovehisinnocenceatthetrialandwas__________.
A.absolvedB.acquittedC.pardonedD.executed
17.Marywasextremelylucky:
whenhergreat-uncledied,she__________afortune.
A.camebyB.cameoverC.cameintoD.camethrough
18.Thedrunkencoupledidnothingtokeeptheflatcleanandtidyandlivedintheutmost__________.
A.decayB.contaminationC.squalorD.confinement
19.SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut_________slightlyintheafternoon.
A.recoveredB.recuperatedC.retrievedD.regained
20.Hetriesto__________himselfwitheveryonebypayingthemcompliments.
A.pleaseB.ingratiateC.placateD.remunerate
21.Iwasafraidtoopenthedoorlestthebeggar_________me.
A.followedB.weretofollowC.followD.wouldfollow
22.Bytheendofthedaythefloodwaterwhichhadcoveredmostofthetownhad__________.
A.reversedB.retiredC.returnedD.receded
23.Educationalpoliciesmade_________thehoofbysuccessivesecretariesofstatearethemainreasonforlowteachermorale.
A.inB.onC.byD.along
24.Itwasobviousthathehadbeendrinkingfartoomuchfromthewayhecame_________downthestreet.
A.toddlingB.hobblingC.lopingD.staggering
25.Hewasagenerousfriendbutasabusinessmanhe__________ahardbargain.
A.dealtB.contractedC.droveD.faked
26.Myfriend’sson,whoisasoldier,wasdelightedwhenhewas__________onlyafewmilesfromhome.
A.placedB.stationedC.deportedD.exorcized
27.Inacoal-miningarea,thelandtendsto__________causingdamagetoroadsandbuildings.
A.subsideB.diminishC.confiscateD.cede
28.Asthecatlayasleep,dreaming,whiskers__________.
A.twitchedB.twistedC.jerkedD.jogged
29.Thetotal__________fromlastmonth’scharitydancewerefarmorethanexpected.
A.earningsB.acquisitionsC.proceedsD.subsidies
30.Thenewmanagerhadmanydifficultiestoovercomebuthe__________themallinhisstride.
A.overlookedB.obtainedC.tackledD.took
PartII
ReadingComprehension(40%)
Directions:
Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Passage1
ResalePriceMaintenanceisthenameusedwhenaretaileriscompelledtosellatapricefixedbythemanufacturerinsteadofchoosingforhimselfhowmuchtoaddontothewholesalepricehepaysforhissupplies.Thispracticeisassociatedwiththesaleof“branded”goods,whichnowformaveryconsiderableproportionofconsumers’purchases,andithasledtoagreatdealofcontroversy.
Generallysucharticlesarepackedandadvertisedbythemanufacturers,whotrytocreateaspecial‘image’inthemindsofpossiblepurchasers—animagemadeupofthelookofthearticle,itsuse,itsprice,andeverythingelsewhichmightleadpurchaserstoaskforthatbrandratherthananyother.Ifaretailerisallowedtochargeanypricehelikeshemayfinditworthwhiletosellonebrandat‘cut’priceseventhoughthisinvolvesaloss,becausehehopestoattractcustomerstotheshop,wheretheymaybepersuadedtobuymanyothertypesofgoodsathigherprices.Themanufacturerofthebrandthathasbeen‘cut’fearsthattheretailermaybetemptedtoreducetheservicesonthisarticle;but,evenifhedoesnotthereisadangerthatthecustomerbecomesunsettled,andisunwillingtopaythe‘standard’priceofthearticlebecausehefeelsthatheisbeing‘done’.Thismay,andindeedoftendoes,affectthereputationofthemanufacturerandlosehimhismarketinthelongrun.
Itissometimessaidalsothatthehousewife—whoistheprincipalbuyerofmostofthesegoods—prefersafixedpricebecausesheknowswheresheisandissavedthebotherofgoing
fromshoptoshopinsearchoflowerprices.Ifoneshopcutallthepricesofitsbrandedgoodsshewouldundoubtedlyhaveanadvantageinshoppingthere.Butthisdoesnothappen.Astoreusuallylowersthepriceofoneortwoofitsarticleswhichactasadecoyandmakesupitslossesonothers,andchangesthecut-pricearticlesfromweektoweeksoastoattractdifferentgroupsofcustomers.Andsothehousewifemayfeelratherguiltyifshedoesnotspendtimetrackingdownthecheapergoods.Howfarthisistrueisamatteroftemperamentanditisimpossibletoestimatewhatproportionofpurchaserspreferapricethattheycanrelyonwherevertheychoosetobuyandwhatproportionenjoythechallengeinvolvedinfindingthestorethatoffersthemabargain.
ThosewhoopposeResalePriceMaintenanceontheotherhand,pointoutthattherearenowagreatmanydifferentchannelsofdistribution—chainstores,departmentstores,co-operativestores,independentorunitshops,supermarkets,mail-orderhouses,andsoon.Itwouldbeabsurdtoassumethatallofthemhaveexactlythesamecoststomeetinstockingandsellingtheirgoods,sowhyshouldtheyallsellatthesameprice?
Iftheywereallowedtochooseforthemselves,themoreefficientretailerswouldsellatlowerpricesandconsumerswouldbenefit.Asitis,theretailpricemustbesufficienttocoverthecostsofthelessefficientavenuesofdistributionandthismeanstheothersmakeabiggerprofitthannecessaryattheexpenseofthepublic.Thesupportersofthefixedpricearguethatthisisonlyhalfthestory.Theefficienttradercanstillcompetewithoutloweringhisprices.Hecanofferbetterservice—longcredit,orquickdeliveryorapleasantshopdecororhelpfulassistants—andcandothiswithoutimperilingthelong-terminterestsofthemanufacturer.
31.Manufacturesopposeretailerscuttingpricesontheirgoodsmainlybecausetheythink__________.
A.retailersmayeventuallystopsellingtheirproducts
B.itmayreducecustomers’confidenceintheirproducts
C.customersmayfeeluneasywhenpricesvary
D.itmaysometimesleadtopoorservice
32Supportersofthefixedpriceholdthatanefficienttradercanstillmakemoneywithoutloweringpricesby__________.
A.allowingcustomerstimetopay
B.hiringassistantsforlonghoursandlowwages
C.advertisingmuchmoreeffectively
D.establishinglong-termrelationswithmanufactures
33.Bysaying“Hefeelsthatheisbeing‘done’”,theauthormeansthatcustomerthinks__________.
A.someoneisdespisinghimB.someoneismaltreatinghim
C.someoneisblackmailinghimD.someoneischeatinghim
34.“WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Goodserviceotherthanpriceisimportantinattractingcustomers.
B.AnarticlewithoutabrandnameisnotsubjecttoResalePriceMaintenance.
C.Manufacturesattempttoinfluencepossiblepurchasersbymakingtheirproductseasytoidentify.
D.Housewivespreferfixedpricesbecausefixedpricesaremuchlesslikelytofluctuate
35.Thesentence“Sheknowswheresheis”inthethirdparagraphcanbeparaphrasedas“__________”.
A.SheknowsherplaceB.Sheknowsherstuff
C.ShefeelssecureD.Shefeelsintoxicated
Passage2
Hebuiltahutonapieceofroughlandneararockfall.Inthewetseasontherewasaplentifulstream,andovertheyearsheencouragedthedryforesttosurroundhimwithathickscreen.Thegreeneritbecametheeasieritwastoforgettheoutside.IntimeMelio(notwithoutsometerriblemistakes)learnthowtolive
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