Unit4Word格式文档下载.docx
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Unit4Word格式文档下载.docx
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,so"
itisselfishtostaychildlessaftermarriage,andthat“theno-childfamilyflyinthefaceofbiologyandsociety.”Wehavealsonoticedthatinacommercialsociety,manymendriftintotheparenthood.Dotheyhavetomakeavirtueoutofnecessitytorearachildevenwhendon'
twantto?
1)
CathyandWayneN.areintheirlate20'
shavebeenmarriedfiveyears,andarechildless.ThelasttimeamemberofCathy'
sfamilyasked,“whenareyougoingtostartafamily?
”Heranswerwas"
Weareafamily!
"
2)
CathyandWaynebelongtoagrowingnumberofyoungmarriedcoupleswhoaredecidingnottohavechildren.Arecentsurveyshowedthatinthelastfiveyearsthepercentageofwivesaged25to29whodidnotwantchildrenhadalmostdoubledandamongthose18to24ithadalmosttripled.Whatliesbehindthisdecisionwhichseemstoflyinthefaceofbiologyandsociety?
3)
PerhapsthemostpublicoutspokenchildlesscoupleareEllenPeck,authorofTheBabyTrap,andherhusband,William,anadvertisingexecutivewhoispresidentoftheNationalOrganizationforNon-parents.ThePecksinsistneithertheynortheorganizationisagainstparenthood,justagainstthesocialpressuresthatpushpeopleintoparenthoodwhetheritiswhattheyreallywantandneedornot.
4)
"
It'
salife-stylechoice,"
Ellensays.“Wechosefreedomandspontaneity,privacyandleisure.It'
salsoaquestionofwhereyouwanttogiveyourefforts–withinyourownfamilyorinthelargercommunity.Thisgenerationfacesseriousquestionsaboutthecontinuityoflifeandaswellasitsquality.Ourgrandchildrenmayhavetobuyticketstoseethelastredwoodsorlineuptogettheiroxygenration.Therearemenwhocomplainaboutbeingcaughtinatrafficjamforhoursontheirhometotheirfivekidsbutcan'
tmaketheassociationbetweenthechildrenandthetrafficjam.Inaworldseriouslythreatenedbytheconsequencesofoverpopulationwe'
reconcernedwithmakinglifewithoutchildrenacceptanceandrespectable.Toomanychildrenarebornasaresultofculturalcoercion.Andtheresultsshowupinthestatisticsondivorceandchild-abuse.”
5)
Herhusbandadds,“Everyfriend,relativeandbusinessassociateispressuringyoutohavekids'
andfindwhatyou'
remissing.'
Toomanypeoplediscovertoolatethatwhattheyweremissingwassomethingtheyweretotallyunsuitedfor.”
6)
AndEllenagain:
“Fromthefirstdolltosoapoperastococktailparties,thepressureoralwaystheretobeparents.Butlet'
stakealookattherateofparentalfailure.Perhapsparenthoodshouldberegardedasaspecializedoccupationlikebeingadoctor.Somepeoplearegoodatitandtheyshouldhavechildren;
otheraren'
t,andtheyshouldfeeltheyhaveotheralternatives.”
7)
Professionalobserversagreethatmanypeoplehavechildrenforthewrongreason,somethingfornoreasonatall.Menoftendriftintofatherhoodwithoutevermakingadeliberatechoice.Formanywomenpregnancycanbeawaytoescapefromunresolvedconflicts,toachieveinstantidentityorstrengthenapoorself-image,togratifyaneedfortheattentionandaffectiontheyfeeltheyneverhadaschildren.
8)
Italkedwithanumberofspecialistsinthefieldofhumanbehavioraboutwhymanyyoungmarriedcouplesdecidenottohavechildren.Theirreactionsvariedwidely.Afamilytherapistdescribedthedecisionnottohavechildrenas“abasicinstinctualresponsetotheworldsituationtoday,”implyingthatsomethingliketheherdinstinctinanimalswasoperatingasaresponsetothedangersofover-population,crowding,pollutionandnuclearwar,causingwomentofeelareluctancetoreproduceandleadingthemtoseeknewwaysofrealizingthemselvesoutsideoffamilylife.
9)
Morethanonepsychiatristsuggestedthatthosewhowanttoremainchildlessarenarcissistic–makingavirtueoutofnecessitybyrationalizingtheirinnerconflictaboutgivingcarevs.beingtakencareof.“Therearepeoplewhocan'
ttoleratetheideaofcaringforchildren,whohavenomarginoflovetosparethem,”saidone,adding,“You'
regoingagainstsomethingwith100,000yearsofbiologybehindit.”Acolleagueofhischimedin,“well,weallrationalizeourdeficits,andthesepeopleprobablyshouldn’thavechildrenwhatevertheirrealmotivesare,forthesamereasonthereoughttobeliberalabortionlaw.Thereshouldonlybeenthusiasticparentsinthisworld.”
10)
PsychologistDonaldM.Kaplanbelievesthatwhilesomepeoplehavealwaysoptednottohavechildren,theincreasedfrequencyweareseeingisinthosechildrenofthenineteen-fortiesandfiftieswhowereraisedbyparentswhosecharacterstylehadshiftedfromwhatsociologistDavidRisesmancalled“inner-directed”to“other-directed,”andthattheseother-directedparentshadtworelevanteffectsontheirchildren.Onewastogivethemagreaterfeelingof"
narcissisticentitlement"
fromlife-----.Theotherwasthelossofasenseofcertainty.Theyaremoreopentoself-doubt,hesays,morepreoccupiedwiththeirbodies,theirlife-styles,lessabletomaintainstableattachmenttoothers.Thedecisiontohaveababy,hethinks,isthekindofdecisionsuchpeoplemightbemostlikelytopostpone.Itcan'
tbemodified,can'
tbeundone.
11)
“Manyoftheseyoungadultsareambivalentaboutrelinquishingtheroleoftheonewhoiscaredforandtakingonthatoftheonewhodoesthecaring,”saysDr.Kaplan.
12)
Dr.E.JamesAnthonyisprofessorofchildpsychiatryatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineandco-authorof“Parenthood,itsPsychologyandPsychopathology.”InarecentconversationDr.Anthonysaid,“ManypeopleI’vetalkedtoareveryconcernedabouttheirownfutureandthefutureofchildreninthisrathertroubledworld.Inthepasttherewasalwaysafeelingimplicitintheculturethatparenthoodwassomethingverysignificant,attractive,enriching,creative.Nowitseemstobegoingbytheboard.Thereseemtobesomanyotheropportunitiesforwomentoexpressthemselvescreativelyandfamilyliferequiresthemtogiveupsomanythingsthattheemphasisonfamilyoftheworld,doesn'
treallyringabellwithmanyyoungpeople.”
13)
“Ithinkthatpartofwhat'
shappeningisthattheambivalenceofparentstodayisbeingpassedonunconsciouslytotheirchildren.Childrenareagreatdealoftrouble,andperhapsmoresotodaythaneverbefore.Theycanbeapainintheneck.Theirprecociousdevelopment,adolescentacting-out,drug-taking,allloomasproblems.Theyoungpeoplefeel,‘iftheydon'
treallywantus,whyshouldwewanttohavechildren?
’thentheyrationalizethisfeelingintermsoftheexternalquestionslikewhattheworldhastooffer.Theyaskquestionslike,‘whyaddtothepopulationexplosion?
Whycreatepeoplewhowillhavetofacealltheproblemsthatareapproachinginthenextcentury?
’”
14)
“Despitetheirstatedmotivesfornothavingchildren,thequestionariseswhetheryoungpeoplereallyinfactleadricherlivestoday.Ifindthatmanycollegestudentstodayfeelstrangelyempty.Theyliveinaworldfullofstimuliofallsortsbutlackasenseofinnersatisfactionthatmanyrelatetothesebasicbiologicthings.”
15)
Whateverelsetheydisagreeon,theexpertsallseemtobesayingthatit'
snotwhetheryouhavechildrenordon'
tthatreallymatters,whatmattersisthatyouarecomfortableaboutwhatyoudo.Ifyoudon'
thavechildrenandyouhavemuchinnerconflictaboutit,you'
llbemiserableinyourchildlessness;
ifyouhavechildrenandregretit,you'
llbemiserableandyourchildrenwillbemiserabletoo.Thepointseemstobetoknowyourself,toacceptyourdeeperfeelingsandnotmakesuchanimportantlifedecisionbecauseit'
sthethingtodoortosatisfyunrealisticfantasies,ortogiveyourparentswhattheywantortoescapefromotherresponsibilities.
16)
Somepeopleareafraidtoadmittheirownfeelingsofthekindmanyofthechildlesscouplesinterviewedcouldacceptaboutthemselves---whattheycalledbeing"
selfish"
.Theyareashamedtoadmittheywouldrathertravelthanbringupchildren.Butwhatifthatiswhatchangedandifyoudonotrecognizewhatyoursreallyare,youwillnotmakethechoicesthatarerightforyou.
17)
Formany,ofnotmostpeople,thejoysofparenthoodaswellasitsproblemsarewhatlifeisallabout.Toseeone'
schildrengrowanddevelopintoindividuals,andtoseeoneselfcontinueoninthem,canbetherichestexperiencebetweenone'
sownbirthanddeath.Buttherearealsopeopleforwhomlivinginatimeinwhichattitudesseemtobefreeingupinawaywhichenablesincreasingnumbersofmenandwomentoquestiontheway“everybody”livesifthatisnotthewayisrightforthem.Themorepeoplecontinuetoaskthemselvessuchquestionsaswhetherornottheyreallywanttoraiseafamilybeforetheybegintodoso,thefewerunhappyparentsandtroubledchildrentherewillbe.
A.
TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.
ASomeobserverssuggestthatperhapswhatweareseeingisnotarealchangeatall,that,likethesexualrevolution,itisnotreallyarevolutioninbehaviorbutinexpression.||"
Itmaybe"
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