英语四级阅读笔记.docx
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英语四级阅读笔记.docx
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英语四级阅读笔记
英语四级阅读学习笔记
按照内容分为两类:
一、文科文章—两点注意:
1.文章态度
2.抓住文章主题1)把握主题后不会偏差理解
2)与主题相关的选项为优选选项
二、理科文章
1.试验型(Study\Experiment\Research\Test)
2.科技成果型(e.g.ArtificialHeart)3.现象解释型
按照体裁分为三类:
一、说明文1.抓住说明对象2.重要数据事实
二、议论文属于文科类文章
三、记叙文
阅读中难点句型:
一、多重复合句----关键抓住主句主干成分
二、多重并列句----两个主句并列在一起,而非主句从句嵌套在一起
三、强调句----被强调部分为主语、宾语、状语Itisthat…
四、被动句----基本结构AisdonebyB
五、倒装句----否定词hardly,rarely,seldom,never,notuntil,notonly引起句子倒装
六、省略句----e.g.Heisagoodman,soamI.
建议采用的阅读方法:
一、扫描题干,大致了解题目类型及分布,将其中细节题题干关键词划出。
二、速读原文,遇到题干关键词或其同义词时做适当标记;关注考试原则句。
考试原则句:
重要句(各段首句,文章末句,结论、解释句),转折句,条件句,因果
关系句,复合句等难句(多重复合、多重并列、强调句、倒装句),时间,数字,人名,
比较。
三、定位答案,正确选项为文章对应语句的同义改写。
题型攻略:
一、主题题(mainidea/mainly/mainlydiscuss/mainlyconcerned/central/primary)
两种变体:
1.写作目的题型purposeofwriting
2.文章标题题型thebesttitle
做题方法:
1.找主题句
2.找主体词(通常在文章中出现频率较高,往往会在第一段出现,且带有概
括性的词语)
二、细节题类型:
1.对错题2.例证题3.一般细节题
做题方法:
准确定位
三、词汇题
类型:
1.指代题2.词义题
做题方法:
1.根据上下文关系
2.构词法(词根词缀)
st(位置不变):
stay--stand--stationary--street--star--statue--status
pose(放置):
position-expose(ex向外:
exit-export)
propose(pro向前)
suppose(sup/sub在下面:
subway--submarine)
depose(de否定)
deposit(de向下)
interpose(inter:
internet,international)
背单词方法
1.词根词缀2.阅读记忆
3.联想记忆
如:
handsome(其中:
h很,s帅,m嘛→英俊的)
morose(mo没有,rose玫瑰→郁闷的)
ancillary(an+cillary希拉里→辅助的)
四、推理题(infer-imply-suggest-indicate-conclude)
正确答案特点:
文章对应内容的同义改写
五、作者态度题(attitude-beseenas)
做题方法:
1.找作者直接评价语句
2.找表达感情色彩的形容词、动词、副词
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
21.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly_________.
A)foroceanographicstudies
B)formilitarypurposes
C)forbusinessconsiderations
D)forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans
22.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.
A)theAmericanNavy
B)someearlyintercontinentaltravellers
C)thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea
D)thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable
23.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas__________.
A)tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans
B)tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals
C)toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade
D)tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans
24.'Defied'inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________
A)'doubted'B)'gaveproofto'
C)'challenged'D)'agreedto'
25.Thispassageismainlyabout_________
A)thebeginningsofoceanography
B)thelayingofthefirstunderseacable
C)theinvestigationofoceandepths
D)theearlyintercontinentalcommunications
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas'Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthe
sea'.
注:
1.Oceanography由Ocean(海洋)和graphy(学科)组成,意为“海洋学”
2.application表示“申请”用介词for,表示“应用”用介词to
3.第一句给某个东西下定义,称为篇章定义,必为文章主题
Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.
CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctant
(不愿意)togotoseatofurtherhiswork.
注:
1.第二段:
在十九世纪之前,对海洋感兴趣的科学家很少,可以推断本文根据时间
顺序来描述海洋学发展的过程
2.further跟在to后面是个动词,表示“推进”
Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinental
travelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestions
aboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion'Whatisat
thebottomoftheoceans?
'hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthe
layingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknow
thedepthprofile(起伏形状)oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobe
manufactured.
注:
1.remote遥远的
2.andwith...多重复合句
3.intercontinental洲际的(Inter在之间,continent大洲)
4.letalone更不用说……
5.firsttime由不感兴趣转折到感兴趣,谓语是was
6.第二句that引导同位语从句,when引导表语从句,整句意思为“当有人基于商
业目的建议在美国和欧洲之间铺设电报电缆的时候,人们才提出问题:
海底是什么?
”
7.route路线
router路由器
ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,for
informationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyages
duringwhichsoundings(测深)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticand
PacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThe
PhysicalGeographyoftheSea.
注:
1.itwas...that...强调句型
2.turntosb.forsth.向某人请教某事
3.出现问题中划线词:
Maury,1840s
3.investigate调查,测量
Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Atthe
earlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredin
livinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthatthere
wasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.
注:
1.notuntil引导的句子要倒装
2.livinggrowth生物
3.afact作同位语
4.contemporary当代的
5.defy前后意思相反,可以推出24题答案为C
24.'Defied'inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________
A)'doubted'B)'gaveproofto'
C)'challenged'D)'agreedto'
注:
词汇题。
定位倒数第二段
Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientific
expedition(考察),whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthe
sea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,
thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.
注:
oceanography最末一段与第一段首句都出现oceanagraphy,回环结构。
21.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly_________.
A)foroceanographicstudies
B)formilitarypurposes
C)forbusinessconsiderations
D)forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans
注:
推理题。
定位第三段,倒数第三行。
选项D的内容出现在第四段,为窜段选项
Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinental
travelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestions
aboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion'Whatisat
thebottomoftheoceans?
'hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthe
layingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknow
thedepthprofile(起伏形状)oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobe
manufactured.
22.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.
A)theAmericanNavy
B)someearlyintercontinentaltravellers
C)thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea
D)thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable
注:
细节题。
定位第四段,选项B和C是窜段选项
ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,for
informationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyages
duringwhichsoundings(测深)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticand
PacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThe
PhysicalGeographyoftheSea.
23.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas__________.
A)tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans
B)tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals
C)toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade
D)tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans
注:
1.细节题。
定位第四段,第二行。
2.B和C是窜段选项,A选项中的sound和文章中的sounding含义不同。
ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,for
informationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyages
duringwhichsoundings(测深)weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticand
PacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThe
PhysicalGeographyoftheSea.
24.'Defied'inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________
A)'doubted'B)'gaveproofto'
C)'challenged'D)'agreedto'
注:
词汇题。
定位倒数第二段,defy前后意思相反,可以推出24题答案为C
25.Thispassageismainlyabout_________
A)thebeginningsofoceanography
B)thelayingofthefirstunderseacable
C)theinvestigationofoceandepths
D)theearlyintercontinentalcommunications
注:
主题题。
主题关键词为oceanography
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
1.Whattheauthordiscussedintheprevioussectionismostprobablyabout____.
A)relationshipsbetweencausesandresults
B)classificationofreasoning
C)someothercommontypesofreasoning
D)somespecialtypeofreasoning
2.Accordingtothepassage,todothe"effecttoeffect"reasoningistoreason____.
A)fromcausetoeffect
B)fromeffecttocause
C)fromeffecttoeffectandontocause
D)fromeffecttocauseandontoanothereffect
3.Anecessarycauseis____.
A)onewithoutwhichitisimpossiblefortheeffecttooccur
B)oneofthecausesthatcanproducetheeffect
C)onethatisenoughtomaketheeffectoccur
D)noneofthem
4.Yourrefrigeratorisnotworkingandyouhavefoundthattheelectricpowerhasbeencut
off.
Thepowerfailureisa____.
A)necessarycauseB)sufficientcause
C)contributorycauseD)noneofthem
5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses____.
A)causalreasoningB)classificationofcause
C)varioustypesofreasoningD)thecausalprocess
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Anothercommontypeofreasoningisthesearchforcausesandresults.Wewantto
knowwhethercigarettesreallydocauselungcancer,whatcausemalnutrition(营养不
良),thedecayofcities,orthedecayofteeth.Weareequallyinterestedineffects:
whatis
theeffectofsulphurorleadintheatmosphere,ofoilspillsandrawsewage(污水、污物)
inriversandthesea,ofstayinguplateonthenightbeforean
examination?
注:
1.reasoning推理
2.第一句Another...下结论,是主题句
3.第二、三句Wewantto...anexamination?
是举例,可以略读
4.malnutrition中“mal”是表示“不好”的前缀;overnutrition营养过剩
Causalreasoningmaygofromcausetoeffectorfromeffecttocause.Eitherway,we
reason
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