Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here teaching notes.docx
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Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here teaching notes.docx
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Lesson1WhereDoWeGofromHereteachingnotes
LessonOneWhereDoWeGofromHere?
Lecturer:
Assoc.Prof.Dr.CHENYan
Email:
cyan@
I.LearningObjectives
²ToknowthesocialenvironmentoftheUSAinthe1960s;
²TobefamiliarwiththecharacteristicsofMartin’sspeech;
²Tograsptherhetoricaldevicesusedinthetext.
²MajorTasks
²WatchingvideoclipsofMartinLutherKing’sspeech“IHaveaDream”at
²OrganizationoftheText
²Languagepoints
♣Newordifficultwords
♣Longsentences
♣Grammaticalpoints
♣Rhetoricdevices
II.Backgroundinformation
Majorterms:
•Theanti-warmovement(p2)
•TheCivilRightsmovement(p2)
♀Brownv.BoardofEducationofTopekain1954(p2)
♀TheMontgomerybusboycottof1955(p2)
•TheCounter-culturemovement(p2)
•TheFeministmovement(p2)
•MalcolmX(p3)
•The1965Wattsriot(p7)
•SoutheastAsia’sColonialHistory
•FrancegainedcontrolofVietnamby1883despitefierceresistancefromtheVietnamese.
•TheFrenchcombinedVietnamwithLaosandCambodiatoformFrenchIndochina.
•HoChiMinhledagrowingnationalistmovementinVietnam.
•DuringWorldWarII,theJapanesearmyoccupiedFrenchIndochina.
•AgroupcalledtheLeaguefortheIndependenceofVietnam,ortheVietminh,foughttheJapanese.
•AfterWorldWarII,theVietminhdeclaredindependence,buttheFrenchquicklymovedintoreclaimVietnam.
•ColonialVietnam
HoChiMinh
•RealnameisNguyenThatThanh;HoChiMinhmeans“HeWhoEnlightens.”
•ParticipatedintaxrevoltsagainsttheFrench.
•JoinedtheFrenchCommunistParty.
•BelievedthataCommunistrevolutionwasawayVietnamcouldbefreeofforeignrulers.
WorldWarII
•JapanoccupiedFrenchIndochina.
•HoChiMinhorganizedtheVietminhtofighttheJapanese.
•JapansurrenderedtotheAlliesin1945,andtheVietminhdeclaredVietnamtobeindependent.
•HoChiMinhhopedforU.S.supportoftheirindependence.
•TheFrenchreclaimedVietnamafterWorldWarII.
•VietnamafterWorldWarII
TheDominoTheory
•Dominotheory—thebeliefthatcommunismwouldspreadtoneighboringcountriesifVietnamfelltocommunism
•Toavoidthis,theUnitedStatessupportedtheFrenchduringtheVietnamWar.
•By1954theUnitedStateswaspayingmorethan75percentofthecostofthewar.
•TheFrenchcontinuedtolosebattleafterbattle.
•Vietminhusedguerrillatacticseffectively.
FranceDefeated
•FrenchsoldiersmadealaststandatDienBienPhu.
•FrenchforceshopedforaU.S.rescue,butEisenhowerdidnotwanttosendU.S.soldierstoAsiasosoonafterKorea.
•TheFrenchsurrenderedonMay7,1954.
•Aftereightyearsoffighting,thetwosideshadlostnearly300,000soldiers.
•TheVietminhhadlearnedhowtofightaguerillawaragainstanenemywithsuperiorweaponsandtechnology.
•ConflictbetweenNorthVietnam
andSouthVietnam
•PresidentEisenhowerhopedtopreventcommunismfromspreadingtoSouthVietnam.
•SouthVietnam’sleaderwasNgoDinhDiem.
•NorthVietnam’sleaderwasHoChiMihn.
•WhileHoChiMinhbecamemoreandmorepopularinNorthVietnam,NgoDinhDiem’scorruptandbrutalleadershipbegantoangermanySouthVietnamese.
•Bythelate1950sacivilwarbrokeoutinSouthVietnam.
•Andby1960,HoChiMinhexpandedtheefforttounifyNorthandSouthVietnamunderaCommunistgovernment.
•GrowingConflictinVietnam
Vietnam’sLeaders
•NgoDinhDiembecamethepresidentofSouthVietnamin1954.
•Diem’sgovernmentwascorrupt,brutal,andunpopularfromthestart.
•HefavoredCatholicsandthewealthy.
•Diemcancelledthe1956electionthatwouldunifyVietnamunderonegovernment.
•HoChiMinh’sleadershipinNorthVietnamwastotalitarianandrepressive.
•Hegavelandtopeasants,whichmadehimpopular.
ACivilWar
•Diem’sopponentsinSouthVietnambegantorevolt.
•NorthVietnamsuppliedweaponstoVietminhrebelsinSouthVietnam.
•TheVietminhinSouthVietnamformedtheNationalLiberationFrontandcalledtheirmilitaryforcestheVietcong.
•TheVietcongassassinatedmanySouthVietnameseleadersandsooncontrolledmuchofthecountryside.
•In1960HoChiMinhsenttheNorthVietnameseArmyintothecountrytofightwiththeVietcong.
•U.S.InvolvementinVietnam
•IncreasingU.S.Involvement
Diem’sOverthrow
•Diem’sgovernmentcontinuedtogrowmoreandmoreunpopular.
•HearrestedandkilledBuddhistprotesters.
•U.S.leaderssaidtheywouldwithdrawsupportifDiemdidnotchangehisways.
•DiemrefusedtochangehisstandagainstBuddhists,andtheUnitedStatesbegantosupportaplottooverthrowDiem.
•InNovember1963theSouthVietnameseplottersmurderedDiem.
TonkinGulfResolution
•ToincreasetheAmericanmilitaryeffortinVietnam,JohnsonneededtoobtainauthorityfromCongress.
•JohnsonaskedCongressforthisauthorityclaimingthattheUSSMaddoxhadbeenattackedbyNorthVietnamesetorpedoboatsintheGulfofTonkin.
•Johnsonclaimedthisattackwasunprovoked,butreallytheMaddoxhadbeenonaspyingmissionandhadfiredfirst.
•TheTonkinGulfResolutionwaspassedonAugust7.
•PublicOpinionRegardingtheVietnamWar
•ReasonsthatDovesOpposedtheWar
•ArguedthatVietnamwasnotcrucialtoAmericannationalsecurity(Ex.GeorgeKennan)
•ArguedthattheUnitedStateswasfightingagainstthewishesofamajorityofVietnamese(Ex.Dr.BenjaminSpock)
•ArguedthatthewarwasdrainingneededresourcesfromGreatSocietyprograms(Ex.MartinLutherKingJr.)
•ArguedthatitwasunfairforAfricanAmericanstofightfordemocracyinaforeignlandwhendiscriminationcontinuedathome(Ex.Civilrightsactivists)
•ArguedthatJohnson’spoliciesweretooextreme(Ex.J.WilliamFulbright)
•Anti-WarDemonstrations
•The1968DemocraticConventioninChicago
▪Theeventsofthe1968DemocraticConventioninChicagoillustratedthedepthofthedivisionsinthePartyandsocietyatlargewheniteruptedintoviolence.
▪Anti-waractivistsplannedamassivedemonstrationoutsideconventionvenues.
▪Chicago'smayorrefusedallparadepermitsandmobilizedover20,000lawenforcementpersonnel.
▪OnAugust28,asdemonstratorsmarchedtowardtheconvention,a"policeriot"occurredasofficersfiredteargasandbeatprotestersandreporters.
▪HubertHumphreywonthenomination,butthepartywashopelesslyfractured.
•JohnKerryandVietnamVeteransAgainsttheWar
▪FutureSenator&PresidentialcandidateJohnKerryservedintheNavyduringtheVietnamWar.
▪HewasawardedtheSilverStar,BronzeStar,andthreePurpleHearts.
▪KerryjoinedtheVietnamVeteransAgainsttheWar(VVAW).
▪In1971,KerrybecamethefirstVietnamveterantotestifybeforeCongress.
▪Heasked,"[H]owdoyouaskamantobethelastmantodieinVietnam?
Howdoyouaskamantobethelastmantodieforamistake?
"
•JohnKerryandVietnamVeteransAgainsttheWar
•Thedayafterthistestimony,Kerryparticipatedinademonstrationwith800otherveterans.
•TheythrewtheirmedalsandribbonsoverafenceatthefrontstepsoftheU.S.Capitolbuilding.
•Kerryexplained,"I'mnotdoingthisforanyviolentreasons,butforpeaceandjustice,andtotryandmakethiscountrywakeuponceandforall."
•JaneFondaandVietnam
•JaneFondaisanOscar-winningactor,writer,producer,andpoliticalactivist.
•SheiscreditedwithexposingNixon'spotentialstrategyofbombingthedikesinVietnam.
•UnitedNationsambassadorGeorgeH.W.Bush.BushintendedtoprovideevidenceofUSinnocence,butFondareleasedfilmedevidence.
•InVietnam,Fondawasphotographedmultipletimesseatedonananti-aircraftbatteryusedagainstAmericanaircrews.
•SheparticipatedinradiobroadcastsonbehalfoftheCommunistregime,askingUSaircrewstoturnaroundwithoutdroppingtheirbombs.
•MartinLutherKing
•BrownV.BoardofEducation
•Alittlegirlwantedtogotoaschoolthatwasclosetoherhouseinsteadofwalkingmilesawaytoaschoolthatwasnotadequate.Herfathertookthecasetocourtandwon.Thejudgeruledthatseparatewasnotequal.
•OnMay17,1954,ChiefJusticeEarlWarrenreadthedecisionoftheunanimousCourt:
"Wecomethentothequestionpresented:
Doessegregationofchildreninpublicschoolssolelyonthebasisofrace,eventhoughthephysicalfacilitiesandother"tangible"factorsmaybeequal,deprivethechildrenoftheminoritygroupofequaleducationalopportunities?
Webelievethatitdoes...Weconcludethatinthefieldofpubliceducationthedoctrineof'separatebutequal'hasnoplace.Separateeducationalfacilitiesareinherentlyunequal.Therefore,weholdthattheplaintiffsandotherssimilarlysituatedforwhomtheactionshavebeenbroughtare,byreasonofthesegregationcomplainedof,deprivedoftheequalprotectionofthelawsguaranteedbytheFourteenthAmendment.
•Dr.HughW.Speer,testifiedthat:
•,"...ifthecoloredchildrenaredeniedtheexperienceinschoolofassociatingwithwhitechildren,whorepresent90percentofournationalsocietyinwhichthesecoloredchildrenmustlive,thenthecoloredchild'scurriculumisbeinggreatlycurtailed.TheTopekacurriculumoranyschoolcurriculumcannotbeequalundersegregation."
•``Inthefieldofpubliceducationthedoctrineof'separatebutequal'hasnoplace..."
•WhyTheyWon
•Keepinmind,theonlyreasontheywonthecasewasthattheybaseditonhumanrightsandfeelings.
•Theymadethecourtsfeelempathyforminoritychildren.
•Integration
•``Toseparatechildrensolelybecauseoftheirrace
generatesafeelingofinferioritythatmayaffect
theirheartsandmindsinawayunlikelyevertobeundone."
•JimCrowLa
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