阅读完形联系.docx
- 文档编号:15158940
- 上传时间:2023-07-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:26.18KB
阅读完形联系.docx
《阅读完形联系.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《阅读完形联系.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
阅读完形联系
阅读
一
Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.
PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.
ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.
Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohasshallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesatall:
theyaredrieduplakebeds.Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,andplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.
1.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?
A.LakeTulainyo.B.Mojavedesert.
C.DeathValley.D.TheSaltonSea.
2.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?
A.LakeTahoe.B.SierraNevada.
C.MountWhitney.D.Alaska.
3.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?
A.About3miles.B.Only100miles.
C.282feet. D.14,494feet.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?
A.ThePacificOcean.
B.SanJoaquinValley.
C.MojaveDesert.
D.OregonandWashington.
5.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast
A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo.
B.ItispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.
C.SierraNevada,SanJoaquinValley,MojaveDesertandthePacificOceanallliewithinaradiusofabout100miles.
D.OwensLake,inDeathValley,isnotreallyalakeatall.
二
AsthemerchantclassexpandedintheeighteenthcenturyNorthAmericanColonies,thesilversmithandthecoppersmithbusinessesrosetoserveit.OnlyafewsilversmithswereavailableinNewYorkorBostoninthelateseventeenthcentury,butintheeighteenthcenturytheycouldbefoundinallmajorcolonialcities.Noothercolonialartisansrivaledthesilversmiths’prestige.Theyhandledthemostexpensivematerialsandpossesseddirectconnectionstoprosperouscolonialmerchants.Theirproducts,primarilysilverplatesandbowls,reflectedtheirexaltedstatusandtestifiedtotheircustomers’prominence.Silverstoodasoneofthesurestwaystostorewealthatatimebeforeneighborhoodbanksexisted.Unlikethesilvercoinsfromwhichtheyweremade,silverarticleswerereadilyidentifiable.Oftenformedtoindividualspecifications,theyalwayscarriedthesilversmith’sdistinctivemarkingsandconsequentlycouldbetracedandretrieved.Customersgenerallysecurethesilverforthesilverobjecttheyordered.Theysavedcoins,tookthemtosmiths,anddiscussedthetypeofpiecestheydesired.Silversmithscompliedwiththeserequestsbymeltingthemoneyinasmallfurnace,addingabitofcoppertoformastrongeralloy,andcastingthealloyinrectangularblocks.Theyhammeredtheseingotstotheappropriatethicknessbyhand,shapedthemandpresseddesignsintothemforadornment.Engravingwasalsodonebyhand.Inadditiontoplatesandbowls,somecustomerssoughtmoreintricateproducts,suchassilverteapots.Theseweremadebyshapingorcastingpartsseparatelyandthensolderingthemtogether.Colonialcoppersmithingalsocomeofageintheearlyeighteenthcenturyandprosperedinnortherncities.Copper’sabilitytoconductheatefficientlyandtoresistcorrosioncontributedtoitsattractiveness.ButbecauseitwasexpensiveincolonialAmerica,coppersmithswereneververynumerous.VirtuallyallcopperworkedbySmithswasimportedassheetsorobtainedbyrecyclingoldcoppergoods.Copperwasusedforpracticalitems,butitwasnotadmiredforitsbeauty.Coppersmithsemployedittofashionpotsandkettlesforthehome.Theyshapeditinmuchthesamemannerassilverormelteditinafoundrywithleadortin.Theyalsomixeditwithzinctomakebrassformaritimeandscientificinstruments.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingeighteenthcenturydevelopmentshadstrongimpactonsilversmiths?
A.Adecreaseinthecostofsilver.
B.Theinventionof
heatefficientfurnaces.
C.Thegrowingeconomicprosperityofcolonialmerchants.
D.Thedevelopmentofnewtoolsusedtoshapesilver.
2.IncolonialAmerica,wheredidsilversmithsusuallyobtainthematerialtomakesilverarticles?
A.Fromtheirownmines.
B.Fromimporters.
C.Fromothersilversmiths.
D.Fromcustomers.
3.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasusesforcopperinColonialAmerica
EXCEPT______.
A.cookingpots
B.scientificinstruments
C.musicalinstruments
D.maritimeinstruments
4.Accordingtothepassage,silversmithsandcoppersmithsincolonialAmericaweresimilarinwhichofthefollowingways?
A.Theamountofsocialprestigetheyhad.
B.Thewaytheyshapedthemetaltheyworkedwith.
C.Thecostofthegoodstheymade.
D.Thepracticalityofthegoodstheymade.
三
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?
Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddishbrowntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbershaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.
Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.
Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintowater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumbersimportant?
A.Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood.
B.Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger.
C.Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud.
D.Itmakesthemattractivetofish.
2.Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses____.
A.thereproductionofseacucumbers
B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers
C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers
D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence
3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefencemechanismsoftheseacucumber?
A.Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli.
B.Theyarealmostuseless.
C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.
D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.
4.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseitsinternal organsintothewater?
A.Atouch. B.Food.
C.Unusuallywarmwater. D.Pollution.
四
Beforethemid1860’s,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedatthisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack”becameacenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870’sand1880’sandintothe1890’s.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedint
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 阅读 联系