名词专项.docx
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名词专项.docx
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名词专项
名词专项
中考英语名词专项
名词n.
一、名词的分类
1.
集体名词:
若视为整体时,表示单数含义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。
专有名词:
指人名、地名、机构等特定名词(首字母大写),如Lucy,Beijing等
2.普通名词:
指一类人或东西,或是一个抽象的概念的名称,可从四方面掌握:
个体名词:
worker,book,pen
可数名词
集体名词:
family,team,class,school等
物质名词:
money,water,milk,orange,coffee,tea,juice,bread,beef,pock,chicken,
不可数名词pizza,fish,rice,icecream等等
抽象名词:
life生活,wealth价值,love,time,advice,paper,air空气,experience经验,news,
work,information等等
注意:
advice,paper,experience经验,news的用法
二、可数名词的复数形式
一)可数名词的复数形式的规则变化
1.一般情况,加-sbooks,girls
2.x,s,ch,sh结尾,加-esboxes,churches教堂,dishes菜,dresses裙子
3.以辅音+y的,把y改为i,再加-escities,families,
4.以f/fe结尾的,把f/fe改为v,再加-esknife--knives刀子leaf--leaves叶子
5.以o结尾的,多数加-es,hero--heroes英雄potato--potatoes土豆tomato--tomatoes西红柿
词末为两个元音的词以及某zoo--zoos,radio--radios收音机photo--photos照片piano--pianos钢琴
些外来词只加-s
二)可数名词的复数形式的不规则变化
1)foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese鹅
2)man--men,woman--women
3)child--children
4)mouse--mice老鼠,
5)ox-oxen,公牛
单复同形时,请注意谓语
形单意复时,谓语用复数
6)stomach-stomachs胃
7)单复数同形:
Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,deer鹿
8)形式为单数但是意义为复数的名词:
people,police
这些词前面一般用apairof...修饰
9)只以复数形式出现的词:
glasses眼镜,trousers裤子,gloves手套,
socks袜子,shoes鞋子,chopsticks筷子
3)man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的名词的单复数而定:
twomenworkers两名男工人somewomenteachers几位女老师
3、不可数名词的量的表示方法
1)用apieceof...,apairof...(数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词)
注意:
复数形式体现在量词上
apieceofpaper一张纸apieceofbread一片面包
twopiecesofpaper两张纸
some,any,lotsof=alotof后也可接可数名词复数
2)用much,some,any,lotsof=alotof..,alittle,little等表示多少
四、名词所有格(表示人或物的所有和所属关系)“...的...”
1)名词-’sastudent’sclassroom---students’classroom
2)AofB当名词(A)前有限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词)时,用of:
amapofChina
3)当两个名词并列的时候,表示“分别所有”时,前后都加’s,谓语用复数
Tom’sandJim’sfathers
表示“共同所有”时,只在最后一个名词后加’s,谓语用单数
TomandJim’sfather
4)atone’s表示某人的家atTom’s
5)在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格时用’s或’。
5minutes’walk5分钟的路程
tenmiles’journey10英里的旅程
tendollars’worth10美元的价值
twopounds’weight2英镑的重量
五、名词的相关构词法
1)-erplayer,reporter,teacher,worker,driver,singer,writer,waiter,farmer,seller,dancer,listener,speaker,presenter,
2)-orvisitor,actor,director,conductor,sailor,inventor,
3)-istscientist,artist,dentist
4)-ianmusician
5)-tionpopulation,question
六、国名转国人
国名国人(单)国人(复)
ChinaChineseChinese
以man结尾的人,如果是复合词,则把man改变为men,如Englishman--Englishmen;如果man本身是单词的一部分,则复数直接加-s,如German-Germans
AmericaAmericanAmericans
EnglandEnglish/EnglishmanEnglishes/Englishmen
CanadaCanadianCanadians
FranceFrenchFrenches
GermanyGermanGermans
ItalyItalianItalians
AustraliaAustralianAustralians
AsiaAsianAsians
EuropeEuropeanEuropeans
表示国人时,前面不加冠词SheisChinese.当后面有名词时,才需要加冠词SheisaChinesegirl.
BritainBritishBritish
AustriaAustrianAustrians
EgyptEgyptianEgyptians
IndiaIndianIndians
JapanJapaneseJapanese
RussiaRussianRussians
SpainSpaishSpaish
名词专项练习
满分:
100分姓名:
得分:
名词基础知识再现
一、写出下列名词的复数形式:
monthzerokilophotopiano
plantmemberfridgeGermanboy
toyorangechairclassbench
glassbrushboxpencil-boxwish
inchfishwatchtomatopotato
knifehalfhousewifeleafshelf
wolfthieffactorydictionarybutterfly
cityfamilycountrybabypoliceman
policewomanmanwomanfoottooth
womandoctorchildmousegoose
Chinesefishsheepdeer
二、用所给词的适当形式填空:
1.Therearesome(potato)inthebox.
2.Look!
Therearealotof(leaf)ontheground.
3.
Some(policeman)arestandingthere.
4.Hehasthree(boy).
5.
Thereareafew(people)intheroom.
6.Iwouldlikethree(glass)of(milk).
7.
Ithasfour(foot).
8.Therearetwo(baby)inthecradle.
9.
These(watch)and(clock)aremadeinthis(city).
10.Jack'sfatherboughtapairofnew(shoe)forhimlastSunday.
11.Thetwo(womandoctor)aremy(girlfriend)
12.
Pleasepassmetwopiecesof(paper).
13.Tellmeiftherearetwoboxesof(pen)init.
14.
These(glass)aremadeof(glass).
15.Howmany(time)haveyoubeentoParis?
16.Tomorrowtwo(Australian)andthree(Frenchman)willvisitthevillage.
17.Thereissomethingwrongwithoneoftheelephant's(foot).
18.
Mycousinwassohappybecausehemadefew(mistake)inhismathstest.
19.ThemaniswaitingforTom'sandMay’s(teacher).
20.Theoldhouseissodirtyandtherearealotof(mouse)here.
五、选择填空:
1.Therearetwelveinayear.
A.monthB.monthesC.months
2.Threearestandingoverthere.
A.policeB.policemanC.policemen
3.Thesoldiersgavetheirtothecountryinthewar(战争).
A.livesB.lifesC.life
4.Look!
Hereisyour.
A.skirtB.shirtsC.skirts
5.HalfoftheweretakeninEngland.
A.photoesB.photosC.photo
6.Ihavetoday.
A.headacheB.aheadacheC.headaches
7.I’minterestedinoneofthese.
A.storyB.storiesC.storys
8.MyunclewatchedafewTVlastweek.
A.playB.plaiesC.plays
9.Shehadthreeforlunch.
A.bottlesoforangejuicesB.bottleoforangejuice
C.bottlesoforangejuice
10.Therearetwoontheplate.
A.piecesofmeatB.pieceofmeatC.piecesofmeats
11.Motherboughtapairofformelastweek.
A.shoeB.glassesC.glass
12.SeveralwillvisitourschoolnextMonday.
A.JapanesesB.AmericansC.Englishman
13.Canyougiveusanytodo?
A.worksB.workerC.work
14.It’saboutanwalkfromheretomyhome.
A.hoursB.hours’C.hour’s
15.aresittingatthebreakfasttable.
A.ThefamilyB.FamilyC.Families
16.turnyellowinautumn.
A.LeavesB.LeafsC.leaf
17.Inafewtimewehopetocoverthosemountains.
A.yearsB.year’sC.years’
18.Twentyyounginourvillagejoinedthearmylastyear.
A.peoplesB.people’sC.people
19.areahardworkingpeople.
A.ChineseB.TheChinesesC.TheChinese
20.Jacktookawaymypencil-boxby.
A.amistakeB.mistakeC.mistakes
21.Motherdoesinmyfamily.
A.muchhouseworkB.muchhomeworkC.manyhouseworks
22.Pleasemakefortheoldman.
A.aroomB.roomC.theroom
23.I’llgiveyoutofinishthework.
A.twoday’stimeB.twodaystimeC.twodays’time
24.Wewalkwithour.
A.footsB.footC.feet
25.Sheoftengoestothefactory,notbybus.
A.byfootB.onfootC.byherfoot
26.Howmanycanyouseeinthepicture?
A.monkeyB.monkeysC.monkeies
27.“Whatisshe?
”“Sheis.”
A.LilyB.hersisterC.agirlstudent
28.Thesunrisesintheandgoesdowninthe.
A.west,eastB.ease,northC.east,west
29.HalfofthetelephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.
A.worldsB.worldC.world’s
30.Weusuallyhavefourinthemorning.
A.classB.class’sC.classes
31.Theofthetablearetooshort.
A.legB.legsC.leggs
32.Thatshopsellsclothes.
A.themen’sB.men’sC.man’s
33.“Whoseroomisthat?
”“It’s.”
A.myB.mybrother’sC.mybrothers
34.Howmanydoyouhave?
A.toothsB.teethC.toothes
35.Heisaboy.
A.six-year-oldB.six-years-oldC.sixyearsold
36.We'vemissedthelastbus.I'mafraidwehavenobuttotakeataxi.
A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection
37.Here'smynumber.Let'skeepin.
A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship
38.Davidgainedhisbyprintingoffamouswriters.
A.wealth;workB.wealths;works
C.wealths;workD.wealth;works
39.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof.
A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material
40.Everydaywegetinthenewspaper,ontheradioandonTVtoo.
A.manyinformationsB.allkindsofinformation
C.informationsD.aninformation
41.Pleasegivemytoyourmother.
A.regardsB.wishC.loveD.hope
42.Itwassocrowdedintheroomthattherewasforme.
A.noroomB.noroomsC.someroomD.nospaces
43.Idon'tlikethesegloves.Pleaseshowmeanother.
A.oneB.pairC.coupleD.piece
44.Thestudentoflivesinthecountry.
A.mybrotherB.mybrothers’C.mybrother’sD.mybrothers
45.Howmanyarethereinthecountry?
A.zooesB.zooC.zoosD.zoo’s
46.Mysisterboughttwoforme.
A.radioesB.radiossC.radioD.radios
47.YesterdaySmithboughtsomeinthemarket.
A.tomatoB.vegetablesC.tomatosD.potatos
48.Thedoctorgavetheyounggirlonhowtokeepherhealth.
A.apieceofadviceB.someadvicesC.anadviceD.fewpiecesofadvices
49.Peopleinthatcityhadvariouskindsofalltheyearround.
A.muchamusementB.amusementsC.amusementD.alotofamusement
50.Doesshehaveinunderstandingthenovel?
A.somedifficultiesB.somedifficultiesC.anydifficultiesD.anydifficulty
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