国际商法英语课堂EXAMPLE 答案.docx
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国际商法英语课堂EXAMPLE 答案.docx
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国际商法英语课堂EXAMPLE答案
1.JackofferstopaySimone$10ifshewalksacrosstheGoldenGateBridge.If,withoutsayingaword,Simonewalksacrossthebridge,dosheandJackhaveacontract?
{Yes.Theyhaveaunilateralcontract,whichcanbeacceptedonlybyperformance.}{IfSimonetellsJacknoandturnsandwalksaway,arethereanylegalconsequences?
No.Aunilateralcontractis“promiseforanact.”Withouttheact,thereisnocontractandthusnoconsequencesfornotacting.}Ifnoonesaysanythingmore,butBarryratherthanSimonestartstowalkacross,doJackandBarryhaveacontract?
No.Onlyifthepersontowhomtheofferismadewalkscompletelyacrossthebridgeistheofferaccepted.
2.MaiofferstobuyHarry’ssailboat,mooredinSanFrancisco,upondeliveryoftheboattoMai’sdockinNewportBeach,300milessouthofSanFrancisco.Harryrigstheboatandsetssail.ShortlybeforehisarrivalatNewportBeach,HarryreceivesaradiomessagefromMaiwithdrawingheroffer.DoesMai’smessageterminatetheoffer,orbecauseHarryhasbegunperforming,istheofferirrevocable?
Mai’sofferispartofaunilateralcontract,andonlyHarry’sdeliverofthesailboatatherdockisanacceptance.Ordinarily,herrevocationwouldterminatetheoffer,butbecauseperformance—sailingalmost300miles—hadbeensubstantiallycompletedbyHarry,herofferisirrevocable.HarrycandelivertheboatandbindMaitothecontract.
3.Supposeyouneedataxconsultantoranaccountanttofilloutyourtaxreturnthisyear.YoulookthroughtheYellowPagesandfindbothanaccountantandataxconsultantatanofficeinyourneighborhood,soyoudropbytoseethem.Yougointotheofficeandexplainyourproblem,andtheytellyouwhattheirfeesare.Thenextdayyoureturn,givingthesecretaryallthenecessaryinformationanddocuments,suchascanceledchecks,W-2forms,andsoon.Yousaynothingexpresslytothesecretary.Rather,youwalkoutthedoor.Haveyouenteredintoanimplied-in-factcontracttopaythetaxconsultantandaccountanttheusualandreasonablefeesfortheirservices?
Yes.Thecontractisimpliedbyyourconductandbytheirconduct.Theyexpecttobepaidforcompletingyoutaxreturn.Bybringingintherecordstheywillneedtodothework,youhaveimpliedanintenttopaythem.
4.LarrissaentersintoacontractwithPavel,agreeingtoworkforPavelforoneyear.Attheendoftheyear,Larrissaistobepaid$18,000.Larrissaworksfortenmonthsandthenleavesvoluntarily,withoutcause.Pavelrefusestopayherforthetenmonthssheworked,soLarrissasuesinquasicontractforthevalueofservicesrendered.WillthecourtallowLarrissatorecoverhersalaryforthetenmonthsworked?
Verylikely,yes—minusanydamagescausedtoPavelbyherearlydeparture.
6.AssumeyouagreetobuytentonsofcoalformtheWesternCoalCompany.Westerndeliversthecoaltoyoursteelmill,whereitisnowbeingburned.Youhavenotyetpaidforthecoal.Isthecontractexecuted,executory,orboth?
Atthispoint,thecontractisexecutedonthepartofWesternandexecutoryonyourpart.Afteryoupay,thecontractwillbeexecutedonbothsides.
7.Youandthreeco-workersridetoworkeachdayinJulio’sautomobile,whichhasamarketvalueof$8,000.Onecoldmorningthefourofyougetintothecar,butJuliocannotgetitstarted.Heyellsinanger,“I’llsellthiscartoanyonefor$500!
”Youdrop$500inhislap.Isthecaryours?
Wouldareasonablepersonconcludethatthiswasaseriousoffer?
No.Areasonableperson,takingintoconsiderationJulio’sfrustrationandtheobviousdifferenceinvaluebetweenthecar’smarketpriceandthepurchaseprice,wouldconcludethatisofferwasnotmadewithseriousandobjectiveintent.Thus,evenifyoudropped$500inJulio’slapatthemomentofthisangry“offer,”youwouldnothaveanagreement.
8.HawkinstookhissontoMcGee,adoctor,andaskedMcGeetooperateontheson’shand,whichhadbeenscarredinanaccident.McGeesaidtheboywouldbeinthehospitalthreeorfourdaysandthatthehandwouldprobablyhealwithinafewdays.Thehandbecameinfected,andthesonwashospitalizedforthreemonths.Didthefatherwinasuitforbreachofcontract?
No.ThecourtheldthatMcGeedidnotmakeanoffertohealtheson’shandinthreeorfourdays.Hemerelyexpressedanopinionastowhenthehandwouldheal.
9.Tartop&Companyadvertisesausedpavingmachine.Theadismailedtohundredsoffilmsandreads,“UsedCaseConstructionCo.pavingmachine.Buildscurbsandfinishescementworkallinoneprocess.Price$11,250.”IfGeneralPaving,Inc,callsTartopandsays.”Weacceptyouroffer,”isanenforceablecontractformed?
No.AreasonablepersonwouldconcludethatTartopwasnotpromisingtosellthepavingmachine,butratherwasinvitingbuyerstooffertobuyatthatprice.Asellerneverhasunlimitedsupplyofgoods.Ifadvertisementswereoffers.Theneveryonewho“accepted”aftertheretailer’ssupplywasexhaustedcouldsueforbreachofcontract.
10.GrowgoodFarmsmailedalettertoBell’sSoupCompanyofferingtosellcarrotsattencentsapound.WhatareBell’sSoupCompany’soptionsatthatpoint?
Bell’scouldrejecttheofferbywritingortelephoningGrowgoodFarmsandexpresslyrejectingtheother,orbymailingtheofferbacktoGrowgood,evidencinganintenttorejectit.OrBell’scouldoffertobuythecarrotsateightcentsperpound(acounteroffer),necessarilyrejectingtheoriginaloffer.
11.Antoniosaystohisson,“Whenyoufinishpaintingthegarage,Iwillpayyou$100.”Antonio’ssonpaintsthegarage.TheactofpaintingthegarageistheconsiderationthatcreatesthecontractualobligationofAntoniotopayhisson$100.If,instead,Antoniohadsaidtohisson,“Inconsiderationofthefactthatyouarenotaswealthyasyourbrothers,Iwillpayyour$500,”wouldthispromisehavebeenenforceable?
No.Antonio’ssonwouldnothavegivenanyconsiderationforit.Antoniowouldhavesimplystatedhismotiveforgivinghisson$500.Usingthewordconsiderationdoesnot,alone,makeitconsideration.
12.Inthe1850swhentheageofmajoritywasconsiderablyyoungerthantwenty-one,WilliamStory,Sr.,promisedhisfifteen-year-oldnephew,WilliamStoryII,thatifthenephewrefrainedfromalcohol.tobacco,andgamblinguntiltheageoftwenty-one,hewouldpayhim$5,000.Thenephewagreed.Followinghistwenty-firstbirthday.Thenephewwrotetohisunclethathehadperformedhispartofthebargainandwasthusentitledtothe$5,000.Theyagreedthattheunclewouldinvestthemoneyforthenephew.Fouryearslater,whentheuncledied,theexecutoroftheuncle’sestaterefusedtopaythenephew,contendingthatthecontractwasinvalid.Theexecutorarguedthattherewasnoconsideration,andthereforenocontract,becausetheunclehadreceivednothing,andthenephewhadactuallybenefitedbyfulfillingtheuncle’swishes.Didtheuncleandnephewhaveanenforceablecontract?
Yes.Themoneybelongedtothenephew.Beforetheuncle’sintervention,thenephewhadusedtobaccoandhadoccasionallydrunkliquor.Onthestrengthoftheuncle’spromise,thenephewdroppedhisbadhabits.Thiswastheconsiderationthatmadethecontract—onthefaithoftheagreement,thenephewrefrainedfromdoingsomethingthathewasotherwiseentitledtodo.
13.Bauman-Bache,Inc. begins constructiononaseven-storyofficebuildingandafterthreemonthsdemandsanextra$75,000onitscontract.Iftheextra$75,000isnotpaid,itwillstopworking.Theowneroftheland,havingnooneelsetocompleteconstruction,agreestopaytheextra$75,000.Iftheownerlaterrefusestopaytheextramoney,couldBauman-Bachesuccessfullysuetoenforcetheagreement?
No.Theagreementisnotenforceablebecauseitisnotsupportedbylegallysufficientconsideration;Bauman-Bachewasunderapreexistingcontracttocompletethebuilding.
14.Ellen,anurse,spentmanyyearslivingwith,andlookingafter,herparents.Shortlyafterherparentsdied,herbrothertoldher,inthepresenceofseveralotherpeople,thathewassogratefultoherforthecareshegavetheirparentsthathewouldtakecareofherfortherestofherlife.Whenherbrotherfailstokeephispromise,Ellenbringsanactiontohavethepromiseenforced.Willthecourtholdthatacontractexists?
No,becauseEllenhadalreadyprovidedtheservicestoherparentsbeforeherbrothermadehispromise.Therefore,Ellen’sconsiderationforherbrother’spromisewasnotapromisetodosomethinginthefuturebutsomethingshehaddoneinthepast.Pastconsiderationisnoconsideration.Ellencouldnotenforcethecontract,therefore,becausenocontractexisted.
15.SupposethatyouareinvolvedinanautomobileaccidentcausedbyRaoul’snegligence.Raoulofferstogiveyou$1,000ifyouwillreleasehimfromfurtherliabilityresultingfromtheaccident.Youbelievethatthisamountwillcoveryourdamages,soyouagreetotherelease.Lateryoudiscoverthatitwillcost$1,200torepairyoucar.CanyoucollectthebalancefromRaoul?
Theanswerisnormallyno;youarelimitedtothe$1,000intherelease.Why?
Becauseavalidcontractexisted.YouandRaoulbothassentedtothebargain(hence,agreementexisted),andsufficientconsiderationwaspresent.Theconsiderationwasthelegaldetrimentyousuffered(byreleasingRaoulfromliability,youforfeitedyourrighttosuetorecoverdamages,shouldtheybemorethan$1,000).
16.Youruncletellsyou,“I’llpayyou$150aweeksoyouwon’thavetoworkanymore.”Youquityourjob,butyourunclerefusestopayyou.Wouldacourtenforceyouruncle’spromise?
Possiblyyes,underthedoctrineofpromisso
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