CD12V.docx
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CD12V.docx
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CD12V
T-4-Q1天山-7-41
Scientistshavedatedsharp-edgedflakesofstonefoundinthefine-grainedsedimentsofadryriverbedintheAfarregionofEthiopiatobetween2.52and2.60millionyearsago,pushingbackbymorethan150,000yearstheearliestdatewhenitisknownthathumansmadestonetools.
A.whenitisknownthathumansmade
B.atwhichitisknownthathumanshadmade
C.atwhichhumansareknowntohavemade
D.thathumansareknowntobemaking
E.ofhumanswhowereknowntomake
Answer:
T-4-Q2
Twentyyearsago,Balzaniaputinplaceregulationsrequiringoperatorsofsurfaceminestopayforthereclamationofmined-outland.Sincethen,reclamationtechnologyhasnotimproved.Yet,theaveragereclamationcostforasurfacecoalminebeingreclaimedtodayisonlyfourdollarspertonofcoalthatthemineproduced,lessthanhalfwhatitcosttoreclaimsurfaceminesintheyearsimmediatelyaftertheregulationstookeffect.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoaccountforthedropinreclamationcostsdescribed?
A.EvenafterBalzaniabeganrequiringsurfacemineoperatorstopayreclamationcosts,coalminesinBalzaniacontinuedtobelessexpensivetooperatethancoalminesinalmostanyothercountry.
B.Inthetwentyyearssincetheregulationstookeffect,theuseofcoalasafuelhasdeclinedfromthelevelitwasatintheprevioustwentyyears.
C.MineoperatorshavegenerallyceasedsurfacemininginthemountainousareasofBalzaniabecausereclamationcostspertonofcoalproducedareparticularlyhighforminesinsuchareas.
D.EvenafterBalzaniabeganrequiringsurfacemineoperatorstopayreclamationcosts,surfaceminescontinuedtoproducecoalatalowertotalcostthanundergroundmines.
E.Ascomparedtotwentyyearsago,agreaterpercentageofthecoalminedinBalzaniatodaycomesfromsurfacemines.
Answer:
T-4-Q3
Currently26billionbarrelsayear,worldconsumptionofoilisrisingatarateof2percentannually.
A.worldconsumptionofoilisrisingatarateof
B.theworldisconsumingoilatanincreasingrateof
C.theworld’soilisbeingconsumedattheincreasingrateof
D.theriseintherateoftheworld’soilconsumptionis
E.oilisconsumedbytheworldatanincreasingrateof
Answer:
T-4-Q4
TurningawayfromliteraryrealismtowriteromanticstoriesaboutthepeasantlifeandlandscapeofnorthernSweden,in1909SelmaLagerlofwasthenovelistwhobecamethefirstwomanandwasalsothefirstSwedishwritertowintheNobelPrizeforLiterature.
A.TurningawayfromliteraryrealismtowriteromanticstoriesaboutthepeasantlifeandlandscapeofnorthernSweden,in1909SelmaLagerlofwasthenovelistwhobecamethefirstwomanandwasalsothefirstSwedishwritertowin
B.SheturnedawayfromliteraryrealismandwroteromanticstoriesaboutthepeasantlifeandlandscapeofnorthernSweden,andnovelistSelmaLagerlofin1909becamethefirstwomanaswellasthefirstSwedishwriterthatwon
C.SelmaLagerlofwasanovelistwhoturnedawayfromliteraryrealismtowriteromanticstoriesaboutthepeasantlifeandlandscapeofnorthernSweden,andin1909shebecamethefirstwomaninadditiontothefirstSwedishwriterwinning
D.AnovelistwhoturnedawayfromliteraryrealismtowriteromanticstoriesaboutthepeasantlifeandlandscapeofnorthernSweden,SelmaLagerlofbecamein1909thefirstwomanandalsothefirstSwedishwritertowin
E.Asnovelist,SelmaLagerlofturnedawayfromliteraryrealismandwroteromanticstoriesaboutthepeasantlifeandlandscapeofnorthernSweden,in1909becomingthefirstwomanandalsothefirstSwedishwriterthatwon
Answer:
1.T-4-Q5-Q7恐龙进化成鸟
Althoughmanylinesofevidenceindicate
thatbirdsevolvedfromground-dwelling
theropoddinosaurs,somescientistsremain
unconvinced.Theyarguethattheropods
(5)appearedtoolatetohavegivenrisetobirds,
notingthatArchaeopteryxlithographica–the
oldestknownbird–appearsinthefossil
recordabout150millionyearsago,where
-asthefossilremainsofvariousnonavian
(10)maniraptortheropods–theclosestknown
relativesofbirds–dateonlytoabout115
millionyearsago.Butinvestigatorshave
nowuncoveredbonesthatevidentlybelong
tononavianmaniraptorsdatingtothetimeof
(15)Archaeopteryx.Inanycase,failuretofind
fossilsofapredictedkinddoesnotruleout
theirexistenceinanundiscovereddeposit.
Skepticsalsoarguethatthefusedclavicles
(the“wishbone”)ofbirdsdifferfromthe
(20)unfusedclaviclesoftheropods.This
objectionwasreasonablewhenonlyearly
theropodclavicleshadbeendiscovered,
butfossilizedtheropodclaviclesthatlook
justlikethewishboneofArchaeopteryx
(25)havenowbeenunearthed.Finally,some
scientistsarguethatthecomplexlungsof
birdscouldnothaveevolvedfromtheropod
lungs,anassertionthatcannotbesupported
orfalsifiedatthemoment,becausenofossil
(30)lungsarepreservedinthepaleontological
record.
T-4-Q5mainidea
Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto
A.comparethedevelopmentoftwohypothesesconcerningtheevolutionaryoriginofbirds
B.suggestrevisionstothestandardtheoryoftheevolutionaryhistoryofbirds
C.evaluatetheusefulnessoffossilevidenceindeterminingtheevolutionaryhistoryofbirds
D.challengethetheorythatbirdsevolvedfromground-dwellingtheropoddinosaurs
E.respondtocriticismsofthetheorythatbirdsevolvedfromground-dwellingtheropoddinosaurs
Answer:
T-4-Q6inference-implied
Inthecontextofthepassage,thephrase“fossilsofapredictedkind”(line16)mostlikelyreferstowhichofthefollowing?
A.Theropodfossilswithfusedclavicles
B.TheropodfossilsthataresimilarinstructuretoArchaeopteryxfossils
C.Theropodfossilsdatingbackmorethan150millionyears
D.Fossilsindicatingthestructureoftheropodlungs
E.FossilsindicatingthestructureofArchaeopteryxlungs
Answer:
T-4-Q7inference--implied
Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasanargumentmadebyscientistswhoareunconvincedthatbirdsevolvedfromtheropoddinosaurs?
A.TherearenoknowntheropoddinosaurfossilsdatingfromaperiodafterthetimeofArchaeopteryx.
B.Therearenoknowntheropoddinosaurfossilsthatindicatethestructureofthosedinosaurs’lungs.
C.Theropoddinosaursappearinthefossilrecordabout150millionyearsago.
D.Theropoddinosaursdidnothavefusedclavicles.
E.TheropoddinosaurshadcertainbonesthatlookjustlikethoseofArchaeopteryx.
Answer:
T-4-8~11:
GWD-13-16~19
In1675,LouisXIV
establishedtheParisian
seamstresses’guild,thefirst
Lineindependentall-femaleguild
(5)createdinover200years.
Guildmemberscouldmake
andsellwomen’sandchil-
dren’sclothing,butwere
prohibitedfromproducing
(10)men’sclothingordresses
forcourtwomen.Tailors
resentedtheascensionof
seamstressestoguildstatus;
seamstresses,meanwhile,
(15)wereimpatientwiththe
remainingrestrictionson
theirrighttoclothewomen.
Theconflictbetween
theguildswasnotpurely
(20)economic,however.A1675
policereportindicatedthat
sincesomanyseamstresses
werealreadyworkingillegally,
thetailorswereunlikelyto
(25)sufferadditionaleconomic
damagebecauseofthe
seamstresses’incorporation.
Moreover,guildmembership
heldverydifferentmeanings
(30)fortailorsandseamstresses.
Tothetailors,theirstatusas
guildmembersoverlapped
withtheirroleasheadsof
household,andentitledthem
(35)toemployasseamstresses
femalefamilymemberswho
didnotmarryoutsidethetrade.
Theseamstresses,however,
viewedguildmembershipas
(40)amarkofindependencefrom
thepatriarchalfamily.Their
guildwascomposednotof
familyunitsbutofindividual
womenwhoenjoyedunusual
(45)legalandeconomicprivileges.
Attheconflict’scenterwas
theissueofwhethertailors’
femalerelativesshouldbe
identifiedasfamilymembers
(50)protectedbythetailors’guild
orasindividualsunderthe
jurisdictionoftheseam-
stresses’guild.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
T-4-8:
GWD-13-16:
mainidea
Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto
A.outlineascholarlydebateovertheimpactoftheParisianseamstresses’guild
B.summarizesourcesofconflictbetweenthenewlycreatedParisianseamstresses’guildandthetailors’guild
C.describeopposingviewsconcerningtheoriginsoftheParisianseamstresses’guild
D.exploretheunderlyingreasonsforestablishinganexclusivelyfemaleguildinseventeenth-centuryParis
E.correctamisconceptionaboutchangesinseamstresses’economicstatusthattookplaceinParisinthelateseventeenthcentury
Answer:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
T-4-9:
GWD-13-17:
specific--implied
Accordingtothepassage,onesourceofdissatisfactionforParisianseamstressesaftertheestablishmentoftheseamstresses’guildwasthat
A.seamstresseswerenotallowedtomakeandsellclothingforallwomen
B.tailorscontinuedtohavetheexclusivelegalrighttoclothemen
C.seamstresseswhowererelativesoftailorswerepreventedfrombecomingmembersoftheseamstresses’guild
D.rivalrybetweenindividualseamstressesincreased,thushinderingtheirabilitytocompetewiththetailorsforbusiness
E.seamstresseswerenotallowedtoacceptmaletailorsasmembersoftheguild
Answer:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
T-4-10:
GWD-13-18:
inference--implied
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwastrueofseamstressesemployedbyrelativeswhow
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