历年高口NTGF原文真题.docx
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历年高口NTGF原文真题.docx
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历年高口NTGF原文真题
2014年3月高级口译听力真题NTGF含解析
NoteTakingandGapFilling
Goodafternoon,class.Iwanttostartmylecturebytellingyouastory.OncetherewasayoungwomanfromMexiconamedConsuela,whocametoNewYorktolearnEnglish.ShegotajobatafactoryownedbyaChinese.OnedayasConsuelacametowork,herChinesebosshandedheraredenvelope.Consuelalookedinsideandsaw20dollars.Shebecameveryupsetandthrewtheenvelopebackatherboss!
Herbosswasshocked.Well,hehadgivenhertheredenvelopeandthemoneybecauseitwasChineseNewYear.AndontheChineseNewYear,itistraditionaltogivemoneytoyoung,singlepeopleforgoodluck.However,fromConsuela’spointofview,hewasanoldermangivinghermoneyinanenvelope,whichmeantthathewasaskingherforsexualfavors.Naturally,sherefusedtotakethemoney.
Now,whatdoesthisstoryshowus?
Itshowsthatanactioncanhavetotallyoppositemeaningsindifferentcultures.Everyculturehasitsownrulesforwhatisappropriateandwhatisnotappropriatebehavior.Andtoillustratemypointtoday,I’mgoingtogiveexamplesfromfourareas.First,thewaypeoplegreeteachotherindifferentcultures.Second,thewaytheyusenamesandtitles.Third,thewaypeopleeat.Andfinally,thewaytheyexchangegifts.
OK,let’sstartwithgreetingcustoms—Firstofall,I’msureyouknowthatintheUnitedStatesandinmostwesterncountries,greetingsofteninvolvesomesortoftouching,suchasahandshake,ahug,orakissifpeopleknoweachotherverywell.Ontheotherhand,peoplefrommostAsiancountriesdon’tusuallyfeelascomfortabletouchinginpublic.Althoughhandshakesbetweenbusinesspeoplearecommon,manyJapanesepreferabow,whilepeoplefromThailand,normallyholdtheirhandstogetherinakindofprayerposition.SoimaginehowembarrassingitwouldbeifanAmericanwasinvitedtosomeone’shomeinJapanorThailandandshetriedtohugthehost!
Now,anotherbehaviorthatdiffersfromculturetocultureistheuseofnames.HaveyounoticedthatAmericansarequicktousepeople’sfirstnameseveniftheyhavejustmet.Forinstance,visitorstotheUnitedStatesarealwayssurprisedtohearemployeesspeaktotheirbossesusingfirstnames.Incontrast,peopleinmostotherculturesaremoreformalandprefertobeaddressedasMr.BrownorMr.Honda,forexample.Inaddition,insomecountries,suchasItalyorKorea,peoplelikeyoutoincludetheirtitleorpositionwiththeirfamilynames,especiallyifthey’reuniversitygraduatesorownersofabusiness.
NowIwanttolookateatingcustoms.I’lltalkaboutthebehaviorsconnectedwitheatingthatvaryfromculturetoculture.Oneoftheseistheuseofutensils.YouprobablyknowthatpeopleinmanyAsianculturesusechopsticksbutinsomecountriesit’scustomarytoeatwithyourfingers.It’simportanttobeawareofdifferentdiningcustoms.Hereisanotherexample.Insomecultures,eatingeverythingonyourplateisconsideredimpolite.InEgyptandChina,youshouldleavesomefoodinyourdishattheendofthemeal.Thisistoshowthatyourhostsweregenerousandgaveyoumorethanenoughtoeat.However,Americansgenerallyconsideracleanplateasasignofsatisfactionwiththefood.
Finally,whatIwanttomentiontodayisgiftgiving,whichyoumaythinkisauniversalcustomandthereisnotmuchvariationfromculturetoculture.Buttherulesofgiftgivingcanbeverycomplicated.InUSA,ifyou’reinvitedtosomeone’shomefordinner,bringwineorflowersorsmallitemasapresent.Ontheotherhand,theJapanesegivegiftsquitefrequently,oftentothanksomeone,suchasateacheroradoctor.IntheJapaneseculture,giftgivingisaveryancienttraditionandithasmanydetailedrules.Anotherinterestingfactaboutgiftgivingisthatmanycultureshavestrictrulesaboutgiftsyoushouldnotgive.Forexample,nevergiveyellowflowerstopeoplefromIran,whichmeansyouhatethem!
【评析】
本文题材对考生来说并不陌生,是老生常谈的文化差异。
作者先从一个故事引入,再从四个方面(打招呼,称谓,饮食及送礼)介绍各国不同的风俗习惯。
做笔记时,从这四个角度进行归类,记下关键的实词,相信正确答案就近在咫尺了。
【难词】
bown.鞠躬
addressv.称呼
utensiln.餐具
universaladj.普遍的,通用的
2013年9月高级口译听力真题NTGF含解析
NoteTakingandGapFilling
Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen.Lastweek,wetalkedaboutsomeimportanttermsinenvironmentalscience.Shallyoustillrememberthem,right?
Sointoday’senvironmentalscienceclass,Iwanttodiscussafewofthetermshere,actuallysomeideasabouthowwemanageourresources.Let’stalkaboutwhatthatmeans.
Ifwetakeresourceslikewater,nowmaybeweshouldgetalittlebitmorespecifichere,backfromamoregeneralcaseandtalkaboutundergroundwaterinparticular.Sohydrogeologistshavetriedtofigureouthowmuchwatercanwetakeoutfromundergroundsources.Thathasbeenanimportantquestion.Letmeaskyouguys,howmuchwater,basedonwhatyouknowsofar,couldyoutakeoutof,say,anaquifer…underthecity.Asmuchaswhatgetsrecharged?
Ok.Sowewouldn’tliketotakeoutmorethannaturallycomesintoit.Theimplicationisthat,well,ifyouonlytakeasmuchoutascomesin.You’renotgoingtodepletetheamountofwaterthatstoresinthere.Right?
Wrong.Butthat’stheprinciple.That’stheideabehindhowwemanageourwatersupplies.It’scalledSafeYield.Basicallywhatthismessagesaysisthatyoucanpumpasmuchwateroutofthesystemasnaturallyrecharges,asnaturallyflowsbackin.Sothisprincipleofsafeyieldisbasedonbalancingwhatwetakeoutwithwhatgetsrecharged.Butwhatitdoesisitignoreshowmuchwaternaturallycomesoutofthesystem,andnaturalsystemofcertainmatterofrechargecomesinandcertainmatterofwaternaturallyflowingoutthroughsprings,streamsandlakes,andoverlongtermstheamountthat’sstoredintheaquiferdoesn’treallychangemuch.It’sbalanced.Nowhumanscomeinandstarttakingwateroutofthesystem.Howhavewechangedtheequation?
It’snotbalancedanymore.Right.Wetakewateroutbutwateralsonaturallyflowsout.Andtherechargeratedoesn’tchange.Sotheresultiswe’vereducedtheamountofwaterthatstoresintheundergroundsystem.Ifyoukeepdoingthatlongenough,ifyoupumpasmuchwateroutasnaturallycomesin,graduallytheundergroundwaterlevelwilldrop.Andwhenthathappens,theycan’tfixservicewater.How?
Well,undergroundsystemstherearenaturaldischargepoints,placeswherethewaterflowsoutfromtheundergroundsystemsandintolakesandstreams.Well,adropofwaterlevelcanmeanthosedischargepointswilleventuallydryup,andthatmeanswater’snotgettingtolakesandstreamsthatdependonit.Soweendupreducingthesurfacewatersupply,too.Youknow,inthestateofArizona,we’remanagingsomemajorwatersupplieswiththeprincipleofsafeyieldandunderthismethodtheywilleventuallydryupthenaturaldischargepointsofthoseaquifersystems.Now,whyisthisanissue?
Well,aren’tsomeofyougoingtowanttoliveinthestateforawhile?
Won’tyourkidsgrowuphere,andyourkids’kids?
Youmaybeconcernedwith“doseArizonahavewatersupplieswhichissustainable—akeywordhere.Whatthatmeans?
Thegeneraldefinitionofsustainableiswhetheritisenoughtomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityofthefuturetohavetheavailabilitytohavethesameresources.Now,Ihopeyouseethesetwoideasareincompatible---sustainabilityandsafeyield.Becausewhatsustainabilitymeansisthatit’ssustainableforallsystemsthatdependonthewater,forthepeoplewhouseit,andforsupplyingwatertothedependentwaterbodieslikesomestreams.SoI’mgoingtorepeatthis.So,ifweareusingasafeyieldmethod,we’reonlybalancingwhatwetakeoutwithwhatgetsrecharged,butdon’tforget,wateralsoflowsoutnaturally.Thentheamountthathasstoredundergroundgraduallygetsreduced,andthatisgoingtoleadtoanotherproblem:
thesedischargepointswithwaterflowingoutthelakesandstreams,they’regoingtodryup.Ok?
【评析】话题environmentalscience
本段落选自TOEFLOGPracticeTest1Q11-16,重点讲了undergroundwater地下水的平衡问题。
虽然听上去很吓人,但其实原理是大家都熟悉的,即抽取过多地下水,会破坏原有的地下水平衡,导致水量减少。
【关键词】
aquifer蓄水层
hydrogeologist水文地质学家
safeyield安全水量
equation平衡
recharge再装填
discharge流量
incompatible不相容的,矛盾的
第一时间:
2013年春季高级口译听力NTGF解析
听力原文:
Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?
Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentinexploring,investigatingandresearchingsomethingwithsofewbenefits?
Whyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonearthorinourowncountry?
Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmake-up.Whatdroveourdistantancestorstomovefromthetreesontotheplains?
Wasitthelackofskillstocompeteinoneecologicalniche?
Ifsotheadaptationselectedforafterthemovehaveresultedinthespeciesexpandingintoallpossibleareasandenvironment,thedrivetospreadgeneticmaterialandensurethesuccessofnotjustthespeciesbutofonetypeofgeneticmaterial.Thewiderthedistributionofaspecies,thebetterthechanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthebuilt-ingeneticpredispositiontoexpandintoallpossibleniches.Culturallynearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasbeenwillingtoexplore.Inexploring,dangersofsurroundingareasmaybelearnedandpreparedfor.Dangersmaybepoliticalenemiesinneighboringcultures,physicalfeaturesofthearea,achangeintheareawhichmightaffectfoodsuppliesoranyothernumberoffactors.Allposearealdangerandallmaybemadelessdangerousifcertainpreparationsaremade.Withoutknowledge,thedangermaystrikeandcompletelydestroy,withknowledge,theeffectsorconsequencesmaybelessened.Explorationa
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