综合教程第二版第二单元答案.docx

综合教程第二版第二单元答案.docx

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综合教程第二版第二单元答案

基础英语2第二单元答案The Virtues of Growing Older

Textcomprehension

I.       C

II.    1F;2F;3F;4T;5T.

III.   

1.worshipingyouthandfearinggrowingold.Todelaytheeffectsofagingwithcosmeticsandphysicalexercises.

2.three.Lessconcernforone’sappearance;lessuncertaintyabouttheunknownsinthefuture;surerself-identity.

3.feeluncertainaboutwhatwillhappentothemandwhattheyshoulddo.

4.usecontraststructure“Beingyoungmeans…/Itmeans…〞and“I…now/Inolonger…〞

5.Thewriterlearnsthesignificancethatthenewer（younger）isnotnecessarilybetter,andshecanbehappierthanbeforeasshegrowsolder.

IV.   

1.Womenarelesscapableofresistingthetemptationthetemptationoffashionthanmen.

2.makefriendswithdifferentpeopleinordertofindanewidentityforyourself.

Structuralanalysisofthetext

1.      seeIII2.

2.      Paragraph3:

thelastsentence;Paragraph4:

thesecondsentence;Paragraph5:

thefirstsentence.

SectionFourConsolidationActivities

Partone.VocabularyAnalysis

I.Phrasepractice

1.areaptto=arelikelyto 易于……，有……的倾向

e.g.Infantsareapttoputtheirhandsintotheirmouths.婴儿爱把手往嘴里塞。

2.fallapart=breakup/disintegrate

3.ingeneral=asawhole 通常，大体上；总的来说，从总体上看

e.g.Ingeneral,thiscompany’sproductsareveryreliable.这家公司的产品通常是很可靠的。

Ingeneral,thispaperisabitdifficultforthesestudentstofinishinanhour.总的来说，让学生在一个小时内完成这份试卷有些困难。

4.atthemercyof=powerlessagainst;completelycontrolledby 对……无能为力；任……处置，任由……摆布

e.g.Somepeoplearebornwiththebeliefthattheyaremastersoftheirownlives.Othersfeeltheyareatthemercyoffate.有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另一些人则觉得他们受到命运的支配。

Idon’twanttoputmyselfatthemercyofothers.我不希望任由他人摆布。

5.nowonder=notsurprising/onlytoonatural 不足为奇，并不奇怪

e.g.Itisnowonderthatitissowetinthesouth. 南方这么潮湿，并不奇怪。

  Nowonderyou’resotired,you’veworkedthreehourswithoutabreak. 难怪你这么累，你已经连续工作了三个小时。

  Itisnowonderthathefailedhisfinalexam. 他没能通过期末考试，这是不足为怪的。

II.

1.delay; 2.Feverishly; 3.façade; 4.confronted; 5.premise; 6.dreaded; 7.automatically; 8.awaiting.

III.Wordderivation

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.

1.Shehasgotthisobsessive（obsess）fearoflosingcontrol,soshenevershowsheremotions.

2.Peopleunderalotofstressatworkwilloftenexperiencemoodiness（mood）,irritabilityandalossofconfidence.

3.Theywantedatolerable（tolerate）existence—morefood,bettershelter,andpeace.

4.Intheend,thecompanyanditsinvestorscametoamutuallybeneficial（benefit）arrangement.

5.Workingwiththementallyhandicappedcanbeasatisfying（satisfy）andrewardingexperience.

6.Frogscansearchforfoodunderwater,hidden（hide）frombirdsofprey.

7.WhenIaskedheraboutwhereshewantedthemeetingtobeheld,shedidn’texpressanyparticularpreference（prefer）.

8.Thecommitteehasmadefourspecificcriticisms（critical）ofthegovernment’stransportationpolicy.

1.obsessv.〔使〕牵挂，〔使〕惦念，〔使〕着迷

 obsesseda.着迷的

 obsessionn.困扰，沉迷，着魔

 obsessivea.着迷的，强迫性的，分神的

e.g.爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。

Alicewasobsessedbyaboyshehasjustmet.

他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。

He’salwayswantedtofindhisfatherbutrecentlyit’sbecomeanobsession.

2.moodn.心情，情绪

moodya.易怒的，喜怒无常的，情绪化的

moodinessn.忧郁

e.g.我每个星期日情绪都很坏。

IamalwaysinabadmoodonSunday.

  我的妻子在医院里心情不好。

Mywifeismoodyatthehospital.

3.toleratev.容忍，忍受

 tolerablea.可容忍的

 toleranta.宽容的，容忍的

e.g.她能忍受寒冷的天气。

Shecantoleratethecolddays.

这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。

Theheatwastolerableatnight.

4.benefitn.利益；津贴

 beneficiala.有益的，有利的

 beneficiaryn.受惠者，受益人

e.g.这项工程对每个人都大有好处。

Thisprojectisofgreatbenefittoeveryone.

新鲜空气有益于健康。

Freshairisbeneficialtoourhealth.

她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。

Herhusbandisthechiefbeneficiaryofherwill.

5.satisfyv.使满意，满足

 satisfactionn.满意

 satisfactorya.令人满意的

e.g.观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。

Lookingatabeautifulpaintingalwaysgivesonesatisfaction.

她对现状根本不满意。

Sheisnotatallsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.

6.hidev.隐藏，隐瞒

 hidingn.隐藏，躲藏

 hiddena.隐藏的，秘密的

e.g.她设法不表露自己的感情。

Shetriedtohideherfeelings.

警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。

Thepolicearefollowingamurdererwho’sinhiding.

7.preferv.较喜欢；宁可

 preferablea.更好的，更合意的

 preferencen.偏爱，优先，喜爱物

 preferentiala.优先的；优惠的

e.g.我更喜欢牛奶，而不是咖啡.

Iprefermilktocoffee.

我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。

Myfatherfindscountrylifepreferabletolivinginthecity.

对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。

Inconsideringpeopleforjobs,wegivepreferencetothosewithsomeexperience.

8.criticala.批评的；决定性的，关键的

 criticn.批评家，评论家

 criticismn.批评，评论

 criticizev.批评；非难

e.g.他的行为招致尖锐的批评。

Hisbehaviorcalledforthsharpcriticism.

他批评了我的冒险活动。

Hecriticizedmytakingrisks.

IV.

1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.A; 5.B; 6.D; 7.C; 8.B.

V.Synonym/Antonym

Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.

1.AdvertisementsconvinceustobuyGrecianFormulaandOilofOlaysowecanhidethegrayinourhair.

Synonym:

conceal,disguise

2.Mylegsweretooheavy,myshoulderstoobroad,mywaisttoobig.

Antonym:

narrow

3.TheircontentmentholdsoutgreatpromiseformeasImoveintothenext—perhapsevenbetter—phaseofmylife.

Synonym:

satisfaction,happiness,joy

4.TheVirtuesofGrowingOlder

Synonym:

merits,advantages

5.Myroundedfigureseemsfine,andIdon’tdenymyselfasliceofpecanpieifIfeelinthemood.

Synonym:

fat,plump

6.Daveliftedweights,tookmegadosesofvitaminsanddrankahalf-dozenmilkshakesadayinordertoturnhiswiryadolescentframeintosomemuscularideal.

Synonym:

well-built

7.Thetwoofusenjoywearingfashionableclothes,butwearenolongerslavestostyle.

Antonym:

old-fashioned,outdated

8.Obviously,Istillhaveimportantchoicestomakeaboutmylife,butIhavealreadymademanyofthecriticaldecisionsthatconfrontthosejuststartingout.

Synonym:

clearly,evidently

VI.Prefix 

Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.

1.preface                     prepare           5.periphery            perimeter     

2.prologue            progress          6.dialogue             diameter      

3.foresight            foresee           7.semifinal            semiconductor 

4.paralysis            parallel           8.devaluate            decelerate     

1.Explanation:

    pre-:

beforesomeoneorsomething

         e.g.prewar,precondition,precaution,prediction

2.Explanation:

pro-:

before

    e.g.proceed,procession,provision

3.Explanation:

    fore-:

beforeorinthefrontof

          e.g.foreword,foretell,forecast,forehead

4.Explanation:

    para-:

ononeside

         e.g.paragraph,parallel

5.Explanation:

    per-:

surrounding

         e.g.periodic,period

6.Explanation:

dia-:

passthroughbetweensth.

        e.g.dialectic,diagram,diagnosis

7.Explanation:

    semi-:

halforpartly

         e.g.semicircle,semi-final,semi-skilled

8.Explanation:

    de-:

reduce

         e.g.declass,degrade,deduce

PartTwoGrammarExercises

1.concretenouns&abstractnouns

Concretenounsarewordsweuseforpeople,places,orthingsthatwecanobservewithatleastoneofourfivesenses.Theabstractclassistheopposite—wecanneverexperiencethesenounsaccordingtooursenses.

Whilethisdistinctionissometimesuseful,theboundarybetweenconcreteandabstractisnotalwaysclear.Somenounscanbeusedasuncountablenounswhentheyrefertoathingingeneralandcountablenounswhentheyrefertoaparticularinstanceofit,consider,forexample,thenounart,whichusuallyreferstoaconcept:

e.g.Artisanimportantelementofhumanculture.

Butitcanrefertoaspecificartworkincertaincontexts:

e.g.Iputmydaughter’sartuponthefridge.

Thisistheproblemofcontextwithinsentences.

I.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeappropriateformsofthenounsgiven.

1.agony.

2.agonies.

3.experience.

4.experiences.

5.youth.

6.ayouth.

7.Mychildrenare__agreathelp__tome.（great,help）

8.Theboyhad__agoodknowledge__ofmathematics.（good,knowledge）

9.agrayhair

10.Heislookingfor__work__.（work）

II.1A; 2B; 3D; 4C; 5A; 6B; 7B; 8C.

III.alotof; alittle; some; afew; A; some; some; alotof; X.

many; X; alotof.

2.quantifiers&determiners（every,each,everyone,everyone,all）

Eachandeveryhavesimilarbutnotalwaysidenticalmeanings.

each=everyoneseparately

every=each,all

Sometimes,eachandeveryhavethesamemeaning:

e.g.Pricesgoupeachyear.

Pricesgoupeveryyear.

Butoftentheyarenotexactlythesame.

Eachexpressestheideaof“onebyone〞.Itemphasizesindividuality.

e.g.Eachartistseesthingsdifferently.

Everyishalf-waybetweeneachandall.Itseesthingsorpeopleassingular,butinagrouporingeneral.

e.g.EverysoldiersalutedasthePresidentarrived.

 Eachcanbeusedinfrontoftheverb:

 e.g.Thesoldierseachreceivedamedal.

Eachcanbefollowedby“of〞:

e.g.ThePresidentspoketoeachofthesoldiers.

 Everycannotbeusedfortwothingswhileeachcan:

e.g.Hewascarryingasuitcaseineachhand.

Everyisusedtosayhowoftensomethinghappens:

e.g.ThereisaplanetoBangkokeveryday.

Everyonemeans“everybody〞andisusedwhenyouwanttorefertoallthepeopleinagroup:

e.g.Everyoneinmyfamilylikesspaghetti.

Butifyou’rereferringtotheindividualswhomakeupagroup,thenthephr