作文范文之9六级作文原题.docx
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作文范文之9六级作文原题.docx
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作文范文之9六级作文原题
20039六级作文原题
【篇一:
2003年9月英语六级真题(含答案)】
2003年9月英语六级真题
passageone
questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
in1985whenajapanairlines(jal)jetcrashed,itspresident,yasumototakagi,calledeachvictim’sfamilytoapologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.andin1987,whenasubsidiaryoftoshibasolesensitivemilitarytechnologytotheformersovietunion,thechairmanoftoshibagaveuphispost.
theseexecutiveactions,whichtoshibacalls“thehighestformofapology,”mayseembizarretousmanagers.nooneatboeingresignedafterthejalcrash,whichmayhavebeencausedbyafaultyboeingrepair.
thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferent
definitionsofdelegation.whileusexecutivesgivebothresponsibilityandauthoritytotheiremployees,japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthority—theresponsibilityisstilltheirs.althoughthesubsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytothesovietshaditsownmanagement,thetoshibatopexecutivessaidthey“musttakepersonalresponsibilityfornotcreatinganatmospherethroughoutthetoshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivityunthinkable,eveninanindependentlyrunsubsidiary.”
suchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesin
japan.schoolprincipalsinjapanhaveresignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.eveniftheydonotquit,japaneseexecutiveswilloftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinotherways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhenacompanygetsintofinancialtrouble.suchpersonalsacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityandemployeeloyaltythatiscrucialtothejapanesewayofdoingbusiness.
harvardbusinessschoolprofessorgeorgelodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame“almostafeudal(封建的)wayofpurging(清除)thecommunityofdishonor,”andtosomeintheunitedstates,suchresignationslookcowardly.however,inanerainwhichbothbusinessandgovernmentalleadersseem
particularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,manyusmanagerswouldprobablywelcomeaninfusion(灌输)ofthejapanesesenseofresponsibility,if,forinstance,usautomobilecompanyexecutivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheirworkerstotakepaycuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.
21.whydidthechairmanoftoshibaresignhispositionin1987?
a)injapan,theleakageofaslatesecrettorussiansisagravecame.b)hehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohissubordinates.
c)injapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyitssubsidiaries.最高主管要对子公司负责
d)hehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingplaceinhiscorporation.
22.accordingtothepassageifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinjapan,youhaveto________.
迅速道歉
c)makesymbolicsacrificeswhenevernecessary
d)createastrongsenseofcompanyloyalty
23.what’sprofessorgeorgelodge’sattitudetowardstheresignationsofjapanesecorporateleaders?
a)sympatheticc)critical批评的
b)biased.d)approving.
24.whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
a)boeinghadnothingtodowiththejalaircrashin1985.
b)americanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilityinseparable.权威和责任是不可分割的
c)schoolprincipalsbearlegalresponsibilityforstudentscrimes.
d)persuadingemployeestotakepaycutsdoesn’thelpsolvecorporatecrises.
25.thepassageismainlyabout________.
a)resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesscrises
b)theimportanceofdelegatingresponsibilitytoemployeesc)waysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofcrises
d)thedifferencebetweentwobusinesscultures商业文化企业文化
passagetwo
questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
asmachinesgo,thecarisnotterriblynoisy,norterriblypolluting,norterriblydangerous;andonallthosedimensionsithasbecomebetterasthecenturyhasgrownolder.themainproblemisitsprevalence,andthesocialcoststhatensuefromtheusebyeveryoneofsomethingthatwouldbefairlyharmlessif,say,onlytherichweretouseit.itisapricewepayforequality.如果仅仅是富人使用的话就好了
beforebecomingtoogloomy,itisworthrecallingwhythecarhasbeenarguablythemostsuccessfulandpopularproductofthewholeofthepast100years—andremainsso.thestorybeginswiththeenvironmentalimprovementitbroughtinthe1900s.innewyorkcityin1900,accordingtothecarculture.a1975bookbyj.flink,ahistorian,horsesdeposited2.5millioopoundsofmanure(粪)and60,000gallonsofurine(尿)everyday.everyyear,thecityauthoritieshadtoremovean
averageof15,000deadhorsesfromthestreets,itmadecarssmellofroses.比马污染轻
carswerealsowonderfullyflexible.themainearliersolutiontohorsepollutionandtrafficjamswastheelectrictrolleybus(电车).butthatrequiredfixedoverheadwires,andrailsandplatforms,whichwereexpensive,ugly,andinflexible,thecarcouldgofromanyatoanyb,andallowedtownstodevelopinalldirectionswithlow-densityhousing,ratherthanjustbeingconcentratedalongthetrolleyorraillines.ruralareasbenefitedtoo,fortheybecamelessremote.
however,sincepollutionbecameaconcerninthe1950s,expertshave
predicted—wrongly—thatthecarboomwasabouttoend.inhisbookmr.flink
arguedthatby1973theamericanmarkethadbecomesaturated,atonecarforevery
2.25people,andsohadthemarketsofjapanandwesterneurope(becauseoflandshortages).environmentalworriesanddiminishingoilreserveswouldprohibitmasscaruseanywhereelse.
hewaswrong,between1970and1990,whereasamerica’spopulationgrewby23%,theaumberofcarsonitsroadsgrewby60%,thereisnowonecarforevery1.7peoplethere,oneforevery2.1injapan,oneforevery5.3inbritain.around550millioncarsarealreadyontheroads,nottomentionallthetrucksandmocorcyeles,andabout50millionnewonesaremadeeachyearworldwide.willitgoon?
undoubtedly,becausepeoplewantitto.
26.asisgiveninthefirstparagraph,thereasonwhythecarhasbecomeaproblemisthat________.a)poorpeoplecan’taffordit
b)itistooexpensivetomaintain社会成本太高
c)toomanypeopleareusingit
d)itcausestoomanyroadaccidents
27.accordingtothepassage,thecarstartedtogainpopularitybecause________.
a)itdidn’tbreakdownaseasilyasahorse
b)ithadacomparativelypleasantodor
c)itcausedlesspollutionthanhorses汽车污染轻
d)itbrightenedupthegloomystreets
28.whatimpactdidtheuseofcarshaveonsociety?
a)peoplewerecompelledtoleavedowntownareas.
b)peoplewereabletoliveinlesscrowdedsuburbanareas.居住不拥挤的地方
c)businessalongtrolleyandraillinesslackened.
d)citystreetswerefreeofuglyoverheadwires.
29.mr.flinkarguedinhisbookthatcarswouldnotbewidelyusedinothercountriesbecause________.
a)theonceboomingcarmarkethasbecomesaturated
b)trafficjamsinthosecountriesaregettingmoreandmoreserious
30.what’swrongwithmr.flink’sprediction?
a)theuseofautomobileshaskeptincreasingworldwide.继续增长
b)newgenerationsofcarsarevirtuallypollutionfree.
c)thepopulationofamericahasnotincreasedasfast.
d)people’senvironmentalconcernsareconstantlyincreasing.
passagethree
questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeamericansfeeluncomforubleandembarrassed.theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.
humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.
althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,so,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,universityofminnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.
attulaneuniversity’steatanalysislaboratorydr.peterkastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectanduncomfortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.atcolumbiauniversitydt.liasyfarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.tearscanbeobtained
painlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.
坏的影b)cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy
c)cryingusuallywinssympathy
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