O 专业英语词汇.docx
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O 专业英语词汇.docx
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O专业英语词汇
GLOSSARY
"Source"to"Sink"movement源-库运动thetranslocationofmaterial(hormones,metabolites,andsoforth)fromtheirpointoforiginormanufacturetothesink,generally,meristems,roots,andstoragetissues.
Abscission脱落thesheddingordroppingofplantorgans,suchasleaves,flowers,andfruits.
Absorption吸收theuptakeofanymaterialbyaplantorseed,suchaswaterbytherootsorpesticidethroughtheleaves.
Accessoryfruit附果afruithavingpartsnotentirelyderivedfromtheovary;usuallydevelopedfromaninferiorovary;withthefloraltubeconstitutingtheaccessoryportion.Insomefruits,areceptaclemaybetheaccessorypart.
Acclimation驯化=hardening-off./Theforcingofplantstoadapttoconditionsunlikethoseunderwhichtheyweregrown.Foliageplantsareacclimatizedforthelowlightconditionsinhomes,offices,andsoon.组培时用acclimatization.
Achene瘦果asimple,dry,one-celled,one-seededindehiscentfruit.Achenesarefoundonthesurfaceofthestrawberryreceptacleandcontrolitsdevelopmentintoanedible"fruit".
Acropetal向顶运输movingordevelopingfrombasetoapex.
Activegrowth快速生长期aphaseoftheplantlifecyclecharacterizedbyrapidstemlengtheningandleafproductionandsometimesfloweringorfruiting.
Activeingredient(杀虫剂)有效成分活性成分theingredientinapesticidethatcausesitseffectiveness.Otheringredientsarecalledinertingredients,suchascarriersorsurfactants.
Acuminate(叶尖)渐尖的havingalong,slendersharppointwithaterminalanglelessthan45°;marginsstraighttoconvex.
Adhesion吸附theattractionofliquidsforsolids,forexample,theattractionofwaterforsoil.
Adultplant成龄植株Aplantthatissufficientlymaturetoflowerundernormalinductiveconditions.Contrastwithjuvenileplant(幼龄植株).
Adventitiousbud不定芽abudproducedonapartofaplantwhereabudisnotusuallyfound,suchasonaleafveinorroot.
Adventitiousroot不定根arootproducedbyotherthanprimaryroottissues,suchasfromthestem.
Adventitious不定的Astem,leaf,orrootthatarisesfroman"unexpected"location.Ashootthatgrowsfromaleafaxilisnotadventitious,butonethatgrowsfromalateralrootis.
Aerobic需氧的thatwhichoccursonlyinthepresenceofoxygen.
Aggregatefruit聚合果afruitformedfromaflowerhavingseveralpistils,allofwhichripentogetherinasinglemass,asinblackberryandraspberry.
Airlayering(高空)压条Aformofplantpropagationinwhichanattachedstemiswoundedandwrappedforthepurposeofproducingroots.Therootedshootissubsequentlyremovedandgrownon,andtheremainderoftheplantcontinuestoliveandgrow.Twoormoreseparateplantsresult.
Alleles等位基因Pairsorseriesofformsofagenelocatedatthesamelocationinhomologous(like)chromosomes.
Allelopathy化感作用、异株克生theinjuryofoneplantbyanotherthroughexcretionoftoxicsubstancesbytheroots;theblackwalnuthasallelopathicproperties.
Allotetraploid异源四倍体apolyploidhavingfourssetsofchromosomesthataregeneticallydifferent,resultingfromhybridizationbetweendifferentspecies.
Ambient(特定时段的)环境条件,如温度relatingtotheenvironmentataparticulartime,asinambienttemperature.
Amendment土壤改良amaterialaddedtosoilthatrendersitmoresuitableforplantgrowth,forexample,sand,lime,compost,andpeatmoss.
Anatomy解剖学theinternalstructureofanorganism.
Angiosperm被子植物ataxonomicclassoftheplantkingdom,thefloweringplants.Theseedsofangiospermsareborneinanenclosedovary.
Anlagen原基undifferentiatedtissue.=primordium
Annual一年生的aplantthatgrowstomaturity,flowers,producesseed,anddiesduringoneseason;oftenreferstofrost-tenderflowerspecies./Anyplantthatcompletesitslifecyclewithinonegrowingseason.
Anther花药thetop,pollen-producingportionofthestamen./thepollenbearingpartofthestamen.
Anthesis花期、开花Thetimewhentheanthersdehisceandshedtheirpollen.Generallyusedfortheperiodofopeningorexpansionofaflower
Anthocyanin花色素苷naturalpigmentsofblue,purple,andred.
Antitranspirant抗蒸腾剂substancesthatsloworstoptheevaporativelossofwaterfromplants.
Apicaldominance顶端优势thephenomenonwheretheterminalbudexertscontroloverlateralbudsbyinhibitingtheiroutgrowth;theinfluenceexertedbyaterminalbudinsuppressingthegrowthoflateralbuds.
Apicalmeristem顶端分生组织(agroupofmeristematiccellsatthetipoftherootorshoot)fromwhichalltissuesofthematureaxisareultimatelyformed.
Apomixis无融合生殖seed(embryo)formationwithoutsexualunionofgametes.ThisoccursinKentuckybluegrassandcitrus.
Arboretum(arboreta)植物园树木园aplacewheretreesaregrown-eitheraloneorwithotherplants-forscientificandeducationalpurposes.
Arboriculture园林树木学thebranchofhorticulturethatdealswiththecareandmaintenanceofornamentaltrees;Todistinguishfromforestry,thefocusisgenerallyonlandscapeandurbantrees.
Arm主枝、主蔓themainbranchesofthetrunk.
Artificialmedium人工基质(不含土壤)agrowingmediumthatdoesnotcontainsoil.
Aseptic无菌的Sterile;anenvironmentorareadevoidoflivingorganisms,especiallymicroorganisms.
Asexual(vegetative)propagation无性繁殖(营养繁殖)
Ashcontent灰分theamountofmineralmatterpresentinasoilamendment.
Astringency涩味、涩性apuckerytastesensationcausedbytannins.
Atomizer雾化器aninstrumentthatbreaksaliquidintosmalldropletsthroughtheuseofforcedair,forexample,apesticideapplicator.
Autopolyploid同源多倍体aplant,tissue,orcellhavingmorethantwocompletesetsofchromosomes,allofwhichcamefromthesameoriginalsource.
Axil腋theangleformedwhereapetiolejoinsastem.
Axillarybud腋芽Budslocatedwheretheleafpetioleisattachedtothestem(theaxiloftheleaf).
Balancedfertilizer平衡肥料afertilizercontainingequalpro-portionsofnitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium.
Bareroot裸根、裸根Aplant,usuallywoodyoraherbaceousperennial,thatissoldwithlittleornosoilonitsroots.
Bark(树)皮thetough,exteriorcoveringofawoodystemorrootoutsidethecambium.
Basebud基芽abudintheaxilofabractatthebaseofacanethatisnotborneataclearlydefinednodeonthecane.Shootsthatarisefromthesebudsareoftenunfruitful.
Baseshoot(=watersprout)萌蘖=sucker(alsoreferredtoasawatersprout):
ashootfromabudatthebaseofacaneorpreviouslyremovedshootorcane.Itmaybefoundontrunks,cordons,arms,andatthebaseofcanes.Itisoftenextraneousand,unlessneededforrenewalorfruiting,shouldberemovedduringtheprocesscommonlyreferredtoas‘suckering’.
Basipetal向基的movingordevelopingfromtiptobase.
Bear结果to"bear"istoproducefruit.
Bearingage(初次结果)树龄年龄theageatwhichatreeproducesitsfirstfruit.
Bed苗床asoilareapreparedforplanting.
Bench工作台/试验台araisedplatforminagreenhouseforgrowingplants.
Berry浆果Atrueberryisderivedfromanovarywithnoaccessoryparts(asinthegrape)whileafalseberryiscomposedofpartsinadditiontotheovary(asinthestrawberryorblueberry).
Biennial2年生Plantsthatrequireallorportionsoftwogrowingseasonstocompletetheirlifecycles.
Bilateralcordon:
training,asingrapes,wherethetrunkisdividedintotwobranchesextendinghorizontallyonasupportingwire.
Binomialsystem双名系统双名命名法thesystemofnamingplantsdevel-opedbyCarolusLinnaeuswherebyplantnamesaregivenintwoparts,thegenusandspecies.
Bioherbicide生物除草剂anherbicidederivedfromaplant.
Biologicalcontrol生物防治theuseofanotherorganismtokillaplantpest,forexample,theuseofBacillusthuringiensisdiseasetokillcaterpillars.
Biotechnology生物技术Thistermisgenerallyusedtomeanmanipulatingandtransferringgenesfromoneorganismtoanother(recombinantDNAtechnology)andcloningofbothplantsandanimals.
Blade叶片theexpandedportionofaleaf;thelamina.
Blanch白化处理theprocessofcoveringplantsorplantpartstoexcludelighttopreventtheformationofchlorophyllandtocauseitslossinthecoveredtissue;toexcludelightfromavegetabletomakeitmoretender,lessstrongtasting,ormoreattractive.
Bloom开花、花期、(浆果)果霜thestateofflowering./toyieldorproduceflowers./thedelicatewaxyorpowderysubstanceonthesurfaceofberries.
Botanicalinsecticide植物杀虫剂aninsecticidederivedfromaplant;examplesarepyrethrum,rotenone,andryania.
Botany植物学Thestudyofplantbiology.
Bract苞片acoloredleafthatfunctionsasaflowerpetal;afloweroftenarisesintheaxilofabract;/amodified,oftenverysmallleaf.
Branchcollar枝脊theridgeofbarktissueatthebaseofabranch.
Branchspreader(整形修剪时)支棍apieceofwoodinsertedbetweenthetrunkandbranchofafruittreetowidenthecrotchandcreateastrongerbranch.
Breakingdormancy打破休眠causingaplantorseedtochangefromadormanttoanactivegrowthphase.
Budscales芽鳞/鳞片protectivescale-likeleaveswhichcovertheshootapexandembryonicleavesofawinterbud,preventingdesiccationandinjury.
Bud芽arudimentaryshootorflower//Anundevelopedorcompressedstem
Budding芽接implantingabudofoneplantontoanotherplantsothattheresultingshootbearsthecharacteristicsofthebudparentontherootsofthehost./Thegraftingofabudontoanunderstock;aformofclonal(asexual)propagation.
Bulb球茎/鳞茎anundergroundstorageorgancomposedofashortenedstemcoveredwithmodifiedleavescalledscales.
Cactus仙人掌amemberoftheplantfamilyCactaceae.
Callus愈伤组织Anunorganizedmassofcellsthatformsonplantsorexplantsinresponsetowoundingorapplicationofsomeplantgrowthregulators,suchasauxinsandcytokinins.
Calyptra帽状体thefusedpetalsofthegrapethatfalloffthefloweratanthesis(bloom).
Calyx花萼acollectivetermforallt
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