职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052313.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052313.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052313
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-13
1、ReducePackagingPressureincreasedrecentlyonBritishsupermarketsandretailerstoreducepackagingaspartofananti-wastecampaign.ThecampaignwasinitiatedbyTheIndependentnewspaper.Britaingenerates4.6milliontonsofhouseholdwasteeveryyearbypackaging.Dozensofpeoplehaveexpressedangerattheexcessofplasticwrapping.CampaignershavecalledonBritaintolearnfromotherEuropeancountries,InBelgium,whenyoubuysomethinginaplasticorglasscontainer,youmakeadeposit.Whenreturnedbottlesareputinavendingmachine自动售货机,thedepositisrefunded.EnvironmentalistswarnthatBritainlagsbehindinthis.Therewerereportsofgrowinguneaseamongconsumersovertheamountofpackagingtheyhavetodealwith.Tradestandardsofficersalsoobjecttoexcessivepackaging.____InresponsetoacampaignbyBritain\'sTheIndependentnewspaper,leadingsupermarketshavepointedtovariousinitiativestowinthepublicconfidence.tonsofcardboardayearbyswitchingtoreusableplasticcrates装货箱fortransportingitsfreshproduce.Butcampaignerssaidretailersandthegovernmentcouldlearnmuchfromanti-wastepracticesontheContinent.InSweden,non-recyclablebatterieshavebeentaxedsince1991toencourageaswitchtoalternatives.Thishasresultedina74percentreductioninsales.InGermany,plasticbagsareunheardofinsupermarketsanddepositsarepaidforreusableplasticandglassbeveragebottles.【单选题】
A.Ifaproductisoverpackaged,don\'tbuyit.
B.InBelgium,whenyoubuysomethinginaplasticorglasscontainer,youmakeadeposit.
C.Thisisbecausetoomuchpaddingcangivebuyersafalseimpressionofwhattheyarebuying.
D.Thishasresultedina74percentreductioninsales.
E.Tescosaiditwassaving112,000tonsofcardboardayearbyswitchingtoreusableplasticcrates(装货箱)fortransportingitsfreshproduce.
F.ThecampaignwasinitiatedbyTheIndependentnewspaper.
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题有一定难度。
要认真阅读文章,理解好句意,判断出叙述逻辑,可使用排除法和代入法。
本题的上句谈到了贸易标准部门的官员反对过度的包装,由此可以推断此处应该进行解释,回来看选项,可以发现C项合适,把C项代入文中,符合上下文逻辑,是答案。
2、MobilePhonesMobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyprovedtobeadangeroussourceofradiation,accordingtoRobertBell,ascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuilduntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitisscientificallyevaluated,hesaid."Nobody\'sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformation,"RobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.“Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoilleffectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBell,thereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2,000aday.____Aswell,thereare2,000transmittertowersaroundAustralia,manyinhighdensityresidentialareas.Forexample,Telstra,OptusandVideophonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgrounds,childcarecentres,hospitals,sportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.Thenwhofinancestheresearch?
AccordingtoRobertBell,itisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.Besides,healsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawideranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.【单选题】
A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.
B.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave9millionmobilephones:
nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.
C.“Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.
D.Thenwhofinancestheresearch?
E.Forexample,Telstra,OptusandVideophonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.
F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringmoreharmthanbenefit.
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
前一句介绍了澳大利亚拥有手机的现状。
选项B的内容是对到2000年年底之前手机发展前景的预测,前后内容连贯,因此是正确答案。
3、PopulationTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists.____.Tofeedalargepopulation,inferiorlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.produceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethancouldbeobtainedwithasmallerpopulation.Othereconomistshavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmorescopeforspecializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythemOneofthedifficultiesincarryingoutaworldwidebirthcontrolprogramliesinthefactthatofficialattitudestopopulationgrowthvaryfromcountrytocountrydependingonthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentandtheavailabilityoffoodandrawmaterials.Inthedevelopingcountrywhereavastlyexpandedpopulationispressingharduponthelimitsoffood,spaceandnaturalresources,concernofgovernmenttoplanealimitonthebirthrate,whatevertheconsequencesmaybe.Inahighlyindustrializedsocietytheproblemmaybemorecomplex.Adecreasingbirthratemayleadtounemploymentitresultsinadecliningmarketformanufacturedgoods.Whenthepressureofpopulationonhousingdeclines,pricesalsodeclineandthebuildingindustryisweakened.Facedwithconsiderationssuchasthese,thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasingpopulation,ratherthanonewhichisstableorindecline.【单选题】
A.whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem
B.Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited
C.itwillbethefirstconcernofgovernmenttoplanealimitonthebirthrate,whatevertheconsequencesmaybe
D.Thus,eachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethancouldbeobtainedwithasmallerpopulation
E.Asmallpopulationmaymeanlowerproductivity,butahigheraverageincome
F.becauseitresultsinadecliningmarketformanufacturedgoods
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
从后面一句可知,该句很可能讲述的是土地的问题。
答案B说,肥沃的土地是有限的,正好与后一句所说的“开垦欠肥沃的土地并精耕细作肥沃土地”相吻合,形成语义上的连贯。
4、CarsAreGoodfortheEnvironment,HonestBritain\'smotorindustryisplanningamajorpublicitycampaigntocounterwhatitseesasanofficialanti-carbiasandtoimprovetheenvironmentalimageofthecars,accordingtodocumentsleakedtothepressuregroup,FriendsoftheEarth(FOE).____TheinternaldocumentwhichwasproducedlastmonthbytheSocietyofMotorManufacturersandTraders,saysthatthe"ultimateobjectiveofthecampaignmustbetoprotectthelong-termcommercialfreedomofthemotorindustryandthelifestylefreedomofcarusers".Thecampaignwillhighlightthemotorindustry\'seffortstoreduceemissionsofcarbondioxide.EuropeancarmanufacturershavealreadyagreedwiththeEuropeanCommissiontoreduceCO2emissionsfromnewcarsby25percenttotargetof140gramsperkilometerby2008.However,thedocumentalsorevealsthattheindustryissomewayfrommeetingthetarget.Forexample,lastyear\'snewcarsexceedanaverageof192gramsperkilometre—some37percentabovethetarget.Tohelpcontroltheseemissions,thegovernmenthasproposedreplacingtheflatrateannualtaxoncarswithataxrelatedtoenginesizesothatownersoflargegas-guzzlerwouldpaymorethanownersofsmallcars.Butthemotorindustryopposestaxesonpersonsowningcarspreferringtaxesonuse.RichardBarnet,thesociety\'smediamanager,says:
"Wewillworkwiththegovernmenttopracticeapracticalsystem."ButIanWillmoreofFOEsaystheindustry“mayposeaspartnersofthegovernment,butitsrealintentionistofrustrateseriousattemptstoreducetrafficlevels”.【单选题】
A.Thecampaignwillhighlightthemotorindustry\'seffortstoreduceemissionsofcarbondioxide.
B.Butthemotorindustryopposestaxesonpersonsowningcarspreferringtaxesonuse.
C.Thefive-yearcampaigncouldcostupto£12million.
D.Thereasonwhycarsaregoodfortheenvironmentisobvious.
E.ButIanWillmoreofFOEsaystheindustry“mayposeaspartnersofthegovernment,butitsrealintentionistofrustrateseriousattemptstoreducetrafficlevels”.
F.Forexample,lastyear\'snewcarsexceedanaverageof192gramsperkilometre—some37percentabovethetarget.
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本段前部分提到了倡导新的活动,自然而然地会联系到费用,所以选择C。
5、PopulationTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists.Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.Tofeedalargepopulation,inferiorlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.____.Othereconomistshavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmorescopeforspecializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythemOneofthedifficultiesincarryingoutaworldwidebirthcontrolprogramliesinthefactthato
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