大学英语四级考试模拟题.docx
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大学英语四级考试模拟题.docx
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大学英语四级考试模拟题
2015年12月大学英语四级考试模拟题
PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Directions:
Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
PassageOne
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology.Scienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforimplementingthefindingofscience.
Anotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.
Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,whoseektocomprehendtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeople'slikesordislikesortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings.Whatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople-asdidDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Butevenanunpleasanttruthismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besides,wehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveit!
Buthardlysowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusingtohearthesonicboomproducedbyasupersonicaircraftflyingoverhead;wedonothavetheoptionofrefusingtobreathepollutedair;andwedonothavetheoptionoflivinginanon-atomicage.Unlikescienceprogress,technologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehumanfactor.Thelegitimatepurposeoftechnologyistoservepeopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,notmerelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.Technologymustbehumanisticifitistoleadtoabetterworld.
21.Thedifferencebetweenscienceandtechnologyliesinthat_____.
A)theformerprovidesanswerstotheoreticalquestionswhilethelattertopracticalproblems
B)theformerseekstocomprehendtheuniversewhilethelatterhelpschangethematerialworld
C)theformeraimstodiscovertheinter-connectionsoffactsandtherulesthatexplainthemwhilethelatter,todiscovernewdesignsandwaysofmakingthethingsweuseinourdailylife
D)alloftheabove
22.Whichofthefollowingmayberepresentativeofscience?
A)Theimprovementofpeople'slife.
B)Thetheoryofpeople'slife.
C)Farmingtools.
D)Massproduction.
23.Accordingtotheauthor,scientifictheories_____.
A)mustbestrictlyobjective
B)usuallytakeintoconsiderationpeople'slikesanddislikes
C)shouldconformtopopularopinions
D)alwaysappearinperfectandfinishedforms
24.Theauthorstatesthattechnologyitself_____.
A)isresponsibleforwidespreadpollutionandresourceexhaustion
B)shouldservethosewhowishtogainadvantageforthemselves
C)willleadtoabetterworldifputtowiseuse
D)willinevitablybeforbadpurpose
25.Thetoneoftheauthorinthispassageis_____.
A)positive
B)negative
C)factual
D)critical
PassageTwo
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Americanshavealwaysbeenambivalentintheirattitudestowardeducation.Ontheonehand,freeanduniversalpubliceducationwasseenasnecessaryinademocracy,forhowelsewouldcitizenslearnhowtogovernthemselvesinaresponsibleway?
Ontheotherhand,Americawasalwaysacountrythatofferedfinancialopportunitiesforwhicheducationwasnotneeded:
ontheroadfromragstoriches,schooling-beyondthebasicsofreading,writing,andarithmetic-wasanunnecessarydetour.
Eventoday,itisstillpossibleforpeopletoachievefinancialsuccesswithoutmucheducation,butthenumberofsituationsinwhichthisispossibleisdecreasing.Intoday'smorecomplexworld,theopportunitiesforfinancialsuccessiscloselyrelatedtotheneedforeducation,especiallyhighereducation.
Oursocietyisrapidlybecomingonewhosechiefproductisinformation,anddealingwiththisinformationrequiresmoreandmorespecializededucation.Inotherwords,wegrowuplearningmoreandmoreaboutfewerandfewersubjects.
Inthefuture,thistrendislikelytocontinue.Tomorrow'sworldwillbeevenmorecomplexthantoday'sworld,and,tomanagethiscomplexity,evenmorespecializededucationwillbeneeded.
26.Thetopictreatedinthispassageis_____.
A)educationingeneral
B)Americans'attitudes
C)highereducation
D)Americaneducation
27.Americans'attitudestowardeducationhavealwaysbeen_____.
A)certainB)contradictory
C)ambitiousD)unclear
28.Today,financialsuccessiscloselyrelatedtotheneedfor_____.
A)highereducationB)publiceducation
C)responsiblecitizensD)learningthebasics
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat_____.
A)informationisouronlyproduct
B)educationinthefuturewillbespecialized
C)weareenteringanageofinformation
D)wearelivinginanageofinformation
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A)TheHistoryofAmericanEducation.
B)TheNeedforSpecializedEducation.
C)TheFutureoftheAmericanEducationalSystem.
D)AttitudestowardAmericanEducation.
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Agrowingworldpopulationandthediscoveriesofsciencemayalterthispatternofdistributioninthefuture.Asmenslowlylearntomasterdiseases,controlfloods,preventfamines,andstopwars,fewerpeopledieeveryyear;andinconsequencethepopulationoftheworldissteadilyincreasing.In1925therewereabout2,000millionpeopleintheworld;bytheendofthecenturytheremaywellbeover4,000million.
Whennumbersrisetheextramouthsmustbefed.Newlandsmustbebroughtundercultivation,orlandalreadyfarmedmadetoyieldlargercrops.Insomeareastheaccessiblelandissointensivelycultivatedthatitwillbedifficulttomakeitprovidemorefood.Insomeareasthepopulationissodensethatthelandisparceledoutinunitstootinytoallowformuchimprovementinfarmingmethods.Werealargepartofthisfarmingpopulationdrawnoffintoindustrialoccupations,thelandmightbefarmedmuchmoreproductivelybymodernmethods.
Thereisnowaraceforscience,technology,andindustrytokeeptheoutputoffoodrisingfasterthanthenumberofpeopletobefed.Newstrainsofcropsarebeingdevelopedwhichwillthriveinunfavorableclimates:
therearenowfarmsbeyondtheArcticCircleinSiberiaandNorthAmerica;irrigationanddry-farmingmethodsbringaridlandsundertheplough,damsholdbackthewatersofgreatriverstoensurewaterforthefieldsinallseasonsandtoprovideelectricpowerfornewindustries;industrialchemistryprovidesfertilizerstosuitparticularsoils;aeroplanesspraycropstodestroylocustsandmanyplantdiseases.Everyyearsomenewmeansisdevisedtoincreaseortoprotectthefoodoftheworld.
31.Theauthorsaysthattheworldpopulationisgrowingbecause_____.
A)therearemanyrichvalleysandfertileplains
B)thepatternofdistributionisbeingaltered
C)peoplearelivinglonger
D)newlandisbeingbroughtundercultivation
32.Theauthorsaysthatindenselypopulatedareasthelandmightbemoreproductivelyfarmedif_____.
A)theplotsweresubdivided
B)alargepartofthepeoplemovedtoadifferentpartofthecountry
C)industrialmethodswereusedinfarming
D)theunitsoflandweremademuchlarger
33.WearetoldthattherearenowfarmsbeyondtheArcticCircle.Thishasbeenmadepossibleby_____.
A)producingnewstrainsofcrops
B)irrigationanddry-farmingmethods
C)providingfertilizers
D)destroyingpestsanddisease
34.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtotheword"strains"?
A)typesB)sizes
C)seedsD)harvests
35.Theauthor'smainpurposeisto_____.
A)argueforabeliefB)describeaphenomenon
C)entertainD)proposeaconclusion
PassageFour
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreatures-learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto"rewards";andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological(生理的)"drives"asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.
Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.
Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto"reward"thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadhadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren'sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement"switchedon"adisplayoflights-andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasth
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