英语语言学试题集锦.docx
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英语语言学试题集锦.docx
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英语语言学试题集锦
试题
(一)
一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确答案,并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分,共20分)
1.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are___.( )
A.gradableopposites B.relationaloppositesC.co-hyponyms D.synonyms
2.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar .( )
A.JacobGrimm B.RasmusRaskC.FranzBopp D.SirWilliamJones
3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas__.( )
A.unusual B.somethingtobefearedC.abnormal D.natural
4.__producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.( )
A.Broca'saphasic B.Thelinguisticdeprivation
C.Thedamageontheangulargyrus D.Wernicke'saphasic
5.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:
.( )
A.Theycannotpronounce/n/
B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongue
C.Theteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethod
D.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds
6.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__word.( )
A.apolysemous B.asynonymous C.anabnormal D.amultiple
7.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit?
”is__.( )
A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative
8.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein__andvocabulary.( )
A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure
9.__dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.( )
A.Linguisticgeography B.LexicologyC.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics
10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas__.( )
A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adult
C.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult
II、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。
)
11.Asthefirststepoftheirscientificinvestigationoflanguage,linguistshavetoobserveandcollectlinguisticf___________beforetheycandoanythingelse.
12.Phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalleds___________rules.
13.Anindependentunitofmeaningthatcanbeusedfreelybyitselfiscalledaf___________morpheme.
14.Ac___________sentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingword,suchas"and","but","or".
15.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofwords,phrases,andsentencesiscalleds___________.
16.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledtheC___________principleproposedbyJ.Grice.
17.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturalt___________acrossgenerations.
18.Languageitselfisnotsexist,butitsusemayreflectthes___________ attitudeconnotedinthelanguagethatissexist.
19.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"s___________speech,"andspeechas"overtthought."Insuchacase,speakingandthinkingtakeplacesimultaneously.
20.I___________isthelanguagethatalearnerconstructsatagivenstageofSLA.
三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。
)判断下列各题正误,正者在括号内写“T”,误者在括号内写“F”,并说明理由。
( )21.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.
( )22.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:
/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.
( )23.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.
( )24.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.
( )25.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.
( )26.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.
( )27.ThedivisionofEnglish intoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.
( )28.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.
( )29.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.
( )30.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
)
31.culturaltransmission(asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage)
32.phonicmediumoflanguage
33.voicing
34.inflectionalmorphemes
35.reference
36.locutionaryact
37.protolanguage
38.ethnicdialect
39.registers
40.acculturation
五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分。
)
41.Whydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements?
Supportyourstatementwithexamples.
42.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.
试题
(一)参考答案
一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确答案,并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分,共20分)
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B
6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B
一、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
11、facts 12、sequential 13、free 14、coordinate 15、semantics
16、Cooperative 17、transmission 18、social 19、subvocal 20、Interlanguage
二、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
21.F Thecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention.
22.T23.F Somecompoundscontainmorethantwowords.
24.T
25.F Itisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointisthetwoexpressions"morningstar"and"eveningstar."Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferinsense.
26.T27.F ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisconventionalandsomewhatarbitrary.
28.T29.T
30.F Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe"moredifficult"sounds.
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)
31.Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted,ratheritisculturallytransmitted,i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.
32.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication,i.e.thespeechsounds.
33.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.
34.Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories,suchas-ed,-(e)s,-estinEnglish.
35.Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweentheformandthereality.Forexample,ifwesay,"Thedogisbarking,"wemustbetalkingaboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerinthesituation.Theactualdogtheword"dog"referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceoftheword"dog".
36.Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying"Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen",thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.
37.Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.
38.Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage,oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation,suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.
39.Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.
40.Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.
五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分)
41.Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretree hasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements.
Forexample,thephrase"theoldmenandwomen"mayhavetwointerpretations,i.e.theadjective"old”maymodifythenoun"men",orthefollowingtwonouns"menandwomen".Linearorderanalysiscannottellthisdifference,soitisambiguous.Whereas,theconstituentortreediagramsanalysiscanmakethisdifferenceclear.So,wesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureanalysis.
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