conocophillips 能源词典.docx
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conocophillips 能源词典.docx
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conocophillips能源词典
Conocophillips能源词典
Glossary-A
AccommodationPlatform/Rig
Anoffshoreplatform,or semi-submersiblerig,builtoradapted toprovidelivingquartersfordrillingandproductionpersonnel.
Acreage
Landleasedforoilandgasexplorationanddevelopment;usuallydescriptiveofmorethanonelease.
Additive
Atermusedgenerallytoindicatespecialchemicalsthatmaybeaddedtoproductstoimprovetheircharacteristics.
AirDrilling
Arotarydrillingtechniqueinwhichcompressedairisusedinsteadoffluidstocirculate,orbringtothesurface,bitsofrockandothercuttingsfromthedrillbit.
AirInjection
Anenhancedrecoverytechniqueinwhichairisinjectedintothepetroleumformationtoincreasereservoirpressure.
AirLift
Aproductiontechniqueinwhichanairbalancebeampumpingunitisusedtoliftoiltothesurface.
Alkylation
Arefiningprocessforconvertinglight,gaseous olefins intohigh-octanegasolinecomponents(thereverseofcracking).
Alloy
Acompositionoftwoormoremetals.
Annulus
Thespacebetweenthedrillstringandtheearthenwallofthewellbore,orbetweentheproductiontubingandthecasing.
APIGravity
TheuniversallyacceptedscaleadoptedbytheAmericanPetroleumInstitute(API)forexpressingthedensityofliquidpetroleumproducts.ThehighertheAPIgravity,thelightertheoil.
AppraisalDrilling
Drillingcarriedoutfollowingthediscoveryofanewfieldtodeterminethephysicalextent,amountofreservesandlikelyproductionrateofthefield.
AppraisalWell
Awelldrilledaspartofanappraisaldrillingprogram.
ARDS
Therefiner'sshorthandfor"atmosphericresidualdesulfurization,"arefiningprocessthatremovessulfurfromoils.
Aromatics
Classofhydrocarbonsthathaveatleastonebenzeneringaspartoftheirstructure.Generallydescribesbenzeneandbenzenederivatives. Theseproductsareusedascomponentsofunleadedgasolinesandasfeedstocksforpetrochemicalssuchascyclohexaneandparaxylene,bothofwhichareusedinendproductslikenylonsandpolyesters.
ArtificialDrives
Techniquesforproducingoilafterdepletionorinlieuofnaturaldrives;includeswaterflooding,naturalgasreinjection,inertgasinjection,fluegasinjectionandin-situcombustion.
ArtificialLift
Anyofthetechniques,otherthannaturaldrives,forbringingoiltothesurface.
AssociatedGas
Naturalgasfoundinassociationwithoil,eitherdissolvedintheoilorasacapoffreegasabovetheoil.
AssociatedLiquids
Liquidhydrocarbonsfoundinassociationwithnaturalgas.
AviationGasoline
High-performancepetroleumfuelsmadespecificallyforpistonengine,propeller-drivenairplanes.
Glossary–B
Barge
Non-self-propelledmarinevesselusedascargotankers,equipmentandsupplycarriers,craneplatformsandsupportandaccommodationbasesinoffshoredrilling,andassubmarinepipe-layingvessels.
Barrel
Asthestandardunitofmeasurementofliquidsinthepetroleumindustry,itcontains42U.S.standardgallons.Abbreviatedto"bbl."
BarrelofOilEquivalent(BOE)
BOE=gasvolumesdividedbysixandaddedtocrudeandnaturalgasvolumes.
BasementRock
Theancientrockthatliesbelowsedimentarystrata;itdoesnotcontainoilorgas.
Bedrock
Thefirmbaserocktowhichisanchoredthegeologicalstructureofinteresttopetroleumgeologists.
Benzene
Anaromatichydrocarbonpresenttoaminordegreeinmostcrudeoils.Someimportantproductsmanufacturedfrombenzenearestyrene,phenol,nylonandsyntheticdetergents.
Blending
Thetechniqueofcombiningtwoormorepetroleumliquidstoproduceaproductwithspecificcharacteristics.
Block
Ageographicalareathatincludesseveralseparateoilandgaslicensetracts.
BlockLeases
Acontractwithdiverseownersofseparatelyleasedoilandgastractsthatenablesanoilcompanytodrilloneortwotestwellsinsteadofonewellpertract.
BlockNumber
Thenumericaldesignationassignedtooffshoreleaseandlicensetracts,orsubdivisionsofthetracts.
BlowMolding
Aplastics-formingprocessthatusescompressedairtoshapethefinalproductbyexpandingittofitthemold.
Booster
Apumpsysteminstalledtomaintainorincreasepressureinpipelinessothatliquidsandgaseskeepflowing.
BOPD/BPD
Barrelsofoilperday;barrelsperday.
BottomOut
Toreachtheobjectivedepthindrillingawell.
Bottom-holeAssembly
Thecomponents,togetherasagroup,thatmakeupthelowerendofthedrillstring–comprisingthedrillbit,drillcollars,drillpipeandancillaryequipment.
Bottoms
Theheavyportions,orfractions,ofacrudeoilthatdonotvaporizeduringdistillation;theaccumulationofsediments,mudandwaterinthebottomsofleasetanks.
Butadiene
Abutanederivativethatisoneofthemostwidelyusedrawmaterialsusedinthemanufactureofsyntheticrubber.
Butane
Refersusuallytoamixtureofisobutaneandnormalbutane.Aflammable,gaseoushydrocarbon.Usedasfuel.
Bypass
Apipeconnectedaroundavalveorothercontrolmechanisminaflowlineforthepurposeofmaintainingflowduringadjustmentsorrepairwork.
By-product
Asubstanceobtainedincidentallyduringthemanufactureorproductionofsomeothersubstance.
Glossary–C
C-store
Conveniencestore.
CapRock
Animperviouslayerofrockthatoverliesareservoirrock,thuspreventinghydro-carbonsfromescapingtothesurface.
Capillaries
Theminutespaces,cracksorporesinrockthroughwhichhydrocarbonfluidsmoveinresponsetonaturalforces.
Capping
Tightlyclosingawellsothatoilornaturalgascannotescape.
Carbon
Thebaseofallhydrocarbons;capableofcombiningwithhydrogeninalmostnumberlesshydrocarboncompounds.Thecarboncontentofahydrocarbondetermines,toadegree,thehydrocarbon'sburningcharacteristicsandqualities.
Casing
Steelpipethatiscementedintoawelltopreventthewellborewallfromcavingin,tostopdrillingfluidsfromlosingcirculationandtopreventwaterandotherfluidsfrominvadingthewellbore.
CasingPerforation
Theholesmadeinthelinerofafinishedwelltoallowoilornaturalgastoflowintotheproductiontube.
CasingSeat
Thelowestpointatwhichcasingisset.
Casinghead
Thetopofthecasingsetinthewell;thepartofthecasingthatprotrudesabovethesurfaceandtowhichthecontrolvalvesandflowpipesareattached.
CasingheadGas
Gasproducedwithoilfromanoilwellasdistinguishedfromgasfromagaswell.Thecasingheadgasistakenoffatthetopofthewellorattheseparator.
CasingheadGasoline
Liquidhydrocarbonsseparatedfromcasingheadgasbythereductionofpressureatthewellheadorbyaseparatororanabsorptionplant.
Catalyst
Substancethataidsorpromotesachemicalreactionbetweenothersubstances,butdoesnot,itself,enterintothereaction.
CatalyticCracking
Apetroleumrefiningprocessinwhichheavyhydrocarbonmoleculesarebrokendown(cracked)intolightermoleculesbypassingthemoverasuitablecatalyst(generallyheated).
Cementing
Thetechniqueofpumpingcementintothespacebetweenthecasingandthewellborewallinordertoholdthecasinginplace.
Choke
Adevicetorestricttherateofflowduringthetestingofanexploratorydiscovery.
Circulation
Thetechniquesforbringingrockcuttingsfromthebottomofthewellboretothesurfacebycontinuouslypumpingdrillingmuddownthroughthe drillstring andupthe annulus duringrotarydrilling.
CleanCirculation
Descriptiveofdrillingmudsreturningtothesurfacewithoutrockcuttings.
Closed-in
Descriptiveofawellthatiscapableofproducing,butisnotproducingatthetime.
Coal
Asolidfossilfuelconsistingmainlyofcarbonproducedbythecompressionofdecayedplants.
CoalbedMethane
Amethane-rich,sulfur-freenaturalgascontainedwithinundergroundcoalbeds.
Cogeneration
Thesimultaneousproductionofelectricityandsteamfromasingleprocess,whichrequiresuptoone-thirdlessfuelthanseparateproduction.
Coke
Hardcarbonandothercrudeoilimpuritiesthatcanforminsidefurnacetubes.
CommercialField
Anoilornaturalgasfieldthat,underexistingeconomicandoperatingconditions,isjudgedtobecapableofgeneratingenoughrevenuestoexceedthecostsofdevelopment.
Commingling
Producingoilandgasfromtwoormorereservoirsatdifferentdepths.
CompletingaWell
Theprocessbywhichafinishedwelliseithersealedofforpreparedforproductionbyfittinga wellhead.
Concession
Ageographicareathatislicensedorleasedtoacompanyforagivenperiodforexplorationanddevelopmentunderspecifiedtermsandconditions.
Condensate
Atermusedtodescribelightliquidhydrocarbonsseparatedfromcrudeoilafterproductionandsoldseparately.
Conservation
Regulationofoiland/orgasproductionfromareservoirinordertoprolongitslifeandhopefullyrecoveralargerquantityoftheoilorgasinplace;reinjectionofassociatedgasforfutureuse. Also,environmentalprotectionandpreservation.
Consortium
Agroupofunrelatedcompaniesactingtogetherinaspecificventure.
ContinentalShelf
Theedgeofacontinentalmassthatliesundertheseaincomparativelyshallowwater(uptoawaterdepthofabout800feet).
Copolymer
A polymer manufacturedfromtwoormoredifferent monomers. Anexampleisbutadiene-styrene.
Co-venturer
Apersonorcompanyjoinedwithothersinaparticularventure.
Cracking
Therefineryprocessinwhichlarge,heavy,complexhydrocarbonmoleculesarebrokendownintosimplerandlightermoleculesinordertoderiveavarietyoffuelproducts.
CrudeOil
Amineraloilconsistingofamixtureofhydrocarbonsofnaturalorigin,yellowtoblackincolor,ofvariablespecificgravityandvisco
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