Notting Hill.docx
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Notting Hill.docx
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NottingHill
NottingHill
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Forthefilm,seeNottingHill(film).ForNottingHillinMelbourne,Australia,seeNottingHill,Victoria
Coordinates:
51°30′35″N0°12′15″W/51.5096°N0.2043°W/51.5096;-0.2043
NottingHill
NottingHill
NottingHill
NottingHillshownwithinGreaterLondon
OS grid reference
TQ245805
London borough
Kensington&Chelsea
Ceremonial county
GreaterLondon
Region
London
Country
England
Sovereign state
UnitedKingdom
Posttown
LONDON
Postcode district
W11&W10
Dialling code
020
Police
Metropolitan
Fire
London
Ambulance
London
EU Parliament
London
London Assembly
WestCentral
Listofplaces:
UK •England •London
NottingHillisanareainwestLondon,England,closetothenorth-westerncornerofKensingtonGardens,intheRoyalBoroughofKensingtonandChelsea.ItisacosmopolitandistrictknownasthelocationfortheannualNottingHillCarnival,thesettingforthe1999filmNottingHillstarringJuliaRobertsandHughGrant,andforbeinghometothePortobelloRoadMarket.[1]
NottingHillhasacontemporaryreputationasanaffluentandfashionablearea;[2]knownforattractiveterracesoflargeVictoriantownhouses,andhigh-endshoppingandrestaurants(particularlyaroundWestbourneGroveandClarendonCross).ADailyTelegrapharticlein2004usedthephrasethe'NottingHillSet'[3]torefertoagroupofyoungConservativepoliticians,suchasleaderDavidCameronandshadowChancellorGeorgeOsborne.However,thelargehouseshavealsoprovidedmulti-occupancyrentalsformuchofthe20thcentury,attractingCaribbeanimmigrantsinthe1950swhoeventuallyclashedwiththewhiteTeddyboysintheNottingHillraceriots.
NottingHillhashadanassociationwithartistsand"alternative"culturesinceitsdevelopmentinthe1820s.[4][5]Therearealsoareasofdeprivationtothenorth,[6]sometimesreferredtoasNorthKensington,orLadbrokeGrove,fromthenameofthestreet.
Contents
[hide]
∙1History
o1.1OriginoftheNottingHillname
o1.2Potteries&Piggeries
o1.319thcenturydevelopment
o1.4Early20thcenturydecline
o1.5Late20thcenturyrevivalandgentrification
∙2Geography
∙3AreasofNottingHill
o3.1LadbrokeGrove
o3.2NottingHillGate
o3.3PortobelloRoad
o3.4WestbourneGrove
o3.5NorthKensington
∙4Carnival
∙5Riots
∙6Seealso
∙7References
∙8Externallinks
[edit]History
[edit]OriginoftheNottingHillname
Theoriginofthename"NottingHill"isuncertain[7]thoughanearlyversionappearsinthePatentRollsof1356asKnottynghull,[8][9]whilean1878text,OldandNewLondon,reportsthatthenamederivesfromamanorinKensingtoncalled"Knotting-Bernes,","Knutting-Barnes,"or"Nutting-barns",[5]andgoesontoquotefromacourtrecordduringHenryVIII'sreignthat"themanorcalledNotingbarons,aliasKensington,intheparishofPaddington,washeldoftheAbbotofWestminster".Foryears,itwasthoughttobealinkwithCanute,butitisnowthoughtlikelythatthe"Nott"sectionofthenameisderivedfromtheSaxonpersonalnameCnotta,[10]withthe"ing"partgenerallyacceptedascomingfromtheSaxonforagrouporsettlementofpeople.[11]
[edit]Potteries&Piggeries
Brick-makingkiln,Walmerroad,northofPotteryLane.
Mainarticle:
PotteryLane
TheareainthewestaroundPotteryLanewasusedintheearly19thcenturyformakingbricksandtilesoutoftheheavyclayduginthearea.Theclaywasshapedandfiredinaseriesofbrickandtilekilns.[12]Theonlyremaining19th-centurytilekilninLondonisonWalmerRoad.[13]Inthesamearea,pigfarmersmovedinafterbeingforcedoutoftheMarbleArcharea.AvondaleParkwascreatedin1892outofaformerareaofpigslurrycalled'theOcean'.ThiswaspartofageneralcleanupoftheareawhichhadbecomeknownasthePotteries&Piggeries.
[edit]19thcenturydevelopment
Mainarticle:
LadbrokeEstate
ThearearemainedruraluntilthewestwardexpansionofLondonreachedBayswaterintheearly19thcentury.ThemainlandownerinNottingHillwastheLadbrokefamily,andfromthe1820sJamesWellerLadbrokebegantoundertakethedevelopmentoftheLadbrokeEstate.WorkingwiththearchitectandsurveyorThomasAllason,Ladbrokebegantolayoutstreetsandhouses,withaviewtoturningtheareaintoafashionablesuburbofthecapital(althoughthedevelopmentdidnotgetseriouslyunderwayuntilthe1840s).ManyofthesestreetsbeartheLadbrokename,includingLadbrokeGrove,themainnorth-southaxisofthearea,andLadbrokeSquare,thelargestprivategardensquareinLondon.
TheoriginalideawastocallthedistrictKensingtonPark,andotherroads(notablyKensingtonParkRoadandKensingtonParkGardens)areremindersofthis.Thelocaltelephoneprefix7727(originally727)isbasedontheoldtelephoneexchangenameofPARk.[14]
AnantiquedealeronPortobelloRoad
ThomasAllason's1823planforthedevelopmentoftheLadbrokeEstate,consistingofalargecentralcircuswithradiatingstreetsandgardensquares,or"paddocks".
LadbrokelefttheactualbusinessofdevelopinghislandtothefirmofCitysolicitors,Smith,Bayley(knownasBayleyandJansonafter1836),whoworkedwithAllasontodeveloptheproperty.In1823Allasoncompletedaplanforthelayoutofthemainportionoftheestate.Thismarksthegenesisofhismostenduringidea—thecreationoflargeprivatecommunalgardens,originallyknownas"pleasuregrounds",or"paddocks",enclosedbyterracesand/orcrescentsofhouses.
Insteadofhousesbeingsetaroundagardensquare,separatedfromitbyaroad,Allason'shouseswouldhavedirectaccesstoasecludedcommunalgardenintherear,towhichpeopleonthestreetdidnothaveaccessandgenerallycouldnotsee.Tothisdaythesecommunalgardensquarescontinuetoprovidetheareawithmuchofitsattractionforthewealthiesthouseholders.[15]
1841mapoftheEnvironsofLondon,showingtheHippodromeontheupperlefthandside.
In1837theHippodromeracecoursewaslaidout.[16]Theracecourseranaroundthehill,andbystanderswereexpectedtowatchfromthesummitofthehill.However,theventurewasnotasuccess,inpartduetoapublicrightofwaywhichtraversedthecourse,andinpartduetotheheavyclayoftheneighbourhoodwhichcausedittobecomewaterlogged.TheHippodromeclosedin1841,afterwhichdevelopmentresumedandhouseswerebuiltonthesite.Thecrescent-shapedroadsthatcircumventthehill,suchasBlenheimCrescent,ElginCrescent,StanleyCrescent,CornwallCrescent,andLandsdowneCrescent,werebuiltoverthecircularracecoursetracks.AtthesummitofhillstandstheelegantStJohn'schurch,builtin1845intheearlyEnglishstyle,andwhichformedthecentrepieceoftheLadbrokeEstatedevelopment.
TheNottingHillhouseswerelarge,buttheydidnotimmediatelysucceedinenticingtheveryrichestLondoners,whotendedtoliveclosertothecentreofLondoninMayfairorBelgravia.Thehousesappealedtotheuppermiddleclass,whocouldlivethereinBelgraviastyleatlowerprices.IntheopeningchapterofJohnGalsworthy'sForsyteSaganovels,hehousedtheNicholasForsytes"inLadbrokeGrove,aspaciousabodeandagreatbargain".[17]In1862ThomasHardyleftDorchesterforLondontoworkwitharchitectArthurBlomfield.DuringthisperiodhelivedinWestbourneParkVillas.Heimmersedhimselfinthecity'sliteraryandculturallife,studyingart,visitingtheNationalGallery,attendingthetheatre,andwritingproseandpoetry.Hisfirstpublishedstory"HowIBuiltMyselfAHouse"appearedinChamber'sJournalin1865.Herehewrotehisfirst―butneverpublished―novelThePoorManandtheLadyin1867,andthepoem“AYoungMan’sExhortation,”fromwhichGrahamGreenetookanepigraphforhisownnovel,TheComedians.ArthurMachen(1863-1947),theauthorofmanysupernaturalandfantasticfictions,livedat23ClarendonRoad,NottingHillGate,inthe1880s.Hewritesofhislifehereinhismemoirs,FarOffThings(1922)andThingsNearandFar(1923).HismysticalworkTheHillofDreams(1907;thoughwrittentenyearsearlier)hasscenessetinNottingHill.ItisherethattheprotagonistLucianTaylorencountersthebeautifulbronze-hairedprostitutewhowilllaterconniveathisdeath.
[edit]Early20thcenturydecline
Nos1–9ColvilleGardens,nowknownasPinehurstCourt,showingAllSaints'churchinthebackground
Thereputationofthedistrictalteredoverthecourseofthe20thcentury.Asmiddleclasshouseholdsceasedtoemployservants,thelargeNottingHillhouseslosttheirmarketandwereincreasinglysplitintomultipleoccupation.DuringtheBlitzanumberofbuildingsweredamagedordestroyedbytheLuftwaffe,includingAllSaints'church,whichwashitin1940andagainin1944.InthepostwarperiodthenameNottingHillevokedadown-at-heelareaofcheaplodgings,epitomisedbythenotoriousracketeeringlandlordPeterRachman.Theareatothenortheast,Golborne,wasparticularlyknownforbeing,inthewordsofCharlesBooth,"oneoftheworstareasinLondon".[18]SouthamStreethad2,400peoplelivingin140nine-roomedhousesin1923,andtheslumchildrenfromthisstreetweredocumentedinthe1950sphotographsofRogerMayne.Nos1-9ColvilleGardens,nowknownasPinehurstCourt,hadbecomesorundownby1969thatitsowner,RobertGubayofCledroDevelopments,describedconditionsinthebuildingsas"trulyterrible".[19]
ThedirehousingconditionsinNottingHillledBruceKenricktofoundtheNottingHillHousingTrustin1963,helpingtodrivethroughnewhousinglegislationinthe1960sand
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