完整版情态动词的用法和练习题.docx
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完整版情态动词的用法和练习题.docx
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完整版情态动词的用法和练习题
情态动词的用法和练习
1、can和could(could为can的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示能力,如:
HecanspeakEnglishbetterthanyou.
(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:
Canthisgreen
bikebeLiuDong's?
(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:
Youcan(may)gohomenow.
(4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:
Couldyoucomeagaintomorrow?
(5)can和beableto都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。
但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而beableto则有更多的形式,如:
Hewillbeabletodotheworkbetter.
2、may和might(might为may的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:
Youmayusemydictionary.在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或maynot,以
避免语气生硬或不容气。
而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。
如:
MayIusethisdictionary?
Yes,please.或Certainly.在请求对方许可时,如果MightI⋯?
就比用MayI⋯?
语气更婉转些,如:
MayIhavealookatyournewcomputer?
但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用mustnot代替maynot,如:
Mayweswiminthislake?
No,you
mustn't.It'stoodangerous.
(2)may或might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:
Theymay(might)beinthelibrarynow.
3、must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式mustnot,缩写形式为mustn't,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意,如:
Wemuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.Youmustn'ttouchthefire.
(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用needn't或用don't(doesn't)haveto(不必)来回答,而不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,如:
Mustwefinishtheworktomorrow?
No,youneedn't(don'thaveto),butyoumustfinishitinthreedays.(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:
Whosenewbikecanitbe?
ItmustbeLiuDong's.Iknowhisfatherhasjust
boughthimanewone.
4、can,could,may,must后接完成式的用法
(1)can,could后接完成式的用法:
①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,Couldhehavesaidso?
②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。
如:
Whendidyouanswer
herletter?
Onlyyesterday.It'stoolate.Youcouldhaveanswereditearlier,Iamsure.
(2)may,might后接完成式的用法①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。
如果使用might,语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定,如:
MarymighthavelearnedsomeChinesebefore.②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气,如:
Youdidn'tdotheworkwellthatday.Youmighthavedoneitbetter.
(3)must后接完成式的用法:
表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到了,
如:
LiuDongisn'tintheclassroom.Hemusthavegonetothelibrary.
5、haveto的基本用法:
haveto和must的意义相近,只是must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而haveto则表示客观需要,如:
Imuststudyhard.Ihadtogiveitupbecauseofillness.
6、oughtto的基本用法
(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强,例如:
Everyoneoughttoobeythetrafficregulations.
(2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:
Hemustbehomebynow.断(定他已到家),Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定),Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比较直率),Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比较含蓄);
(3)“ought+have+过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
例如:
Yououghttohavehelpedhim.(butyoudidn't)这时,ought与should可以互相换用。
注意,在美国英语中oughtto用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。
例如:
Oughtyousmokesomuch?
Yououghtn'tsmokesomuch.
7、dare的基本用法
(l)dare(dared为其过去式)作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如:
Daredhebreakthetrafficregulationsagain?
(2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:
Shedarestostayathomealoneatnight.
8、need的基本用法
(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:
Heneedn'tworryaboutusnow.
(2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式为其宾语。
如:
Youneedtopractisereadingaloudevery
day.(3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:
Didyou
answertheletteryesterday?
Yes,Idid.Butyouneed'nthaveansweredit.
9、shall的基本用法
(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:
Heshallgofirst,whetherhewantstoornot.
(2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示,如:
ShallIopenthedoor?
10、should的基本用法
(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:
Youshouldlearnfromeachother.
(2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。
如:
Youshouldhavegivehimmorehelp.
11、will的基本用法
(1)用于各人称,可以表示“意志”或“决心”,如:
Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten.
(2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,如:
WillyoupleasetellmehowtogettotheCapitalGymnasium?
(3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意,如:
Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.
12、would的基本用法
(1)would作为will的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”,如:
Hepromisedhewouldneversmokeagain.
(2)在疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时,比用will的气更加婉转,如:
Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?
(3)在日常生活中,学用“Iwouldliketo⋯”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使语气婉转,如:
IwouldliketodoEx.2first.
(4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作,比usedto正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
如:
LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldsometimestellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass./Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek.
(5)表料想或猜想,如:
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome./Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
/Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouaboutit.
13、usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather的用法
(1)usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变,例如:
Hetoldusheusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasyoung.在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式。
疑问句:
Didyouuseto/Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?
否定句:
Iusedn'tto/didn'tusetogothere.(usedn't也可写作usen't);否定疑问句:
Usen'tyouto/Didn'tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre?
强调句:
Icertainlyusedto/didusetosmoke,butitwasalongtimeago;.其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式:
Sheusedtobeveryfat.didn'tshe?
/use(d)n'tshe?
Didyouusetoplaychess?
Yes,Idid./Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?
Yes,Idid./usedto.
(2)hadbetter意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式,例如:
Wehadbettergonow.
Yes,wehad(we'dbetter/wehadbetter)./Hadn'twebetterstopnow?
(Hadwebetternotstopnow?
)/IthinkI'dbetterbegoing.(用于进行时态,表“最好立即”)/Youhadbetterhavedonethat(用于完成时态,表未完成动作)注:
hadbetter用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不可用。
(3)wouldrather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式,例如:
I'drathernotsayanything./Wouldyouratherworkonafarm?
/Wouldn'tyouratherstayhere?
No,Iwouldnot.I'drathergothere.由于wouldrather表选择,因而后可接than,例如:
Iwouldratherworkonafarmthaninafactory./IwouldratherwatchTVthangotoseethefilm/Iwouldratherloseadozencherrytreesthanthatyoushouldtellmeonelie./I'dratheryoudidn'ttalkaboutthistoanyone.(句中的'drather不是情态动词,would在此是表愿望的实义动词)
情态动词练习
1.Iftheytodothiswork,hemightdoitsomeotherway.
A.wereB.shouldC.willD.can
2.IwastoldyesterdaythatthecompanymetoRomenextweekfora
businessconference.
A.shouldhavesentB.weregoingtosend
C.shouldbesendingD.shouldsend
3.Let'stakeawalk,?
A.willweB.don'tweC.doweD.shallwe
4.Hewasagoodswimmersoheswimtotheriverbankwhentheboatsank.
A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.wasableto
5.Iwenttothedoctor'syesterday,Ihadtowaitforhalfanhourbeforehesee
me.
A.canB.mayC.mightD.could
6.thisbookbeyours?
No,itnotbemine.Itbehis.
A.Can,must,mayB.May,might,mustC.Can,may,mustD.Must,can,may
7."Wedidn'tseehimatthelectureyesterday."
"Heit."
A.mustn'tattendB.can'thaveattended
C.wouldhavenotattendedD.neededhaveattended
8.Theytheplane,orperhapstheyhavebeenpreventedfromcomingfor
somereason.
A.canhavemissedB.mayhavemissedC.canhavelostD.mayhavelost
9.Sincethegroundiswhite,itlastnight.
A.hadsnowedB.musthavesnowed
C.mustbesnowingD.musthavebeensnowing
10.Youmustbefifty,?
A.mustn'tyouB.needn'tyouC.aren'tyouD.mayn'tyou
11.Youmusthaveseenhimoffyesterday,?
A.haven'tyouB.didn'tyouC.mustn'tyouD.needn'tyou
12.Thatmustbeamistake.
No.itbe.
A.can'tB.isn'tabletoC.canD.wasableto
13.Hehadknownthematterbeforeyoutoldhim,soyouhavetoldittohim.
A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't
14.Howso?
A.dareyoutosayB.dareyousayC.doyoudaresayD.daretosay
15.Youaretheirteacher.Youcareofthem.
A.shouldtotakeB.mighttotake
C.oughttotakeD.needtotake
16.Sheisstudyingmedicalsciencenowbutshealawyer.
A.usedtobe
B.wouldbe
C.wereD.hadbeen
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
IfyouwereinanEnglish-speakingcountry,you,too,Englisheveryday.
A.willbeusedtospeakB.willbeusedtospeaking
C.mustbeusedtospeakD.wouldbeusedtospeaking
Ididnotcalltomakemyairlinereservation(预订)butI.
A.shouldhaveB,mayhaveC.musthaveD.shallhave
Asagirl,shegetupatsixeveryday.
A.wouldB.willC.mightD.should
Don'tyourememberthatwetothecinematonight?
D.willbegone
D.shouldn't
A.wouldgoB.goC.aregoing
ShallItellJohnaboutit?
No,you.I'vetoldhimalready.
A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn't
"WouldyoumindifIopenthewindow?
"
A.Idon'tlikeitB.Yes.pleaseC.No,please
"Wouldyoutellmesomethingabouttheaffair?
"
A.Yes.pleaseB.AllrightC.NotatallYoutelephoneorspeakloudlyinpublic!
A.can'tB.shan'tC.won't
"Yououghttohavecomeheretenminutesago?
""Yes,I."
A.oughttoB.oughttohaveC.ought
"Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?
"
"Yes,."
A.I'dliketoB.I'dlikeC.I'llliketo
yousucceed!
A.CanB.MayC.Must
Didheneedthen?
B.toleaveC.leaving
D.No.I'msorry
D.Ido
D.mightn't
D.haveoughtto
D.Iwould
D.Will
A.leave
D.left
29.Doyouthinkifhedaresinpublic.
A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.spoken
30.HeeatingAmericanfoodsincehecamehere.
A.usedtoB.hasbeenusedC.hasbeenusedtoD.wasusedto
31.Acomputerthinkforitself;itbetoldwhattodo.
A.maynot,mustB.mustn't,mightC.shouldn't,couldD.can't,must
32."youmindmyopeningthewindow?
"
"Notatall."
A.ShallB.ShouldC.WillD.Would
33.Ididn'thearthephone.Iasleep.
A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldhavebeenD.couldhavebeen
34.Youmeaboutitearlier,butyoudidn't.
A.shouldhavetoldB.wouldhavetoldC.musthavetoldD.shouldtell
35.Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheykeepsilentinclassallthetime.
A.oughttonotB.oughtnottoC.oughtnottohaveD.can't
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