职称英语理工类B级真题及答案.docx
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职称英语理工类B级真题及答案.docx
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职称英语理工类B级真题及答案
2012年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案
第一部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号,请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Allthewallsinthebuildinghadthesame(layout).
A.sizeB.FunctionC.ColorD.arrangment
【答案】:
D
2.Thestormcaused(severe)damage.
A.physicalB.accidentalC.seriousD.enviromental
【答案】:
C
3.Thewallsaremadeof(hollow)concretblocks.
A.bigB.emptyC.longD.new
【答案】:
B
4.Ouraimwasto(update)thehealthserviceandwesucceeded.
A.offerB.provideC.modernizeD.fund
【答案】:
C
5.Dowehavetowearthesename(tags)?
A.listsB.formsC.lablesD.codes
【答案】:
C
6.Joecametothewindowasthecrowd(chanted)”Joe,Joe,Joe”
A.repeatedB.jumpedC.maintainedD.approached
【答案】:
A
7.He(inspired)manyyoungpeopletotakeupsports.
A.encouragedB.allowedC.calledD.advised
【答案】:
A
8.Thecitycenterwas(wipedout)bythebomb.
A.coveredB.reducedC.destroyedD.moved
【答案】:
C
9.Mostbabycan(takein)awiderangeoffoodeasily.
A.bringB.digestC.keepD.serve
【答案】:
B
10.Alargecrowd(assembled)outsidetheAmericanembassy.
A.watchedB.shoutedC.gatheredD.walked
【答案】:
C
11.Theweatherwas(crisp)andclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.
A.freshB.hotC.heavyD.windy
【答案】:
A
12.What(puzzles)meiswhyhisbooksaresopopular
.A.shocksB.influencesC.confusesD.concerns
【答案】:
C
13.Ithink$7adrinkisabit(steep),don’tyou?
A.tightB.lowC.cheapD.high
【答案】:
D
14.The(contempt)hefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobvious.
A.needB.hateC.loveD.pity
【答案】:
D
15.Hercommentsaboutmenare(utterly)ridiculous.
A.slightlyB.partlyC.faintlyD.completely
【答案】:
D
第二部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakes
InthefirstweekofNovember2011,peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium,causedcracksinafewbuildingsandrattledthenervesofmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV,youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters—hurricanes,tornadoes,floodingandwildfires,tonameafew.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,andalsothemostunpredictable,istheearthquake.
ResearchersattheU.S.GeologicalSurveyestimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesrattletheglobeeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon’tfeelmanyofthetremorsbecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude,orshakingintensity.
Amagnitude5.8earthquakethatstruckcentralVirginiatheafternoonofAugust23,2011,wasfeltfromcentralGeorgiatosoutheasternCanada.Inmanyurbanareas,includingWashington,D.C.,andNewYorkCity(WallStreetshown),peoplecrowdedthestreetswhileengineersinspectedbuildings.Credit:
Wikimedia/AlexTabak
Scientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers.Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrationsproducedbyearthquakes.Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20,000earthquakeseachyear.
Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth’stectonicplates.
TectonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust,sometimesmanykilometersthick.Theseplatescoverourplanet’ssurfacelikeajigsawpuzzle.Often,jaggededgesoftheseplatestemporarilylocktogether.Whenplatesjostleandscrapepasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly—aboutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.
Butsometimesearthquakesrumblethroughportionsofthelandscapefarfromaplate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected,these“mid-plate”tremorscandosubstantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexamplesrattledtheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur.
16.Oklahomaisanareaoftenexperiencingnaturaldisasters.
A.rightB.wrongC.notmention
【答案】:
B
17.Theearthquakeisthemostunpredictablenaturaldisaster.
A.rightB.wrongC.notmention
【答案】:
C
18.Fewearthquakeshappenwithoutpeople’sawareness.
A.rightB.wrongC.notmention
【答案】:
B
19.SeismometerscanidentifyandlocatemostoftheearthquakesinChina.
A.rightB.wrongC.notmention
【答案】:
C
20.Bigearthquakesofamagnitude8orhigherseldomhappenfarfromtheedgesoftectonicplates.
A.rightB.wrongC.notmention
【答案】:
A
21.Whenevertectonicplatesmove,earthquakeshappen.
A.rightB.wrongC.notmention
【答案】:
B
22.TheearthquakethathittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesagoisthebiggest“mid-plate”oneinhistory.
A.rightB.wrongC.notmention
【答案】:
C
第三部分:
概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
LearnaboutNobleGases(惰性气体)
1.Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?
Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium.Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.
2.Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases.TheywerealsoclusteredunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalenceelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.
3.Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular(分子的)weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.
4.Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshave“valence”electrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled”ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseoftheinherentlowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.
5.Becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinrecreation,medicineandindustries.Forinstance,LiquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets(磁体).Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctorto“see”thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.
23.Paragraph2
【答案】:
E
24.Paragraph3
【答案】:
C
25.Paragraph4
【答案】:
D
26.Paragraph5
【答案】:
A
A.Whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?
B.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?
C.Whatarenoblegases?
D.Whatcausethelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?
E.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?
F.Whatistheperiodictable?
27.Noblegasesarenotverychemically______.
【答案】:
F
28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumisthe____.
【答案】:
C
29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases`outershellis_____.
【答案】:
B
30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatient______.
【答案】:
A
A.unnecessary
B.complete
C.lightest
D.important
E.flammable
F.reactive
第四部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
ActiveGallery:
ThebestofBionics(仿生学)
Humansmightbethemosthighly-evolvedspeciesontheplanet,butmostanimalspossessskillswecanonlydreamofhaving.Imaginehowmuchelectricitywecouldsaveifwecouldseeinthedarkthewaycatsdo.Imagineleapingfromtreetotreelikeamonkey.Giraffes(长颈鹿),whichareotherwisecalmandgood-natured,sleeponly4.6hoursaday.
Werealizedalong,longtimeagothatnatureprovidesthebestblueprint(蓝图)forinvention.We’veborrowedcanalsfrombeavers(河狸)andreflectorsfromcat’seyes.Althoughthewords“bionics”becamepopularonlyafterthe1960s,historyshowsthatnaturehasalwaysprovidedideasonsolvingeverydayproblems.Ourarchives(档案)don’tgobacktothetimeofLeonardodaVinciandhisbird-likeflyingmachines,butwecantakeyoutothelate19thcentury,whereweappliedthosesameprinciplesforbuildingourfirstpracticalairplanes.
TopreparefortheirflightatKittyHawk,theWrightbrothersstudiedthemovementsofpigeonstofigureouthowtheystayedhighupwhentheywereheavierthanair.Theirsuccessinspiredscoresofsuccessorstoimproveontheairplanebystudyingvariousaspectsofnature.OneofOrvilleWright’spupilscaughtandstuffedseagullstoexaminetheirwingspan.Mean
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