dectation.docx
- 文档编号:14882928
- 上传时间:2023-06-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:31
- 大小:39.52KB
dectation.docx
《dectation.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《dectation.docx(31页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
dectation
Balloons
Balloonshavebeenusedforsportforabout100years.Therearetwokindsofsportballoons,gasandhot-air.Hot-airballoonsaresaferthangasballoons,whichmaycatchfire.Hot-airballoonsarepreferredbymostballoonistsintheUnitedStatesbecauseoftheirsafty.Theyarealsocheaperandeasiertomanagethangasballoons.Despitetheeaseofoperatingaballoon,pilotsmustwatchtheweathercarefully.Sportballoonflightsarebestearlyinthemorningorlateintheafternoonwhenthewindislate.Overtheyears,balloonistshavetriedunsuccessfullytocrosstheAtlantic.Itwasn'tuntill1978thatthreeAmericanballoonistssucceeded.Ittookthemjust6daystomakethetrip,fromtheirhomesintheUnitedStatetoParis,France.Theirvoyagecapturedtheimaginationofthewholeworld.
Perceptions
Askthreepeopletolookoutofthesamewindowatabusystreetandtellyouwhattheysee.Probably,youwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.Eachpersonseesthesamething,buteachperceivesomethingdifferentaboutit.Perceivinggoesinourminds.Afterthreepeolewholookoutofthewindow.Onemaysaythatheseesapolicemangivingadriveraticket.Anothermaysaythatheseesarush-hourtrafficjamatthestreetcorner.Thethirdmaytellyouthatheseesawomantryingtocrossthestreetwith4children.Forperception,isthemind'sinterpretation,ofwhatthesensesinthiscaseoureyestellus.Manypsychologiststodayareworkingtotrytoexplainjusthowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworldaroundhim.Usingascientificmethod,thepsychologistssetupexperiments.Theyaretryingtofindoutwhatmakesdifferentpeopleperceivetotallydifferentthingsaboutthesamething.
Salt
Wedonotknowwhenmenfisrtbegantousesalt.Butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthrougholdhistory.Historicalevidentshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedover3000yearsagoatesaltedfish.ThousandsofyearsagoinEgypt,saltwasusedtopreservethedead.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeduringsomeperiodsofhistory.In18thcenturyforinstance,ifapersonwasaccountstealingsalt,hecanbeputinjail.Historyrecordsthatabout10,000peoplewereputinjailduringthatcenturyforstealingsalt.About150yearsbefore,intheyear1553,takingmoresaltthanonewasallowedtowaspunishableasacrime,theoffender'searwascutoff.Saltwasanimportantitemonthetableofroyalty.Itwastraditionalyplacedinfrontofthekingwhenhesatdowntoeat.Importantguestsattheking'stablewillsitnearthesalt.Lessimportantguestwillbegivenaseatfartherawayfromit.
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
beputinjail:
被送进监狱
punishable:
该受惩罚的
offender:
罪犯
cutoff:
切断,中断
GardeninginAmerica
Believeornot,43,000,000Americansaregardening.Thatisaboutoneinsix.Gardeners,ofcourse,comeinmanyvarieties.Notsurprisingly,mostofthemarepeoplewholiveinthesuburbs,andenjoyplantingflowers,ormaybeasmallvegetablegarden.
TheaverageageofgardenersinAmericaisabout45yearsold;theyusuallyfallsomewhereinthemiddleclass.Butthefastestgrowinggroupsarecitydwellers.Urbanresidentsarefindingwaysofgardeningevenintheircrowdedareas.Manygotolargepublicgardens,asaplacedesignedbythecityforgarden,andyoucanactuallyranchyourownplot.
Stillotherpeopleusetheirbalconiesorrooftops,wherevertheycanfindthespacetoplantsmallpatchesofgreen.
UsefulWordsandExpressions:
suburb郊区
dweller居民
ranch经营牧场
balcony阳台
Oxford
Oxfordisanexceptionallyolduniversitytown,ontheRiverThames,about60milesfromLondon.Unlike modernuniversitytownswhereyouusuallyfindtheuniversitiesontheedgeofthetownoronitsowncampus,Oxford’scenteristheuniversities;andallaroundthecrossroadsattheveryheartofOxford,therearegraystoneCollegesandotheruniversitybuildings.Inthecenter,youcanalsofindinterestingoldpubsandpavedpassages.LikeallEnglishtowns,thereareparks,andone,“theParks”,istheleafyhomeofuniversitycricketinthesummermonths.AsyouleavethecenterandgotowardstheoutskirtsofOxford,youcanseeindustrialestatesandacarfactoryinonedirection;andinanother,attractiveandexpensivesuburbs.Thereis,infact,quitealotofindustryinOxford.
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
RiverThames:
泰晤士河(英国著名的“母亲”河,英国第二大河流)
paved:
铺设好的
leafy:
树叶繁茂的
cricket:
蟋蟀,板球运动
outskirt:
外边,郊外
industrialestate:
工业园区
suburb:
近郊,郊区
Self-concept
Theself-conceptisacomplexstructure.Thiscomplexityisillustratedbytheideaofmultipleselves.Weseemtobeadifferentpersonineachofmanydifferentsituations,andanexamplemayclarifythisconcept.First,pictureyourselfanathleticevent.Now,contrastthisimagewithoneofyourselvestakingafinalexam.Finally,imagineyourselfatworkonaverybusyday.Youshouldprobablydescribeyourselfdifferentlyineachsetting.Whichimageisreallyyou?
Ofcourse,allare.Wehavemultipleselveseachdependentonthecontext.Togethertheyformourself-concept.Itisthecontextthatmakescertainaspectsofourself-conceptmoreimportantattheparticularmoment.Self-conceptiscomposedofourbeliefs,valuesandattitudes.Ourbeliefsgiveourself-conceptstheirsubstance;ourvaluesgivethemaspirationsandstandards;andourattitudesgivethemmotivation.Thesethreeelementsprovide astructureinwhichwedevelopandbuildourselves.
Americanweddingcustoms
Weddingdaysareoftenconsideredthemostimportantdayofmanypeople’slives.Forthisreasonalone,throughoutthepastandintomodernday,numerouscustomsandsuperstitionshavedevelopedaroundtheweddingevent,inhopesofcreating"ThePerfectDay!
"Averycommoncustomstillhonoredtodayisinreferencetoatime-oldsaying,"Somethingold,somethingnew,somethingborrowed,somethingblue,andasilversixpenceinsideyourshoe".Sooldisthisthattracingitbacktoitsoriginationisnearlyimpossible.The"old"isbelievedtobethefriendsandfamilyattendingthewedding.The"new"isrepresentedbythecouplethemselves,asa"new"union.The"borrowed"issomethingfromthefamiliesthatistobereturned.Something"blue"isinterpretedtorepresentthebride’svirginity.Thesixpencecanbeanyformofmoney,tuckedintothebride'sshoe,thistobringwealthtotheunion,bothinmonetarymeansandlove.
Youfoundajob,nowhowdoyousavemoney
Savingyourhard-earnedmoneycanbedifficult.Asmostofusenjoyspendingratherthansaving.Icertainlyhadatoughtimeholdingontomymoneyeverypayday.WhenIgotmyfirstfewpaychecks,rightawayIspendthecoldhardcashI'dearnedbyhardwork.ButIquicklyrealizedthatthissortofspendingwouldn'treallyhelpmegetthethingsIwanted.SoImadeapactwithmyself.IpromisethatbeforeIdidanythingwiththemoney,Iwoulddepositatleast50%ofthemoneyintomysavingsaccount.Thatway,Ieliminatedthetemptationtospendthatmoney.AfterIgotusedtosavingmymoney,itwasmucheasierformenottobetemptedtobuythingswhenIsawthem.WhenIsawaCD,orvediogamethatlookedpeeling,Ilearntoaskmyself,"DoIreallyneedthis?
"Askingthisquestionhelpedmeappreciatemymoney,andnotletitslipoutofmywalletquitesofast.
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
payday:
n.发薪日
pact:
n.协定,条约
deposit:
v.存款
eliminate:
v.消除,排除
temptation:
n.诱惑
betemptedto:
受诱惑做...
peeling:
退层
slipout:
溜走
wallet:
钱包,皮夹
LightPollution
Weusuallythinkofpollutionasaharmfulwastesubstancethatthreatenstheairandwater.Butsomepeoplehavebecomeconcernedaboutanotherkindofpollution.Itcanbeeverywhere,dependingonthetimeofday.Anditisnotthoughtofasasubstance.Itislight.
Theideaoflightpollutionhasdevelopedwiththeincreaseoflightsincities.Inmanyareas,thislightmakesitdifficultorimpossibletoobservestarsandplanetsinthenightsky.Lightpollutionthreatenstoreducethescientificvalueofresearchtelescopes.
Lightpollutionistheresultofwastedenergy.BrightlightthatshinesintotheskyisnotbeingusedtoprovidelightwhereitisneededonEarth.Lightsthatarebrighterthannecessaryalsocauselightpollution.Recently,twoItalianastronomersandanAmericanenvironmentalscientistcreatedaworldmapofthenightsky.ThemapshowsthatNorthAmerica,WesternEuropeandJapanhavethegreatestamountoflightpollution.(165words)
UsefulWordsandExpressions
substance 物质
amineralsubstance 矿物
thesubstanceofaspeech 讲话的要旨
amanofsubstance 财主
insubstance 实质上,本质上,大体上
sacrificethesubstancefortheshadow 只图虚名不求实效;舍本逐末
wasteone'ssubstance 浪费钱财
becomeconcernedabout 开始关心;关心,担忧
planet n. 行星
telescope n. 望远镜
astronomer n.天文学家
AnOldSaying
Todayweexplainaveryoldsayingthathashadabiginfluenceonrock-and-rollmusic.Thatsayingisarollingstonegathersnomoss.Ithasseveralmeanings.Onemeaningisthatapersonwhoneversettlesdowninoneplacewillnotbesuccessful.Anotheristhatsomeonewhoisalwaysmoving,withnorootsinoneplace,avoidsresponsibilities.
Thisproverbwassaidtobefirstusedinthe1500s.Butinthe1960s,theexpressionrollingstonebecamefamousintheworldofrock-and-rollmusic.Itbecamethenameofarockgroup,asongandamagazine.
ExpertssayitallstartedwithasongbytheAmericansingerandguitaristMuddyWaters.Hewasoneofthecountry'stopbluesmusiciansuntilhisdeathin1983.HismusicinfluencedsingerslikeElvisPresleyandBobDylan.In1950,MuddyWatersrecordedason
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- dectation
![提示](https://static.bingdoc.com/images/bang_tan.gif)