广东省佛山市高明区高明实验中学任务型阅读单元测试题一.docx
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广东省佛山市高明区高明实验中学任务型阅读单元测试题一.docx
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广东省佛山市高明区高明实验中学任务型阅读单元测试题一
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.
Ifyoushowerbeforebed,you'veprobablywonderedwhethersleepingwithdamphairisaproblem.Maybeyou'vehearditcouldmakeyousick,orthatitcandamageyourhairorskin.
What'sthetruth?
Let'saddressthe"itcanmakeyousick"mythfirst."________"saysDr.WilliamSchaffner,aprofessorofmedicine.Whilethisideapersists,Schaffnersaysitwaslongagodisproved.It'struethatyou'remuchmorelikelytocatchacommoncoldduringthewintermonths.Butthishastodowiththewaysrespiratory(呼吸的)virusesspread,hesays.
________ Illness-causingbacteriaandvirusesdon'tappearnaturally,andsoyou'renotgoingtomakeyourselfillbygettingyourpillowalittledampatnight,Schaffnersays.Butthereisapossibleexception.Someresearchhasshownthatpillows—especiallythosemadewithsyntheticmaterials—cancontainasthma-orallergy-triggeringmolds(哮喘或致敏菌)andfungus,whichtendtodowellindampenvironments,andsododustmites,saysDr.PayelGupta,aspokespersonfortheAmericanLungAssociation.
Guptasaysthere'snoevidencethatpeoplewhosleepwithwethairexperiencemoreallergyorasthmasymptoms.________ Butifyouwakeupwithastuffynose,itchyorwateryeyes,breathingproblemsorotherallergyorasthmasymptoms—orevenifyoudon't—youshouldwashyourpillowcasesandsheetsinhotwateratleastonceaweektoreduceyourexposuretoanypotentialirritants(刺激物).
Whenitcomestothehealthofyourhairandskin,theremaybeafewotherreasonstoworryaboutwethair."Generally,it'sthoughtnottobegoodforhairtosleepwithitwet,"saysDr.GeorgeCotsarelis,aprofessorofdermatology(皮肤病学),"________"
It'salsoworthnotingthatalmostanythingyoudotoyourhair—frombrushingandblow-dryingittocoloringitorexposingittothesun—candamageit.
A.Hence,anyconcernsaboutwethairaretheoretical.
B.Insomecases,wethairmayactuallybeahelpfulsleepaid.
C.Overtime,itcanleadtobreakages,aswellasalossofshine.
D.Theremaybesomemildrisksassociatedwithgoingtobedwithwethair.
E.Anotherwet-hairrumor(谣传)istheideathatharmfulbacteriawillcolonizeyourpillow.
F.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitofcustomthatgettingyourselfchilledandwetwillcauseyoutocomedownwithacold.
【答案】F;E;A;C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍人们普遍认为湿着头发睡觉不利于健康,但是毫无科学依据,但湿头发睡觉对头发有不利影响。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“Whilethisideapersists,Schaffnersaysitwaslongagodisproved.”可知,尽管这个观点仍然存在,但是很久之前就被证明是错误的,F.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitofcustomthatgettingyourselfchilledandwetwillcauseyoutocomedownwithacold.“这个观点似乎和旧的观念相融合,这一观念认为感受到冷和湿润很可能会感冒”,承接下文,切题,故选F。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“Illness-causingbacteriaandvirusesdon'tappearnaturally,andsoyou'renotgoingtomakeyourselfillbygettingyourpillowalittledampatnight,Schaffnersays.”可知,致病病菌不会自然出现,因此,不用因为打湿了一点枕头就觉得会感冒,E.Anotherwet-hair rumor (谣传)istheideathatharmfulbacteriawillcolonizeyourpillow. “关于湿头发的谣言就是细菌会占满你的枕头”,后文对这个观点进行了反驳,切题,故选E。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“Guptasaysthere'snoevidencethatpeoplewhosleepwithwethairexperiencemoreallergyorasthmasymptoms”可知,没有证据表明因为湿头发睡觉更有可能过敏或者风湿症状,A.Hence,anyconcernsaboutwethairaretheoretical.“因此,任何关于湿头发的担忧都是理论上的”,没有实际意义,开启下文,切题,故选A。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“Generally,it'sthoughtnottobegoodforhairtosleepwithitwet”可知,一般说来,湿头发睡觉对头发不好,C.Overtime,itcanleadtobreakages,aswellasalossofshine. “长时间这样的话,头发容易断,无光泽”,承接上文,切题,故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2.请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
Fightingthecurseofpresenteeism
"It'struehardworkneverkilledanybody,butIfigure,whytakethechance?
"Beyondacertainlevel,extraeffortseemstobeselfdefeating.Studiessuggestthat,after10hoursaweek,employeeproductivityfallssharply.
Butthatdoesn'tstopsomemanagersfromdemandingthatworkersstaychainedtotheirdeskforlongperiods.JackMa,thefounderofAlibaba,recentlyapplaudedthe"996"model,whereemployeesworkfrom9amto9pm,sixdaysaweek,asahugeblessing".However,tomodemofficeworkerspresenteeismisacurse.
Therewillbedayswhenyoudonothavemuchtodo,justwaitingforsomeoneelsetorespondtoarequest.Astheclocktickspast5pm,theremaybenopurposeinstayingatyourdesk.Butyoucanseeyourbosshardatworkand,moreimportant,theycanseeyou.Soyoumakeanefforttolookbusy.
Ifbossesdonotliketogohomebeforetheirunderlings(下属)andunderlingsfearleavingbeforetheirbosses,everyoneistrapped.Staffmayfeelthattheywillnotgetapayrise,orapromotion,iftheyarenotseentobeputtinginmaximumeffort.Thisiseasilyconfusedwithlonghours.Managers,whoareoftennogoodatjudgingemployees5performance,usetimeintheofficeasameasurement.
Butpresenteeismhasmoreseriousconsequences.Aswellasreducingproductivity,thiscanincreasemedicalexpensesfortheemployer.Accordingtoastudy,thesecostscanbesixtime:
higherforemployersthanthecostsofabsenteeismamongworkers.Totakeoneexample,researchfoundthatJapaneseemployeeswithlowerbackpainwerethreetimesmorelikelytoturnupforworkthaninBritain.Asaresult,thoseworkersweremorelikelytoexperiencegreaterpainandtosufferfromdepression.Whatcouldbemorediscouragingthanbeinginpainwhilefeelingtrappedatwork?
"Noneofthisistosaythatemployersarenotentitledtoexpectworkerstobeintheofficeforasmallamountoftime.Unavoidablytherewillbeaneedforsome(preferablyshort)meetings.Dealingwithcolleaguesfacetofacedevelopsfriendships,allowsforausefulexchangeofideasandenablesworkerstohaveabettersenseoftheircommonneeds.
Withportablesmartphonesandlaptops,wecanworkathomeaseasilyasintheoffice.Turninganofficeintoaprisondoesnothingforthecreativitythatisincreasinglydemandedofofficeworkersasroutinetasksareautomatic.Tobeproductiveyouneedpresenceofmind,notbeingpresentintheflesh.
Fightingthecurseofpresenteeism
________
Modemofficeworkersstaychainedtotheirdeskforlongperiods.
Contributingfactors
•Thestaffthinkitmaygivethema(n)________ togetapayrise,orapromotion.
•Employees'performanceis________intermsofworkinghours.
Consequences
•Employeesworkless________,somepretendingtobebusy.
•Moremedicalexpenseshavetobe________ byemployersfortheirstaff.
•Workershavea________tobebothphysicallyandmentally.unhealthy.
•Itisofno________tothedevelopmentofcreativity.
________ offacetofacecontact
•Itdevelopsfriendships.
•Itmakesausefulexchangeofideas________.
•Itenablesworkersto________eachother'sneeds.
Conclusion
Tobeproductiveyouneedpresenceofmind,notbeingpresentintheflesh.
【答案】Phenomenon;edge/advantage;judged/evaluated/measured;productivity;paid/covered/afforded;tendency;use/help;Benefits;facetoface;understand
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了老板如何应对工人工作中的不满。
(1)考查信息归纳。
根据文章内容结合表格,先给出现象,讨论这种现象的原因、后果。
因此答案Phenomenon。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的"Staffmayfeel……notgetaraise,orapromotion……efforts"得出答案是givesb.anedge/advantage“给某人优势”。
故填edge/advantage。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Managers,whoareoftennogoodatjudgingemployees5performance,usetimeintheofficeasameasurement.”,老板不擅长评判员工的表现,就会把时长作为考核手段得知答案是考核,故填evaluated/measured/judged。
(4)考查原词复现。
根据第五段中的“ Aswellasreducingproductivity,thiscanincreasemedicalexpensesfortheemployer. ”和第三段中的“ Soyoumakeanefforttolookbusy.”,可知答案是productivity。
(5)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Aswellasreducingproductivity,thiscanincreasemedicalexpensesfortheemployer. ”,可得知雇主还需多支付员工的医疗费用,因而表格中更多的医疗费用要雇主为员工负担。
注意被动语态的使用,故填 paid/covered/afforded。
(6)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“Asaresult,thoseworkersweremorelikelytoexperiencegreaterpainandtosufferfromdepression. ”可以得知员工工作时长过长,不仅身体上出现健康问题,心里上也遭受巨大压力,haveatendencyto固定短语,“有……倾向,有……趋势”,故填tendency。
(7)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"……doesnothingforthecreativity……"可知答案是beofnouse固定短语“毫无帮助”,所以填use/help。
(8)考查推理判断。
根据表格给出的内容可知都是facetofacecontact的好处,因而由文章内容概括为benefits,注意表格中第一栏首字母大写,故填 Benefits。
(9)考查细节理解。
很据第六段中的“Dealingwithcolleaguesface-to-facedevelopsfriendships,allowsforausefulexchangeofideasandenablesworkerstohaveabettersenseoftheircommonneeds.”,可知在阐述face-to-face的工作方式,因而答案为facetoface,面对面的思想沟通、意见交流。
(10)考查推理判断。
根据第六段中的"Dealingwithcolleaguesfacetofacedevelopsfriendships,allowsforausefulexchangeofideasandenablesworkerstohaveabettersenseoftheircommonneeds"可知答案是更好的明白。
故填understand。
【点评】本题涉及信息归纳,细节理解,推理判断和原词复现四个题型的考查,是一篇社会类阅读,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,根据上下文的逻辑关系,结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识,写出正确答案。
3.任务型阅读
Thistimeofyear,thousandsofcollegeapplicantswaitforenoticesandauspiciously(吉利地)sizedenvelopesfromschools,underterriblepressurefromtheirparents,friends,teachers,andthemselves.Astothis,Ioffersomeadvice,whichcomesnotonlyfromabitofexperience,butalsoabitofresearch:
justcooloutandcontinue,okay?
ManyparentsandstudentsthinkthereisaworldofdifferencebetweenthelifelongoutcomesofanAminusstudentwhogetsinto,say.Princeton,andanAminusstudentwhoappliestoPrincetonbut"only"getsintosomelessselectiveschool,likePennStateortheUniversityofWisconsin.TheyassumethatadecisionmadebyfacelessIvyLeagueadmissionsofficers,tosomeextent,willmarkthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureinlife.
Therearetwoimportantthingstosay
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