英语重点语法.docx
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英语重点语法.docx
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英语重点语法
英语重点语法
初二上学期重点语法
撰 稿:
周可勇 编 审:
张敏 责 编:
白雪雁
一.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
在表示比较的时候,会出现三种情况:
同级比较,比较级和最高级。
同级比较的结构是:
as...as...,意思是“……和……一样”。
例如:
Heisastallashisfather.
他和他的父亲一样高。
HegetsupasearlyasTomeveryday.
他每天和汤姆起得一样早。
Specialtips:
as...as...的中间要用形容词或副词的原形。
这个句子结构的否定形式表达的意思是“……不如后者……”。
例如:
Thepenisnotasdearasthatone.
这支钢笔没有那支贵。
比较级的结构是:
...than...,意思是“……比……更”。
例如:
Todayiscolderthanyesterday.
今天比昨天冷。
Carsrunfasterthanbikes.
汽车比自行车跑得快。
Specialtips:
(一)在指代两者当中的某个特征更明显的对象时,可以用the来特定化。
例如:
Heisthetallerofthetwins.
他是双胞胎中比较高的那个。
(二)某个形容词或副词的比较级形式可以通过and连接起来,表示“越来越……”。
例如:
Itbecomesolderandolder.
它变得越来越老。
Hewalksmoreandmorequickly.
他走得越来越快。
(三)the+某一形容词或副词的比较级+the+某一形容词或副词的比较级,表示“越……,
就越……”。
例如:
Themoreexerciseyoudo,thehealthieryouwillbe.
锻炼得越多,你就越健康。
Thewarmeritgets,themorepeopleyoucanseeinthestreet.
天越暖和,你就会在街上看到越多的人。
(四)固定结构like...betterthan...表示的意思是指“与……(后者)相比较更喜欢……(前者)”。
例如:
Ilikeicewaterbetterthancoke.
与可乐相比我更喜欢冰水。
最高级表示在某个范围内(不少于三个对象)某个对象具有最突出的特征,它常和among,in,of连用。
例如:
Heworksthemostcarefullyamonghisclassmates.
在他的同学当中他干活最细心。
Theredoneisthebestofall.
红色的是最好的。
二.一般过去时态
一般过去时态表示在过去某个时间发生的事情或动作,强调与现在的对比。
我们需要把动词变成过去式。
变成否定形式时,只需在动词前加一个didn’t,然后把动词变成原形就可以了。
例如:
Heleft4hoursago.
他在四个钟头前离开了。
Hedidn’tknowhowtosayitinEnglish.
他不知道它用英语怎么说。
Specialtips:
我们需要特别留意不规则动词的过去式形式。
三.一般将来时态
一般将来时态表示的是将要发生或打算要做的事情。
结构有二种:
1.主语+begoingto+动词原形
例如:
HeisgoingtotraveltoXinjiang.
他要去新疆旅游。
Specialtips:
going,leaving,coming的现在进行时态就可以表示将来。
例如:
They’recoming.
他们要来了。
2.主语+will+动词原形
例如:
We’llbehereanhourlater.
我们一个钟头后到。
四.反意疑问句
反意疑问句的规则是,“前否定后肯定,前肯定后否定”。
我们要把握的是表示否定的词(如little,few,never,noone,nothing,nobody,hardly等)出现在前半句的时候,后面也要用肯定形式。
例如:
Fewpeopleknowthestory,dothey?
Heneversawthefilmbefore,didhe?
五.感叹句
how引导的感叹句的完整结构是:
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词+!
例如:
Howcarefullyhedrives!
他驾驶得多谨慎小心啊!
Howexcitingthenewsis!
这个消息多么激动人心啊!
what引导的感叹句的完整结构是:
What+a/an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语动词+!
例如:
Whatanexcitingnewsitis!
多么激动人心的消息啊!
Specialtips:
判断用how还是用what引导感叹句,要看完整的句子去掉后面的主谓短语后的情况。
如果去掉主谓短语后结尾词是名词,就要用what引导这个感叹句。
如果去掉主谓短语后结尾词是形容词或副词,就要用how引导这个感叹句。
I.单项选择
( )1.---YouarefromAustralia,aren’tyou?
---Yes.Howdidyouknow?
---Thewayyou___.
A.say
B.speak
C.tell
D.talk.
( )2.JimknowsthewayAustraliansspeak,___he?
A.does
B.doesn’t
C.is
D.isn’t
( )3.What______itistoday!
A.cold
B.acold
C.acoldday
D.coldday
( )4.Ithinkthisoneisthenicest___.
A.thanyours
B.ofall
C.thanall
D.inall
( )5.Somethingare______inChinaandinAmerica
A.same
B.thesameas
C.thesame
D.sameas
( )6.Helikescountry___thanthecity.
A.more
B.much
C.better
D.good
( )7.It’sbetter___dosomereadings___rainydays.
A.for;on
B.for;in
C.to;in
D.to;on
II.阅读理解
A
Formanypeople,birthdayisoneofthemostimportantdaysoftheyear.Childrenusuallyliketohavepartiesontheirbirthdays.Theirparentsinvitetheirplaymatesandschoolfriendsforice-creamandcakes,andsometimessandwiches.Everyonesings,plays,andeats.TheChildrenusuallybringpresents,too.Thereisacakewithcandlesonit.Thereisonecandleforeachyearofchildren’slife.Someonelightsthecandlesandturnsoffthelights.Theneveryonesings“HappyBirthday.”Thebirthdaygirlorboyblowsoutthecandles.Sometimestheyhaveacakewithonlyonecandleonitbecausetheydon’tliketotalkabouttheirages.Theyusuallygetpresentsfromtheirfamiliesortheirverybestfriends.
( )8.____arefortheageofaboyorgirlatabirthdayparty.
A.Candles
B.Cakes
C.Presents
D.Parties
( )9.Theparentsusuallyinvite____totheirchildren’sbirthdayparties.
A.theirbestfriendsandworkmates
B.theirchildren’sfriends
C.theirchildren’steachers
D.nobody
( )10.Thechildrenwhoareinvited____bringtheirpresentswiththem.
A.usually
B.sometimes
C.never
D.notmentioned
( )11.Ifyoudon’twantotherstoknowyourage,youcanput____onyourbirthday
cake.
A.nocandles
B.onlyonecandle
C.manycandles
D.acard
( )12.Whichofthefollowingisinthecorrectorder?
A.turnoffthelights,lightthecandles,sing“HappyBirthday”,blowoutthecandles
B.turnoffthelights,lightthecandles,blowoutthecandles,singabirthdaysong
C.lightthecandles,turnoffthelights,singabirthdaysong,blowoutthecandles
D.lightthecandles,blowoutthecandles,turnoffthelights,sing“HappyBirthday”
B
Somepeoplemakemoneybystudyingtheweather.Forexample:
WeatherforecastersatradioandTVstationstelluswhattheweatherisgoingtobelikeeachday.Thatway,weknowwhentocarryanumbrella.Theycanalsohelpustoplanourweekends.
Otherweatherforecastersworkforairlines.Theytellairlinepilots(飞行员)whenbadweatheriscoming.Airportsallovertheworldneedgoodweatherforecasters.
Bigbusinesses,likeelectricandgas(电力和煤气)companies,needweatherforecasters.Theyhelpthecompanyplanlargeoutdoorjobs.Ifbadweatheriscoming,thecompanycanputmoreworkersonajobandfinishitearly.
Thegovernment(政府)alsoneedsweatherforecasters.Theystudybadweatherandstopthecountryfromdangerousstorms.Theyalsohelpfarmersplanforplantingwheat,cormandothercrops.
根据短文,完成句子。
请你从方框中挑选出与下面各题能连成句子的相对应的字母,并将其填入题前括号内。
( )13.Weatherforecastersworkingforairlines…
( )14.TVweatherforecasters…
( )15.Weatherforecastersforbusiness…
( )16.Governmentweatherforecasters…
A.helpplanlargeoutdoorjobs.
B.givefarmersunusualinformation.
C.helppeopleplanweekendtrips.
D.tellyouwhattheweatherislikeinfuture.
E.helppilots.
C
Oncetherewasamanwhohadtwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theboywasgood-lookingbutthegirlwasnot.
Onedaytheyfoundamirrorandforthefirsttimetheysawwhattheylookedlike.Theboywaspleasedandhesaidtohissister,“HowhandsomeIam!
Ilookmuchnicerthanyou!
”
Thegirldidnotlikewhatherbrothersaidandgavehimahardpush.“Goaway!
”shesaid.
Theirfathersawwhatwashappening.Hewentuptothemandsaidtotheboy,“YoumustalwaysBEgoodaswellasLOOKgood.”
Thentothegirlhesaid,“Mydear,ifyouhelpeveryoneanddoyourbesttoplease,everyonewillloveyou.Itwillnotmatterthatyouarenotasgood-lookingasyourbrother.”
TrueorFalse
( )17.Theboywasnice-looking,butthegirlwasn’t.
( )18.Theboywaspleasedathisownlookandlaughedathissister.
( )19.Theirfathertoldtheboythatitwasnotenoughtobegood-looking.
( )20.Hetoldthegirlifshecouldbeniceandkindtopeopleandreadytohelp,
everyonewouldloveher.
( )21.Thestorytellsusthatthemostimportantthingforapersonistobeniceand
helpfultopeople.
D
InBrooklyn,NewYork,alittlegirlwasplayingwithsomeboys.Theywereridingbicyclesandplayingball.
“Diana!
”thegirl’sfathercalled.“Playwiththegirls!
You’reagirl,notaboy!
”ButDianaknewthatherfatherwasproudofher.HewasproudthatDianawasstrong.Hewasproudthatshewasgoodatsports.
Dianagrewup.Shestoppedplayingballandridingbicycleswiththeboys.Shegotmarried,movedtoCalifornia,andhadtwosons.Theyearswentby.
Oneday,whenDianawas48yearsold,shewenttoagym.Sheexercisedandliftedweights.Shereallyenjoyedit,soshewentbackafewdayslater.Shestartedgoingtothegymthreedaysaweek;thenshebegangoingeveryday.Shegotstrongerandstronger,andhermusclesgotbiggerandbigger.Dianabecameabodybuilder.TodayDianaVasquezisachampionbodybuilder.Shehasover24awardsforbodybuilding.
Dianaisproudofherawards,butshedoesn’texerciseandliftweightsonlytowinawards.Diana’sfathersaid,“Goodhealthisveryimportant.Ifyoudon’thavegoodhealth,youhavenothing.”Dianathinksthatherfatherwasright.Shesays,“Bodybuildingkeepsmehealthy.IfeelbettertodaythanIdid20yearsago.”
Dianasays,“Goodfoodisveryimportantforhealth,too.Dietis50percentofbodybuilding.Idon’teatbutteroroil.Idon’teatalotofsweets.Ieatalotoffruit,vegetables,yoghurt,andrice.Ialsogetplentyofsleepandfreshair.”
BodybuildingandeatinggoodfoodkeepDianahealthyandyoung-looking.LookatthepictureofDiana.Howolddoesshelook?
Doesshelook30…35…maybe40yearsold?
DianaVasquezisagrandmother.Sheis51yearsold.
( )22.WhenDianawasachild,she___.
A.likedtoplaywithboys
B.wasagoodstudent
C.wasgoodatrunning
D.didn’tplaywithboys
( )23.WhenDianawenttogymforthefirsttime,she___.
A.was38yearsold
B.methergrandson
C.exercisedandliftedweights
D.metalotofpeople
( )24.TodayDianaVasquez____.
A.hassevengrandchildren
B.isahousewife
C.hasover24awardsforbodybuilding
D.worksforthegym
( )25.Diana’sfather___.
A.wasangrythatDianawasstrong
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