剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+详细解析+译文.docx
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剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+详细解析+译文.docx
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剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+详细解析+译文
剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage-3真题原文+详细解析+译文
剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+詳細解析+译文:
READINGPASSAGE3
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3onthefollowingpages.
Questions27-32
ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphs,A-G.
ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsB-Gfromthelistofheadingsbelow.
Writethecorrectnumber,i-ix,inboxes27-32onyouranswersheet.
ListofHeadings
iThereactionoftheInuitcommunitytoclimatechange
iiUnderstandingofclimatechangeremainslimited
iiiAlternativesourcesofessentialsupplies
ivRespectforInuitopiniongrows
vAhealthierchoiceoffood
viAdifficultlandscape
viiNegativeeffectsonwell-being
viiiAlarmcausedbyunprecedentedeventsintheArctic
ixThebenefitsofaneasierexistence
ExampleAnswer
ParagraphAviii
27 ParagraphB
28 ParagraphC
29 ParagraphD
30 ParagraphE
31 ParagraphF
32 ParagraphG
A UnusualincidentsarebeingreportedacrosstheArctic.Inuitfamiliesgoingoffonsnowmobilestopreparetheirsummerhuntingcampshavefoundthemselvescutofffromhomebyaseaofmud,following
treelesspolardesertthat'scoveredwithsnowformostoftheyear.Ventureintothisterrainandyougetsomeideaofthehardshipsfacinganyonewhocallsthishome.Farmingisoutofthequestionandnatureoffersmeagrepickings.HumansfirstsettledintheArcticamere4,500yearsago,survivingbyexploitingseamammalsandfish.Theenvironmenttestedthemtothelimits:
sometimesthecolonistsweresuccessful,sometimestheyfailedandvanished.Butaroundathousandyearsago,onegroupemergedthatwasuniquelywelladaptedtocopewiththeArcticenvironment.TheseThulepeoplemovedinfromAlaska,bringingkayaks,sleds,dogs,potteryandirontools.Theyaretheancestorsoftoday'sInuitpeople.
D LifeforthedescendantsoftheThulepeopleisstillharsh.Nunavutis1.9millionsquarekilometresofrockandice,andahandfulofislandsaroundtheNorthPole.It'scurrentlyhometo2,500people,allbutahandfulofthemindigenousInuit.Overthepast40years,mosthaveabandonedtheirnomadicwaysandsettledintheterritory's28isolatedcommunities,buttheystillrelyheavilyonnaturetoprovidefoodandclothing.
ProvisionsavailableinlocalshopshavetobeflownintoNunavutononeofthemostcostlyairnetworksintheworld,orbroughtbysupplyshipduringthefewice-freeweeksofsummer.Itwouldcostafamilyaroundf7,000ayeartoreplacemeattheyobtainedthemselvesthroughhuntingwithimportedmeat.Economicopportunitiesarescarce,andformanypeoplestatebenefitsaretheironlyincome.
E WhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople'shealth.Obesity,heartdiseaseanddiabetesarebeginningtoappearinapeopleforwhomthesehaveneverbeforebeenproblems.Therehasbeenacrisisofidentityasthetraditionalskillsofhunting,trappingandpreparingskinshavebeguntodisappear.InNunavut's'iglooandemail'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.
F Withsomuchatstake,theInuitaredeterminedtoplayakeyroleinteasingoutthemysteriesofclimatechangeintheArctic.Havingsurvivedthereforcenturies,theybelievetheirwealthoftraditionalknowledgeisvitaltothetask.AndWesternscientistsarestartingtodrawonthiswisdom,increasinglyreferredtoas‘lnuitQaujimajatuqangit’,orIQ.‘Intheearlydaysscientistsignoreduswhentheycameupheretostudyanything.Theyjustfiguredthesepeopledon'tknowverymuchsowewon'taskthem,’saysJohnAmagoalik,anInuitleaderandpolitician.'ButinrecentyearsIQhashadmuchmorecredibilityandweight.'Infactitisnowarequirementforanyonehopingtogetpermissiontodoresearchthattheyconsultthecommunities,whoarehelpingtosettheresearchagendatoreflecttheirmostimportantconcerns.Theycanturndownapplicationsfromscientiststheybelievewillworkagainsttheirinterests,orresearchprojectsthatwillimpingetoomuchontheirdailylivesandtraditionalactivities.
G SomescientistsdoubtthevalueoftraditionalknowledgebecausetheoccupationoftheArcticdoesn'tgobackfarenough.Others,however,pointoutthatthefirstweatherstationsinthefarnorthdatebackjust50years.Therearestillhugegapsinourenvironmentalknowledge,anddespitethescientificonslaught,manypredictionsarenomorethanbestguesses.IQcouldhelptobridgethegapandresolvethetremendousuncertaintyabouthowmuchofwhatwe'reseeingisnaturalcapriciousnessandhowmuchistheconsequenceofhumanactivity.
Questions33-40
CompletethesummaryofparagraphsCandDbelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromparagraphsCandDforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes33-40onyouranswersheet.
IfyouvisittheCanadianArctic,youimmediatelyappreciatetheproblemsfacedbypeopleforwhomthisishome.Itwouldclearlybeimpossibleforthepeopletoengagein33....................asameansofsupportingthemselves.Forthousandsofyearstheyhavehadtorelyoncatching34....................and35....................asameansofsustenance.
Theharshsurroundingssawmanywhotriedtosettletherepushedtotheirlimits,althoughsomeweresuccessful.The36....................peoplewereanexampleofthelatterandforthemtheenvironmentdidnotproveunmanageable.Forthepresentinhabitants,lifecontinuestobeastruggle.TheterritoryofNunavutconsistsoflittlemorethanice,rockandafew37....................Inrecentyears,manyofthemhavebeenobligedtogiveuptheir38....................lifestyle,buttheycontinuetodependmainlyon39....................fortheirfoodandclothes.40....................produceisparticularlyexpensive.
体裁 议论文
主题 气候变化与因纽特人
结构 A段:
概述北极罕见事件敲响警钟 B段:
因纽特人对于环境变化做出的反应
C段:
艰苦恶劣的自然条件 D段:
生活必需品来源的替代品
E段:
安逸生活的负面影响 F段:
因纽特人对于环境的建议逐渐被考虑和重视
G段:
人们对于环境的认识十分有限
A段
incident n.事件 abstract adj.抽象的
snowmobile n.雪地汽车 shrink v.收缩
thaw n.融雪 ice-free adj.不冻的
igloo n.圆顶建筑 knock-on adj.连锁的
insulating adj.绝缘的 precipitation n.降水
permafrost n.永久冰冻(永久冻土,永久冻地) canary n.金丝雀
B段
urgent adj.急迫的,紧要的,紧急的 hard-won adj.难得的,来之不易的
precarious a.不确定的;危险的 autonomy n.自治.自治权
threat n.威胁 liein 在于
content adj.满足的 combine v.结合
standback 退后(靠后站,不介入) ancestral a.祖先的,祖传的
C段
vast adj.广阔的 vanish v.消失
polar adj.两极的,极地的 adaptto 适应
venture v.冒险 copewith 对付(应付,克服)
terrain n.地带Thule n.古人相信存在于世界北端的国家,极北之地
meagre adj.瘦的,不足的
exploit v.开发,开拓 kayak n.(爱斯基摩人用的)皮船
mammal n.哺乳动物 sled n.雪撬
D段
descendant n.子孙,后代 relyon 依赖,依靠
harsh adj.艰苦的;苛刻的 provision n.供应品,必需品
indigenous adj.本土的 replacewith 取代,以……代替
abandon v.放弃 scarce adj.缺乏的,不足的
nomadic adj.游牧的
E段
curtail v.缩减,减少 identity n.身份;特性
obesity n.肥胖,肥大 depression n.沮丧,情绪低落;忧郁症
diabetes n.糖尿病
F段
atstake 在危险中(处于成败关头) credibility n.可信性
teaseout 梳理,挑出 consult v.商议;请教
vital adj.至关重要的;所必需的 agenda n.议程
wisdom n.明智的行为:
智慧 impinge v.侵犯
G段
occupation n.占有 tremendous adj.巨大的,惊人的
onslaught n.冲击 capriciousness n.任性;善变
prediction n.预言,预报
难句解析
1.WhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople’shealth.
参考译文:
即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕,因纽特人或许也不会真的挨饿受冻,但气候变化的确影响了人们的健康。
语言点:
(1)starve:
使饿死,饿得要死
a.tosufferordiebecauseyoudonothaveenoughtoeat
①Thousandsofpeoplewillstarveiffooddoesn'treachthecity.如果食物到不了城市,成千上万的人将饿死。
②They'lleitherdiefromthecoldorstarvetodeath(=diefromlackoffood).他们不是冻死就是饿死。
b.bestarving:
tobeveryhungry
Youmustbestarving!
你肯定饿了。
c.starvesomebody/somethingofsomething:
tonotgivesomethingthatisneeded
Theschoolsarestarvedoffunding.学校需要资金。
(2)curtail:
缩减
toreduceorlimitsomething
①Thenewlawwillcurtailpolicepowers.新法律将减弱警察的势力。
②Budgetcutshavedrasticallycurtailedtrainingprograms.预算削减极大程度地减少了培训项目。
2.InNunavut's‘iglooandemail'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.
参考译文:
在努纳武特地区“圆顶冰屋加电子邮件”的社会中,父母出生在冰屋之中,而其子女们或许从来没有到野外狩猎的经历,忧郁症频繁发生。
注:
此句话含有两个从句,一个是where引导的地点状语从句,另一个是who引导的定语从句。
语言点:
(1)地点状语从句:
地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导。
如:
WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方树很多。
WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
(2)定语从句:
关系代词引导的定语从句
定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:
who,whom,whose,that,which等。
关系副词有:
when,where,why等。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who,whom,that代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语:
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?
他就是想见你的人吗?
(who/that在从句中作主语)
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换),例如:
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,如:
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣景象。
Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
(which/that在句中作宾语)
3.AndWesternscientistsarestartingtodrawonthiswisdom,increasinglyreferredtoas‘InuitQaujimajatuqangit'orIQ.
参考译文:
西方的科学家们也开始逐渐吸收借鉴传统知识,并将其称为“因纽特智慧”或IQ。
语言点:
(1)drawon:
凭借,利用touse
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