book2.docx
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book2.docx
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book2
BOOK2
Unit1-2
[复习要点]:
1.复习1-2单元的重点词汇。
Rebuildprovinceengineerguildpickfamous
locateperiodprotectextendpopulationcondition
carryamountthickcenturytotalclimb
smokeexcitedladygentlemanhistoryinterest
squarepalacemuseumlightseemshop
2.复习1-2单元的重点短语。
TheGreatWallpickupbefamousforbelocatedinplaceofinterest
byhandsuchasandsoontrafficlight
beforcedtodobeinstylegreengroceryintotal
2.复习1-2单元的语法:
被动语态,动词不定式
3.复习1-2单元的情景交际。
4.复习1-2单元的重点句型
[知识链接]
词汇整理
(一)根据提示写出下列英语单词或汉语意思
1.________v.重建2._________n.龙
3.__________n,工程师4.___________adj.著名的
5.________v.位于坐落于6._________v.延伸
7.___________v.攀登攀爬8._________n.交通通行
9._________n.末端尽头10.__________n.买东西购物
11._________n.部系12.______n.女售货员
13._________v.宁愿较喜欢14._______adj廉价的便宜的
15._______adv.容易地16.可利用的__________
17.天天堂__________18.国家州_________
19.时期时段__________20.长度_____________
21.人口人口数____________22.强迫_________
23.烟雾_________24.商店___________
25.store___________26.receipt________
27.history_________28.ancient_________
29.perfect__________30.cash_________
31.expensive______32.national_________
(二)重点短语英汉互译
1.____________长城2.____________位于
3._____________导致引起4._____________拾起捡起
5.____________以—而著名6.__________名胜古迹
7.______________手工的8.___________例如
9.___________等等10._____________被迫做
11.___________在流行中12.___________总共
13._____________乘出租车14.___________现金付账
15.____________刷卡
重点句型
1.ItislocatedinthenorthofChina.
2.Thewallswerebuilttoprotectthesestates.
3.Itissaidthatabout1millionpeopleonefifthofChina`spopulationatthetime.
4.Ittookthemmorethantenyearstobuildnitunderterribleconditions.
5.Doesthisroadleadtonit?
6.Chinesesilkblousesareinstylenow.
7.WhatsizedoesyourwifeWear?
8.Iamsureyoucanfindwhatyouwantthere.
[交际用语]
Dialogue1
Jake:
Excuseme.IamafraidIhavelostmyway.CouldyoutellmewhereIam?
Wanglin:
YouareonQianjinstreetnow.Wherewouldyouliketogo?
Jake:
IwanttogobacktotheGreatWallHotel.Doesthisroadleadtoit?
Wanglin:
Iamafraidnot.Haveyougotamap?
letmeshowyouonthemap.
Jake:
Thankyou.Hereisthemap.
Dialogue2
Jake:
MayIhelpyou?
Wanglin:
Canyouhelpmefindaskirt?
Jake:
Whatsizewouldyoulike?
Wanglin:
Extralarge.
[考点分析]
考点一:
Iprefer________athometo______outside.
Astaying,playBtostay,playCstaying,playingDtostay,playing
解题分析:
答案C考察prefer的用法preferdoingsthtodoingsthelse
当堂演练
1.Weprefer________atthepartyto________.
A.tosing,danceB.singing,dancingC.tosing,dancingD.sing,dance
2.Doyoupreferclassicalmusic_____popmuisic?
A.orB.toC.atD.in
语法点破
语法一
(一) 语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如:
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:
助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
以 give 为例,列表如下:
一般现在时:
am / is / are + done
一般过去时:
was / were + done
一般将来时:
shall / will + be done
一般过去将来时:
should / would + be done
现在进行时:
am / is / are + being + done
过去进行时:
was / were + being + done
现在完成时:
have / has + been + done
过去完成时:
had + been + done
将来完成时:
shall / will + have been + done
过去将来完成时:
should / would + have been + done
[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态
1. 一般现在时:
(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.
Rice is grown in the south of the country.
2. 一般过去时:
(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory lastmonth.
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
3. 一般将来时:
(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.
Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
4. 过去将来时:
(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.
5. 现在进行时:
The radio is broadcasting English lessons.
6. 过去进行时:
(1)The workers were mending the road.
The road was being mended.
7. 现在完成时:
(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.
8. 过去完成时:
(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.
(四) 含有情态动词的被动语态:
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
You must hand in your compositions after class.
Your compositions must be handed in after class.
(五) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。
“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in + 名词作状语,而代替 by 短语。
These cars were made in China.
(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1) My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
主语 谓语 宾语
→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.
主语 谓语 宾语
(2) The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略。
如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
被动语态练习题
1. ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( )7 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
( ) 8 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
( ) 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
( ) 10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
语法二
1)动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】
Tocompletethe30storiedbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.
Todothatimpliestakingresponsibility.
当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
【例如】
Itisimportantformodernyoungpeopletomasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages.
It做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:
a)Itis+形容词(easy,important,difficult,foolish,inconvenient,unnecessary,right,wrong...)+(for/ofsb.)+不定式
【例如】
ItisessentialtoreserveatableinadvanceofChristmasEve.
Itishardtoputmyhopessintoswords.
Itisnoteasytocatchfishwithyourhandsonly.
ItisimportantforusyoungpeopletolearnEnglishandmasterit.
b)Itis+名词(apleasure,apity,apleasantthing,one’sduty,anhonor,ashame,acrime,noeasyjob...)+不定式
Itisasheerwasteoftimetoreadthatkindoftrash.
Itisapitytohavetogowithouther.
Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.
c)Ittakes(sb.)sometime(hours,months,days,alotoftime,patience...)+不定式
IttakesmethreehourstolearnEnglisheachday.
Ittookthemhalfthenighttogethomeinthesnow.
2)动词不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。
【例如】
Themostimportantthingforone’shealthistohaveplentyofexercise.
Mychiefpurposehasbeentopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.
Thepurposeoftheorganizationistogreetallnewcomerstothecityandtoprovidethemwithanynecessaryinformation.
WhatIwantedwastogettheworkdoneasquicklyaspossible.
3)动词不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语:
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,preparepretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
Iliketogooutforwalksinthewarmsunshineinspring.
Mymotherhatestomovefromplacetoplace,forshefeelstired.Idecidetoworkhardandgetdoctor’sdegree.
Theroomisdesignedtobemystudy,butnowithastobeusedasabedroomfortheirchildren.
Shefailedtofinishtheassignmentintime,andshewasworriedaboutit.
4)“whword+不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,which,who,whom,whose)或疑问副词(where,when,how,why),以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语,其作用相当于一个从句,这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种动词不定式短语的动词有:
know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
【例如】
Icouldn’tdecidewhichbooktochoose.Icantellyouswherestogetthisbook.TheyfoundithardtodecidewhethertogoswimmingnextSundayortovisitAuntSallyinNewYear.“whword+不定式”结构除了作宾语外,还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】
Whentostarttheprogramremainsundecided.Thequestionishowtoputtheplansintospractice.
5)动词不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。
或用于soas和inorder之后,来强调这种目的。
【例如】
Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,youmustmakepainstakingefforts.
Mothersavedeverycentshecouldsparetopayformyschooling.Wemustdevelopscienceandtechnologyathighspeedsoastoraisescientificandculturallevelofourcountry.
InsgroupstogetahighmarkinBand4,hedidalotofexercisesbothingrammarandreadingcomprehension.
b)动词不定式表示结果,特别是在so...asto,such...asto,onlyto...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
IrushedtothestationasfastasIcould,onlytofindthetrainalreadygone.
Sheleftherhometownwithherbelovedman,nevertoreturn.Nooneistoooldtolearn.
Wouldyoubesokindastocarrythel
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