SCI论文写作经验简要分析.docx
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SCI论文写作经验简要分析.docx
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SCI论文写作经验简要分析
SCI论文写作经验简要分析
医学论文是对整理和发表医学研究成果的一种特殊文本的总称,就其内容和文体特点而言科分为以下几种:
1.医学科研论文(scientificpapers)
2.调查报告(survey)
3.综述(review)
4.学位论文(theses)
5.医学科研论文(scientificpapers)
医学科研论文定义
国际生物学编辑委员会对医学科研论文的定义为:
必须是首次公布的应提供足够的资料,使同行们能够进行:
①评价所观察到的结果;②评价其推理过程;③重复实验。
分为以下两种:
①临床研究(clinicalstudy);②基础研究或实验研究(experimentalstudy)
医学科研论文的格式
医学科研论文必须具备以下几个部分:
(1)标题(title)
(2)摘要(abstract)
(3)引言(introduction)
(4)材料和方法(materialsandmethods)
(5)结果(results)
(6)讨论(discussion)
(7)致谢(acknowledgement)
(8)参考文献(references)
一、标题
(一)要求
1.简明扼要(shortandconcise)
(1)尽量控制在一行,但不是一个句子
(2)不超过25个单词或120-140个字母
(3)除dna、rna、ct等不用缩写
2.信息丰富(informative)
3.便于索引(indexing)
4.较长标题可采用副标题
(二)标题写作中常用词组和表达方式
1.用…(方法/手段)对…进行研究/分析/观察/评价:
study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment)of(on)…(by)using方法/with工具)
2.a对b的作用
effortofaonb
protectiveeffectofomeprazoleonendothelin-inducedgastricmucosalinjury
3.a与b的关系
correlation(relation/relationship)betweenaandb
correlationofawithbandc
常用修饰词:
positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly
4.用…治疗…
useof…inthetreatmentof…(病)in…(生物)
useofomeprazoleinthetreatmentofgastriculcerintheelderly
5.a是b
aasb
二、著录部分书写
(一)姓名
标准式:
wangluowei,huangyingfeng,guoxiao’an
(二)地址
800xiangyinroad,shanghaiXX33,p.r.china
(三)资助
aprojectfundedbythenational“863”program
三、摘要的分类与格式
摘要是作者要给读者的精华,分两大类:
(一)指示性摘要
(二)资料性摘要
1.非结构式摘要
缺点:
段落不明,给编辑、审稿、阅读和计算机处理带来诸多不便
2.全结构式摘要(8要素摘要)
(1)目的
(2)设计
(3)地点
(4)对象
(5)处理
(6)主要测定项目
(7)结果
(8)结论
全结构式摘要的优点
(1)观点更明确
(2)信息量更大
(3)差错更少
(4)符合计算机数据库建立和使用的要求
全结构式摘要的缺点:
烦琐、重复、篇幅过长
3.半结构式摘要(四要素摘要)
(1)目的(objective/purpose/aim)
(2)方法(methods)
(3)结果(results)
(4)结论(conclusion)
目的:
是作者想要介绍的关键问题
一、目的格式
(一)单表目的
(二)背景+目的
二、目的常用时态
(一)背景:
现在时(一般现在时、完成时和进行时)
(二)目的:
一般现在时/现在完成时,或一般过去时
举例:
(1)toevaluatetheeffectson24-hourintragastricphlevelsofinfusionswithomeprazoleandh2receptorantagonistsinbleedingduodenalulcerpatients.
(2)theroleofomeprazoleintripletherapyandtheimpactofhelicobacterpyloriresistanceontreatmentoutcomearenotestablished.thisstudyinvestigatedtheroleofomeprazoleandinfluenceofprimaryh.pyloriresistanceoneradicationanddevelopmentofsecondaryresistance.
三、介绍目的常用句型
主要用动词不定式to表达
1.直接用todo短语表达
举例:
todetermineifuseofomeprazoleprotectsagainstthegastricmucosalinjury
2.thepurpose/aim/objective/goal(ofpresentstudyis)wasto
举例:
theaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheprotectivefunctionofomeprazoleongastricmucosalinjury
3.thepresentstudyis/wasdesigned/devised/intendedto
举例:
thepresentstudywasdesignedtoestablishwhethertheremightbeageneticpredispositiontoanalteredpatternofanti-inflammatorycytokineproducedinpatientswithirritablebowelsyndrome
4.thisstudywasperformed/conducted/carriedout/undertakento
举例:
anexperimentalstudywasconductedusingacaninemodetoelucidate…
5.weaimed/soughtto/attemptedto
举例:
wesoughttoassesswhetherthereisanincreasedriskoftuberculosisamongindividualswhoworkincertainindustriesoccupations.
四、介绍目的常用动词
1.研究:
study,investigate,examine,observe,explore
举例:
ourobjectiveinthisreportistoexaminetheclinicalfeature,pathologyandtreatmentforpatientswithpancreaticcancer.
2.评价:
evaluate,validate
举例:
toevaluatesonographyasatoolforinitialdiagnosisinemergencyroompatientswithabdominaltrauma.
3.确定:
determine,decide,confirm,support,define,characterize
4.证实:
prove,demonstrate,document,test,support,testify,verify
5.阐明、搞清:
explain,elucidate,clarify,illustrate,delineate,findout,contributetotheknowledgeof
6.介绍:
describe,present,report
7.建立:
establish,develop,setout
8.寻找:
searchfor,lookfor,seek,find
9.识别、区分:
identify,differentiate,discriminate
10.优选:
optimize
11.比较:
compare
12.回顾:
review
13.相关:
correlateawithb
方法部分
(1)研究设计
(2)研究对象的特性
(3)干预或处理方法
(4)测定或观察方法
一、研究对象的选择、来源及标准
1.纳入研究:
wereenteredinto/enrolledin/selected(randomly)
举例:
atotalof169patientswereincludedinthestudy,83ofwhomreceived……
2.排除或退出研究:
wereexcludedfromparticipation,withdrewfromthestudydueto/becauseto
举例:
……patientswithsignificantaorticvalvulardiseaseswereexcluded.
二、研究对象的分组
1.……weredividedinto/classified/groupedinto
2.……weredividedrandomly/randomizedinto
3.……weredividedequallyinto
举例:
patientsweredividedintothreegroups:
group1……patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveh.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.oacgroupreceived20mgomeprazole,……
三、年龄
1.某一年龄
举例:
a50-year-oldpatient.patients(age26±3years).
2.在某年龄范围内及平均年龄
举例:
patientsrangeinagefrom…to…,withameanof(50years).
3.在某一年龄以上或以下
举例:
patientsmorethan50years.patientsunder/lessthan50years.
四、性别、时间
1.性别
twelvepatients(7maleand5female)
themale-to-femaleratiowas1:
4
2.时间
bodyweightwasmeasuredweekly,andliverbiopsywasobtainedat4,8and12weeks.……
五、诊断与治疗
1.诊断
bediagnosedashaving…
bediagnosedas…by…/with…®besuspectedas…
2.治疗
betreatedwith…(aloneorincombinationwith…)
betreatedonoutpatient/inpatientbasis
举例:
(1)patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveh.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.oacgroupreceived20mgomeprazole,…
(2)50patientswithactivebleedingduodenalulcerwererandomlyassignedtoreceiveoneofthefourtreatmentregimens.…
结果部分
1.是*结论的根据
2.应记录真实的科研数据
3.除指示性说明外,一般用过去时表示
一、常用句型
1.结果表明:
theresultsshowed/demonstrated/revealed/documented/indicated/suggested…that…®itwasfoundthat…
举例:
theresultsshowedthathighthighcuffdopplertechniquewas79percentsensitive,56percentspecificand63percentaccurate.
2.与…有关:
awasrelated/correlated/associatedwithb.therewasarelationship/correlationbetweenaandb.therewasarelationofawithbandc
举例:
insulinsensitivityindexwasnegativelywithbloodvelocity(r=0.530,p<0.05),bodymassindex(r=o.563,p<0.01)andbaselineinsulinemia(r=0.489,p<0.05)
3.增加或减少
(1)表示数值增加的动词:
increase,rise,elevate
(2)表示数值增加的名词:
increase,increment,elevation
(3)表示数值减少的动词:
decrease,reduce,fall,drop,decline,lower
(4)表示数值减少的名词:
decrease,decrement,reduction,fall,drop,decline,lowering
(5)从…增加到…,平均增加…:
increasefrom…to…,withamean/average(increase)of…
(6)从…增加到…,总的增加…:
increasefrom…to…,withanoverallincreaseof…
(7)增加了10%:
increaseby(10%)
4.倍数比较
(1)增加或减少3倍:
increaseby3fold(times).a3-foldincrease
(2)a是b的3倍:
ais3fold(times)as…asb.ais3fold(times)b
5.结果的统计学意义
(1)明显不同(significantdifference)
(2)很明显不同(very/highlysignificantdifference)
(3)区别不明显(insignificantdifference)
(4)无区别(nonsignificantdifference/nodifference)
6.统计学意义常用句型
(1)therewas/issignificantdifferencein…betweenaandb
(2)thedifferencein…betweenaandbwas/issignificant
(3)awas/issignificantdifferencefrombin…
(4)nosignificantdifferencewasfound/observed/notedin…betweenaandb
“in”表示区分的性质或内容
举例:
①therewerenosignificantdifferencebetweentreatmentgroupsinsymptomsandlungfunction(p>0.05).
②significantdifferencewerenotnotedinthelevelofhdlcholesterol,andldlpeakparticlediameterbeforeandaftertreatment.
结论部分:
是作者发表观点和见解,给读者的精髓部分
1.归纳性说明研究结果或发现
2.结论性说明结果的可能原因、机理或意义
3.前瞻性说明未解决的问题
一、结论部分时态
1.过去时
(1)涉及本研究的内容
(2)涉及他人研究过程的内容
(3)作者认为只适用于本研究环境和条件的结论
2.现在时
(1)指示性说明
(2)普遍接受的思想、理论或结论
(3)作者认为本研究结论具有普遍意义
(4)前瞻性说明
举例:
ourfindingsindicatethathepatitiscisaprogressivedisease[指示性说明-现在时],butonlyafewdiedduringtheaverage20.4yearsaftertheinitiationofinjectiondruguse[本试验过程中发生的事-过去时].antiviraltreatmenttoeradicatethevirusandhalttheprogressionofdiseasesisindicatedinthisgroupofpatients[作者认为具有普遍意义的结论-现在时].
二、结论部分常用句型
1.结果提示…:
theseresultssuggestthat…
举例:
thesedataconfirmthepresenceofatleasttwomajorhcvgenotypesinnigeria.
2.结果支持或反对某种观点:
theseresultssupporttheideathat…;theseresultsfailtosupporttheideathat…
举例:
theseresultsdonotsupporttheideathattreatmenttolowercholesterolconcentrationcausemooddisturbance.
3.表示观点的确定或不确定性:
thereisnoevidencethat…;itislikely/unlikelythat…
举例:
thereisnoevidencethatniddmproduceanychangeinbonemetabolismormass.
4.具有…意义:
beofgreat(some/little/no)clinicalsignificancein…to…
举例:
thedetectionofp53geneisofgreatclinicalsignificanceintumordiagnosis.
5.前瞻性说明:
…remaintobefurtherstudied;itisremainstobeprovedthat…
举例:
however,therelationofinsulinresistancetohypertensionremainstobefurtherstudied.
6.插入语:
thisisthefirstcaseofpancreasdivisum.
举例:
thisisthefirstcase,toourknowledge,ofpancreasdivisum.
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