国际结算.docx
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国际结算.docx
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国际结算
Internationalsettlementpaper
系别:
金贸系
班级:
国贸093
姓名:
张倩
学号:
0912528
指导老师:
尚博
提交时间:
2012-6-14
Content
Keywords2
Summary2
Ⅰ、Introduction:
theroughintroductionofSettlement2
(1).Themeaningandthecreatureoftheinternationaltrade2
(2).Themeaningandtheimportanceoftheinternationalsettlement3
(3).Themainpartiesofinternationalsettlement3
(4).Basiccontentofinternationalsettlement3
(5).Thepartofthepaymentmethod4
(6).Thesystemofthesettlement4
Ⅱ、ExplainthethreeIdentifyandmainpartsofinternational4
(1).Thecontentsoftheinternationalsettlement4
(2).Thereasonwhynegotiableinstruments,paymenttechniques,documentsmakeuptheinternationaltrade5
Ⅲ、Chequesareatypeofbillsofexchange:
Chequesandbillofexchangearethemainpartofthenegotiableinstruments6
(1).Themeaningofcheque6
(2).Themeaningofbillofexchange6
(3).Thecharacteristicsofbillofcheques7
(4).Thecharacteristicsofbillofexchange7
(5).Differencebetweenchequesandbillofexchange7
(6).Commonpointsofchequesandbillofexchange8
Ⅳ、Thedifferencebetweenfactoringandforfaiting,andthepracticalapplication8
(1).Themeaningoffactoring8
(2).Themeaningofforfaiting9
(3).commonpoint:
bothofthemisthequicklymethodsofinternationalfinance9
(4)Differencebetweenfactoringandforfaiting9
Acknowledgements11
References11
Internationalsettlement
Keywords:
internationalsettlement;paymentinstruments;documents;factoring;forfeiting
Summary:
thepaperelaboratestheroughstructureofthesettlement.Bylistingthethreeimportantpaymentinstrumentsandconcludingthedifferencebetweenchequesandbillofexchangeanddifferencebetweenfactoringandforfaiting,introducedthemaindocumentsandincreasinglypopularpaymentinstruments,letreadersknowthatwhatthesettlementreallyisandhowtheimportersandexportersusesettlementtodealwithinternationaltrade.
Ⅰ、Introduction:
theroughintroductionofSettlement.
(1).Themeaningandthecreatureoftheinternationaltrade
Whenthedomestictradeofcountryhasdevelopedmaturlly,itwillextenditstradescopefromnationtoworld.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Iholdthattheinternationaltrademeansacountryproviderelativepoliticstoinspireit’sdomesticenterprisedevelopingimportsandexports.Soimportscanofferconsumersmoregoodsatlowerprices,also,exportscanenlargetheforeigncurrencyofthenation,andcanstimulatethedevelopmentandjobcompetitive.Inall,internationaltradeisplayinganincreasingroleinalmosteverycountry.Ithasdriventhethirdindustryandspeedupthequalityofourlife.Internationaltradehasfollowingcreature:
Transactionalactivity.
Evidentinstability.
Largerisk.
Widescopeandintermediatelinks.
(2).Themeaningandtheimportanceoftheinternationalsettlement
Theinternationalsettlementisanimportantpartoftheinternationaltrade.Itmainlyconductedamongdifferentcountries,copingwiththepayoffandcollectionofthepaymentforgoods.Theboomingoftheinternationaltradehasledtheinternationalsettlementnecessary.Intheinternationaltrade,themainparticipantsarebuyersandsellers.Thebuyerwishestogetthegoodsorderedandpaidfor,andthesellerwishestogetpaidforthegoodsshipped.Theessenceoftheboththebuyerandtheseller’sconcernsiswhetherthecounterpartfulfillsthecontractbecauseoftheriskshinderedininternationaltrade,itisevidentthatconcernofbothsidesisjustaboutmoney.Therefore,internationalsettlementbecomesnecessary.Thedevelopmentofinternationalsettlementhasexperiencedthreemajorparts,firstly,fromcashsettlementtonon-cashsettlement.Secondly,fromdirectpaymenttoindirectpayment.Thirdly,frompaperdocumentstoelectronicdocuments.Withthesethreeparts,manyinstrumentsandagentbankstartappear,anditalsooriginatemanypricetermstocountthepayment,suchasFOB、CIF、CFRandsoon.
(3).Themainpartiesofinternationalsettlement
Importersandexporters;
Relevantfinancialcompany
Correspondentbanks;
InternationalorganizationssuchasIMF,IFC,ICC.
(4).Basiccontentofinternationalsettlement
Internationalsettlementcentersonpaymentmethodswhichinturncoverthosemajoritemsassalesamount,currencyusedandhowtomakeorcollectpaymentsforeachindividualtransaction.Thus,settlementisalsocalledpaymentmethods.So,paymentmethods,financialinstrumentsandcommercialdocumentsarethethreeimportantandrelatedpartsofinternationalsettlement.
(5).Thepartofthepaymentmethod
Paymentmethodsincluding:
Paymentsinadvance,openaccount,remittance,collection,letterofcredit,bankguarantee,andsoon.
(6).Thesystemofthesettlement
1、policiesandprocedures;
2、amediumforstoringandtransmittingpaymentinformation;
3、financialintermediariesfororganizinginformationflow,valuetransferinstructions,andgenerallyadministeringpaymentactivities;
Ⅱ、ExplainthethreeIdentifyandmainpartsofinternational
(1).Thecontentsoftheinternationalsettlement
1、negotiableinstruments:
anegotiableinstrumentsisaninstrumenttherightsonwhichcanbetransferredeasilyfromonepersontoanother,includingbillsofexchange,promissorynotes,cheques,dividendwarrants,bearerbonds,billsoflading,insurancepolicies,warehousewarrants,treasurybills,certificatesofdeposits,etc.alloftheseinstrumentssharethecommoncharacteristics,suchasnegotiability,unconditionalpromiseorordertopay,requisiteinform,non-causativenature,etc.thenegotiableinstrumentshaslotsoffunction,forexample,billsofladingcanbeusedtosettledebtsamongtradersfromdifferentcountries,adraftisnotonlyameansofpaymentbutalsoacreditinsurance.
2、paymenttechniques.Withthedevelopmentoftheinternationaltradeandmorebankshadinvolvedintradefinance,morepaymenttechniquesarebecomingincreasinglyimportant.Themosttwoimportantpaymenttechniquesarefactoringandforfeiting.Also,thecommontechniquesincludingconsignment,openaccount,documentarycollection,letterofcredit,guarantee,standbyletterofcredit,paymentinadvanceandsoon.
3、Documents.Ithinkthatdocumentsareplayingaroletestifyingthatthesellerhadfulfilledtheobligationsandshippedthegoodsfollowingthecontract.Whenthedocumentshadtransferredfromonepersontoanother,notonlydiditmeanthetransferofthegoods,butitalsomeanthattheownershipofgoodshadbeentransferred,forcontrollingdocumentsmeanscontrollinggoods.Allofdocumentsaremadebydifferentorganizations.Forexample,drafts,commercialinvoice,packinglistsaremadebyexporters,billsofladingorinsurancepoliciesareissuedbyprofessionalorganizations,exportlicenses,certificatesoforiginandcertificatesofinspectionareissuedbygovernmentalorsocialorganizations.
(2).Thereasonwhynegotiableinstruments,paymenttechniques,documentsmakeuptheinternationaltrade
Thesethreepartsarenecessaryandmutuallyeffect.Theinternationaltradecannotgoonwithoutanyoneofthethreeparts.Firstly,thedocumentsincludingdrafts,billsoflading,insurancepolicies,certificateoforigin,etc.thesedocumentsarethepreconditionforbuyertopayoffthepayment,andbecauseofthelargerisksininternationaltrade,thesedocumentsassurethesafetyofthetradeandcanreducetheriskswhichbuyersorsellerswillencounter.Forexample,theformofdraftsdrawnunderacreditmustcomplywiththerequirementsbythenegotiableinstrumentlaw.SoIthinkthatthedocumentsarethebasicofthepaymenttechniquesandnegotiableinstruments.Also,paymenttechniquesandnegotiableinstrumentsaremutuallyrestraint.Differentpaymenttechniquesdecidedifferentnegotiableinstruments.Accordingtothedifferenttradeandpaymenttechniquesbetweenexportersandimporters,negotiableinstrumentscanbeSightbillsorUsancebillsorBanker’sbillsorTrader’sbills,alsoForeignbillsandInlandbills.Sothenegotiableinstrumentsarechangedaccordingtodifferentpaymenttechniques.Inall,thenegotiableinstruments,paymenttechniques,documentsareessentialforancompleteinternationalbusiness.
Ⅲ、Chequesareatypeofbillsofexchange:
Chequesandbillofexchangearethemainpartofthenegotiableinstruments.
(1).Themeaningofcheque
Chequeisdefinedasabillofexchangedrawnonabankerpayableondemand.Itisanunconditionalorderinwriting,signedbythepersongivingit,requiringthebankertowhomitisaddressedtopayondemandasumcertaininmoneytoaspecifiedpersonortobearer.Achequeusuallycontainsthefollowingitems:
theword“cheque”clearlyindicated;anunconditionalordertopayinwriting;thenameofthepayingbank;thesignatureofthedrawer;placeanddateofissue;addressofthedraweebank;asumcertaininmoney;nameofpayee.
(2).Themeaningofbillofexchange
Billofexchangeisanthreepartynegotiableinstruments:
thedrawer-thepersongivingtheordertopay;thedrawee-thepersontowhomtheorderisaddressed;andthepayee-thepersontowhomthesumcertaininmoneyispaid.Abillofexchangeincludestheword“Exchange”;anunconditionalordertopayafixedamountofmoney;thenameandaddressofthedrawee;thesignatureofthedrawer;dateandplaceofissue.
(3).Thecharacteristicsofbillofcheques
1、Thedrawermustmatchthecertaincondition;
2、Paymentatsight;
3、Thedraweeofthechequesmustbebanks.
4、Ingeneral,thedrawerofthechequesisprincipaldebtor.
5、Chequesneedn’tpayinterests.
6、Chequesalwayswereonesheetwithoutcopy.
(4).Thecharacter
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