动词时态与语态讲解与练习.docx
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动词时态与语态讲解与练习.docx
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动词时态与语态讲解与练习
动词时态与语态讲解与练习
动词时态与语态
被动式(bedone)
现在时态:
一般现在时is/aredone
现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone
现在完成时have/hasbeendone
过去时态:
一般过去时was/weredone
过去进行时was/werebeingdone
过去完成时hadbeendone
将来时:
一般将来时willbedone
过去将来时wouldbedone
主动式(do)
现在时态:
一般现在时do/does
现在进行时am/is/aredoing
现在完成时have/hasdone
过去时态:
一般过去时-ed/did
过去进行时was/weredoing
过去完成时haddone
将来时:
一般将来时willdo
过去将来时woulddo
(一)Tense(时态)
I.现在五时
1.一般现在时do/does,am/is/are
(1)客观规律:
Theearthturnsaroundthesun.
(2)交通时刻表:
Theplaneleavesat4o’clock.
(3)日程安排表:
Ourheadmastermeetstheforeignguestsat2tomorrowafternoon.
(4)现在的情况:
Mywatchdoesn’twork.我的表坏了。
(5)倒装Here.Threre
Herecomesabus.=Abusiscoming.Herehecomes.
注意:
Mywatchwon’twork.我的表总是坏的。
(本句是现在时will是情态动词表习惯)
(6)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来
I’llgoifyoucometomorrow.如果你将来
注意:
Ifyouwillcome,Iwillbeveryhappy.如果你愿意来(现在时will是情态动词表意愿)
2.现在进行时am/is/are+doing
(1)强调现在时间里正在进行的动作:
Heiswritingacomposition.
(2)瞬间动词用于进行时态表将来:
Heisleaving.他将离开
(3)bealwaysdoing总是干(表强烈情感):
Youarealwaysmakingtrouble.
mustn'talwaysbedoing千万不要总是干:
Youmustn’talwaysbeplayingcomputergames.
(4)bebeing正表现:
---IsJackstillthatnaughty?
---Notalways.Look!
Heisbeingagoodboy.
3.现在将来时
(1)will/shalldo将干(主观):
Ourteacherisill,andIwillgotoseehim.
(2)begoingtodo早打算干(主观):
Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?
(3)beabouttodo(…when…)=beonthepointofdoing…when…即将干(不能跟具体时间)(主观),正要做。
。
。
这时。
。
。
。
Heisabouttoleave.
Hewasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.
(4)be(due,bound,supposed)todo不可变的计划、命中注定、强烈愿望、应该
WearetovisittheGreatWalltomorrow.
4.现在完成时have/hasdone
(1)到现在为止(发生在过去持续到现在):
Ihavewaitedforyou2hours.
(2)对现在有影响(发生结束在过去≠过去时)
---Wherehaveyouputthebook?
Iwanttouseit.(有影响)
---Iputitonthedesk,butit’sgonenow.(无影响)
(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成
Iwon’tbelieveyouuntilIhaveseenyouinthebottlewithmyeyes.
直到我亲眼将已看到你在瓶子里我才相信你。
5.现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing到现在为止且正干
Ithasbeenrainingfor2daysandIdon’tknowwhenitwillstop.
II.过去五时
1.一般过去时did;was(were)
Ineverthoughtyouwouldcome.Ididn’trecognizeyou.
2.过去进行时:
was(were)doing见现在进行时
Sorry,Iwasn’tlistening(noticing).
3.过去将来时:
见现在将来时
4.过去完成时:
haddone
(1)到过去为止(必须有过去动作或时间作为前提)
Theyhadpassedseveralvillagesbeforetheygottoschool.
(2)希望,计划,打算,认为等动词用于过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望计划打算等。
(hope,think,plan,want,mean,intend,suppose…)
Ihadhopedtoseeyouyesterday,butIwasbusy.本希望
5.过去完成进行时:
hadbeendoing到过去为止且正干
MylostdaughterhadbeencryinglongwhenIfoundherinthecrowd.
III.将来两时
1.将来进行时:
wllbedoing将正干(与将来时时间状语相同,强调正干)
Iwillbesleepingat8thisevening.
2.将来完成时:
willhavedone将已干(到将来某时为止)
IwillhavemasteredEnglishwellbythetimeIgraduatefromuniversity.
IV.灵活运用时态
1.主句为过去五时之一时,宾语从句必须过去五时之一,客观规律除外
(1)Ididn’tknowyouwouldcome.
(2)Hetoldmetheearthcirclesthesun.
2..before,after,assoonas等连词本身表示时间先后,不必用完成时表示先后。
HelearnedEnglishbeforehecametoschool.
Hehadsupperafterhetookashower.
HebegantoreadEnglishassoonashegottoschool.
3.Itisthesecondtime(that)hehasmetTom.
Itwasthesecondtime(that)hehadmetTom.
Itwillbethelasttime(that)Iwillgiveyoualesson.
IstillrememberthatwasthefirsttimeIhaveplayedapartinafilm.
4.Itisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.
Itwasthebestfilm(that)Ihadeverseen.
Ithinkitwasthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen
5.Bythetimehewas14yearsold,hehadmasteredEnglishwell.
BythetimeIgoton,thebuswasalreadyrathercrowded.
BythetimeIheardhisangryvoiceonthephone,IsensedIwouldbebeaten.
6.Itwillbe3yearsbeforeheleavesschool.还有三年他就要毕业。
7.
(1)Itis(hasbeen)3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.(干了)他参军三年了。
(到现在为止)
Itis(hasbeen)3yearssincehewasinthearmy.(没干)他退伍三年了。
(到现在为止)
(2)Itwas(hadbeen)5yearssincehehadleft.他离开五年了。
(干了)(到过去为止)
Itwas(hadbeen)5yearssincehehadsmoked.他戒烟五年了。
(没干)(到过去为止)
(二)PassiveVoice(被动语态)
连系动词+done都是被动。
1.被动的延续性和非延续性由连系动词决定。
如:
getdone(非延续动词);bedone(延续动词);remaindone(延续动词)
2.被动的时态由主动的时态相应变化
如:
bebeingdone正被干;betobedone将被干;have/hadbeendone已被干
3.以下重点词只有主动,谓语非谓语皆如此:
(1)remain依然是;仍然停留;被留下:
Idon’tlikewhatremainsoftheapple.
(2)belongtosb属于:
Thebookbelongstome.
(3)last持续:
Themeetingwilllast2hours.
(4)takeplace,breakout,burstforth,occur,happen,goon,comeabout发生:
Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceliberation.
4.以下重点词主被动看具体情况,谓语非谓语皆如此:
(1)prove,look,smell,sound,feel,taste…以上词为连系动词时只有主动
被证明是(只有主动):
Whathesaidproved(tobe)sound.他的话被证明是可靠的。
证明:
Thetheorywasprovedbysomestudents.理论被一些学生证明了。
(2)sell,wash,read,write,wear,keep,cook,open…表属性或特征只有主动,表动作有被动
Thebooksellswell,andallthebookshavebeensoldout.
(3)spread蔓延:
Thefirespreadwildlyacrossthevillage.(只有主动)
传播:
Thenews(was)spreadthroughouttheschool.(主被动皆可)
(4)blame责备:
Youaretoblame.你该受责备。
(只有主动)
责备:
Iwasblamedbymyfather.我被爸爸责备了。
(5)hang悬挂:
Mycapishangingfromthetree.(hung,hung只有主动)
绞死:
Thespywashangedatsunrise.(hanged,hanged)
(6)burn燃烧:
Thesun/light/stoveisburninghot.(只有主动)
烧毁:
Ahousewasburned.房子被烧了。
(7)fix(focus)集中,聚焦:
One’seyesbefixedupon(on)sth.=Sb.fixone'seyeson(upon)sth.
Hiseyeswerefixeduponthebook.他注视着书。
(8)impress留下印象:
Sb.beimpressedwithsth.=Sth.impresssb.
ForeignguestswereimpressedwithrapiddevelopmentinChina.
5.以下三词动词有两种被动:
Goodusemustbemadeoftimetostudy.=Timemustbemadegooduseoftostudy.
makeuseof=takeadvantageof利用;payattentionto=takenoticeof注意
catchsight(aglimpse)of突然看见;putanendto结束
setfireto放火烧makeafoolof嘲弄,欺骗
takecareof照顾;takeholdof抓住
turnadeafearto对…根本不听keepaneyeon
(1)照看;
(2)密切注视;
1.I___________(teach)herefortenyearssinceIfinishedschool.
2.Wouldyoumindme__________(use)yourbike?
3.ThestudentsofClassTwo___________(sweep)theirclassroomnow.
4.TheWhites____________(notlisten)totheradioatthattime.
5.Theradio__________(use)onceinaweekinourclass.It____________(notuse)yesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithit.
6.Howlong______you_______(live)inthistown?
7.You_______(come)herelastyear,______you?
8.----When______you______(see)him?
----I______(see)himlastSunday.
9.Shesaidthatthecar___________(use)thenextweek.
10.Ididn'tknowwhat__________(happen)toChinainacentury.
11.WhenIgottothestation,thetrain____already______(leave).
12.Thestonebridge______________(build)inourhometownfortenyears.
13.Thedeskmust______(clean)onceaday.
14.Thedog_________(lie)onthefloorwhenIcamein.
15.It_________(rain)heavilywhenIgothome.
16.Hermother____________(cook)atthistimeyesterday.
17.Thestudents_____________(do)theirhomework..__________(notmake)anynoise!
18.----______youever_______(be)toBeijing?
----Yes.I________(go)therelastweek.
19.He'lltelephoneusassoonashe_________(arrive)there.
20.Jiefangtrucks____________(make)inChangchun.
21.Apenisusedfor__________(write).
22.Allthatmust________(do)hasbeendone.
23.Myfriendcan'tdecidewhichpairoftrousers____________(choose).Sosheaskedmetogoshoppingwithher.
24.Theoldmanoften_________(tell)thechildrenastoryintheevening.Thiseveninghe________(tell)twostories.
巩固与加强1、I’llgivethebooktohimassoonashe________back.(come)
2、Hasthebaby________cryingyet?
(stop)
3、Idon’tknowwhetherMother__________metoBeijingnextmonth.(take)
4、She_______onhercoatandwentout.(put)
5、“Whataretheydoing?
”“They__________readyforthesportsmeeting.”(get)
6、Willyouplease___________(come)hereontimenexttime.
7、Idon’tthinkthatit___________(rain)tomorrow.
8、It________(take)himhalfanhour_______(finish)hishomeworkyesterday.
9、Ifit________aninterestingfilm,we’llseeittomorrow.(be)
10、Theyusually________(do)theirhomeworkaftersupper.
11、Listen!
Who_____________(sing)inthenextroomnow?
12、__________(be)yourparentsinShanghailastyear?
13、Mr.Yu_____________(teach)usmathssince1982.
14、TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWallifit_________(notrain)tomorrow.
15、LiMingoften_________(listen)totheradiointhemorning.
16、A:
“Father,mayIgooutandplayfootball?
”B:
“_____you____(do)yourhomework?
”
17、Allthepeopleinthetownareglad______(hear)thatafamousmusician___aconcertthisSaturdayevening.(give)
18、Ourteachertoldusifit_____(notsnow)wewouldvisittheScienceMuseumthenextday.
19、Theyoften_______(play)footballintheafternoon.
20、A:
What’reyoudoingDad?
B:
I_______(mend)theradio.
21、Let’s_______(carry)theboxestothehouse.
22、Yesterdayshe______(want)verymuchtoseethefilm,butshecouldn’t__(get)aticket.
23、I_________(write)toyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.
24、Mike___________(visit)severalplacessincehecametoBeijing.
25、He___________(write)fourletterstohiswifeeverymonth.
26、Don’tmakeanynoise,Grandma___________(sleep).
27、Hisaunt___________(do)somecookingwhenhecamein.
28、Whenthey___________(reach)thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.
29、There___________(be)ameetingnextMonday.
30、We___________(know)eachothersinceourboyhood.
31、Sometimesmyfather___________(come)backhomelate.
32、They___________(have)anEnglisheveningnextweek.
33、Whynot___________(go)thereonfoot?
34、WeiFangisn’there.She___________(go)tothereading-room.
35、Thestory___________(happen)longago.
36、They___________(visit)theHistoryMuseumlastweek.
37、ZhangHong___________(make)manyfriendssince
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